163 research outputs found

    Borel-Cantelli sequences

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    A sequence {xn}1∞\{x_{n}\}_1^\infty in [0,1)[0,1) is called Borel-Cantelli (BC) if for all non-increasing sequences of positive real numbers {an}\{a_n\} with βˆ‘βˆži=1ai=∞\underset{i=1}{\overset{\infty}{\sum}}a_i=\infty the set ∩∞k=1βˆͺ∞n=kB(xn,an))={x∈[0,1)∣∣xnβˆ’x∣<anfor∞manynβ‰₯1}\underset{k=1}{\overset{\infty}{\cap}} \underset{n=k}{\overset{\infty}{\cup}} B(x_n, a_n))=\{x\in[0,1)\mid |x_n-x|<a_n \text{for} \infty \text{many}n\geq1\} has full Lebesgue measure. (To put it informally, BC sequences are sequences for which a natural converse to the Borel-Cantelli Theorem holds). The notion of BC sequences is motivated by the Monotone Shrinking Target Property for dynamical systems, but our approach is from a geometric rather than dynamical perspective. A sufficient condition, a necessary condition and a necessary and sufficient condition for a sequence to be BC are established. A number of examples of BC and not BC sequences are presented. The property of a sequence to be BC is a delicate diophantine property. For example, the orbits of a pseudo-Anosoff IET (interval exchange transformation) are BC while the orbits of a "generic" IET are not. The notion of BC sequences is extended to more general spaces.Comment: 20 pages. Some proofs clarifie

    ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ створСння Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ засобу для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синдрому Π½Π° основі БАР ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ– Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— листя

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    Topicality. The metabolic syndrome is pathogenetically interrelated metabolic disorders in the condition of a sick person. A large set of factors is involved in its occurrence. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, overeating, insulin resistance, obesity, bad habits, hypodynamics, stress and unfavorable environmental conditions. First of all, defects of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism provoke a cascade of genetic, metabolic, hormonal, nervous, inflammatory and other reactions and disorders in cells, tissues and organs, causing the metabolic syndrome and associated diseases, such as diabetes, kidney and gallstone disease, hypertension, platelet hyperaggregation, etc. Therefore, the rational use of synthetic and herbal medicines in the complex correction of these disorders can slow down the development of the metabolic syndrome. Aim. To develop the method for obtaining a dry modified extract from bearberry, study its chemical composition, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in order to determine the prospects of its use for the correction of the metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods. The study object was a dry extract of bearberry leaves modified with cysteine. HPLC and spectrophotometry were used to analyze the extract obtained. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of dry extracts of bearberry was studied in rats with insulin resistance. Results and discussion. The method for obtaining a dry modified extract from bearberry leaves was developed by adding cysteine. Phenologlycoside (arbutin), 2Β phenolic acids (gallic and ellagic), 6Β flavonoids, 8Β saponins were identified in the extract, and their quantitative content was determined. Hyperoside and catechin were dominant among flavonoids, and ursolic acid, uvaol, and lupeol prevailed among saponins. The content of the main groups of phenolic compounds was determined in the extract by spectrophotometry. The introduction of the dry extract from bearberry leaves modified with cysteine has a normalizing effect on metabolic disorders on the background of a high-fructose diet; therefore, it can be a promising agent for the correction of the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions. As a result of the research conducted, a new dry extract from bearberry leaves modified with cysteine has been created. The phytochemical composition, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the extract have been studied, indicating the prospects for its use to correct the metabolic syndrome.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ синдром – это патогСнСтичСски взаимосвязанныС мСтаболичСскиС Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² состоянии больного Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π—Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² участвуСт Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. К Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌ риска относятся: гСнСтичСская ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΊΠΈ, гиподинамия, стрСссовыС воздСйствия ΠΈ нСблагоприятныС экологичСскиС условия ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ каскад гСнСтичСских, мСтаболичСских, Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ…, тканях ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°Ρ…, Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ мСтаболичСский синдром ΠΈ ассоциированныС с Π½ΠΈΠΌ заболСвания, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ сахарный Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚, ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ- ΠΈ ТСлчнокамСнная Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ, Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ гипСртСнзия, гипСрагрСгация Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅. Π Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ использованиС синтСтичСских ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… лСкарствСнных срСдств Π² комплСксной ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ этих Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ позволяСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ мСтаболичСского синдрома. ЦСль исслСдования. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ способ получСния сухого ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экстракта толокнянки ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π², ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ химичСский состав, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ установлСния пСрспСктивы Π΅Π³ΠΎ использования для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мСтаболичСского синдрома. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ исслСдования Π±Ρ‹Π» сухой экстракт толокнянки ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π², ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ цистСином. Для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экстракта использовали ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π’Π­Π–Π₯ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ. Π“ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сухих экстрактов толокнянки ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° крысах с ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ обсуТдСниС. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ способ получСния сухого ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экстракта с Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ цистСина с толокнянки ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π². Π’ экстрактС ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄ (Π°Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ½), 2Β Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ кислоты (галловая ΠΈ элаговая), 6Β Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², 8 сапонинов, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ установлСно ΠΈΡ… количСствСнноС содСрТаниС. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, срСди сапонинов – урсоловая кислота, ΡƒΠ²Π°ΠΎΠ» ΠΈ Π»ΡƒΠΏΠ΅ΠΎΠ». Π’ экстрактС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ спСктрофотомСтрии установлСно содСрТаниС основных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний. Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сухого экстракта толокнянки ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π², ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ цистСином, проявляСт Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ дСйствиС Π½Π° мСтаболичСскиС Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ высокофруктозной Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ‹, поэтому ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ пСрспСктивным Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мСтаболичСского синдрома. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований Π±Ρ‹Π» создан Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ сухой экстракт толокнянки ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π², ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ цистСином, ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ Π΅Π³ΠΎ фитохимичСский состав, гипогликСмичСская ΠΈ гиполипидСмичСская Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдований ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ пСрспСктивности использования Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экстракта для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мСтаболичСского синдрома.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΉ синдром – Ρ†Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ взаємозв’язані ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρƒ стані Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ— людини. Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΉ комплСкс Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² Π·ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡŽΡ” ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ виникнСння. Π”ΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ: Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π° ΡΡ…ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π½Π°Π΄ΠΌΡ–Ρ€Π½Π΅ харчування, Ρ–Π½ΡΡƒΠ»Ρ–Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, оТиріння, ΡˆΠΊΡ–Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ– Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, гіподинамія, стрСсові Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° нСсприятливі Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ довкілля. НасампСрСд Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈ Π»Ρ–ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ– Π²ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ каскад Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ…, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ…, Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ…, Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ…, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π° Ρ–Π½ΡˆΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Ρƒ ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ…, Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ… Ρ– ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°Ρ…, Ρ‰ΠΎ спричиняє ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΉ синдром Ρ– асоційовані Π· Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, як-ΠΎΡ‚: Ρ†ΡƒΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Ρ–Π°Π±Π΅Ρ‚; Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ- Ρ‚Π° Товчнокам’яна Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ; Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° гіпСртСнзія, гіпСрагрСгація Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‰ΠΎ. Π Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ використання синтСтичних Ρ– рослинних Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… засобів Ρƒ комплСксній ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ†ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ дозволяє ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синдрому. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π° дослідТСння. Π ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ спосіб одСрТання сухого ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Скстракту ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ– Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— листя, Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΉ склад, Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ Ρ– Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΅ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡŽ визначСння пСрспСктиви ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ використання для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синдрому. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠžΠ±β€™Ρ”ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ дослідТСння Π±ΡƒΠ² сухий Скстракт ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ– Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— листя, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ цистСїном. Для Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Скстракту використовували ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π’Π•Π Π₯ Ρ– ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡŽ. Π“Ρ–ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ ΠΉ Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΅ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ сухих Скстрактів ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ– Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— листя Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ… Π· Ρ–Π½ΡΡƒΠ»Ρ–Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… обговорСння. Π ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ спосіб одСрТання сухого ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Скстракту Π· ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ– Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— листя Π· додаванням цистСїну. В Скстракті Ρ–Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄ (Π°Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ½), 2Β Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ– кислоти (Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° Π΅Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ), 6Β Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ—Π΄Ρ–Π², 8 сапонінів Ρ– Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ—Ρ… ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΡ–ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ вміст. Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ—Π΄Ρ–Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄ Ρ– ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Ρ–Π½, сСрСд сапонінів – урсолова кислота, ΡƒΠ²Π°ΠΎΠ» Ρ– Π»ΡƒΠΏΠ΅ΠΎΠ». Π’ Скстракті ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ спСктрофотомСтрії виявлСно вміст основних Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… сполук. ВвСдСння сухого Скстракту ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ– Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— листя, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ цистСїном, проявляє Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ–Π·ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρƒ Π΄Ρ–ΡŽ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π»Ρ– високофруктозної Π΄Ρ–Ρ”Ρ‚ΠΈ, Ρ– Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π²Ρ–Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ пСрспСктивним Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синдрому. Висновки. Π£ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ створСно Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ сухий Скстракт ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ– Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— листя, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ цистСїном, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ дослідТСння ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ складу, Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π° Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΅ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності, Ρ‰ΠΎ засвідчило ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ використання для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синдрому

    Toxicity bioassay of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel on marine microalgae

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    The world biodiesel production is increasing at a rapid rate. Despite its perceived safety for the environment, more detailed toxicity studies are mandatory, especially in the field of aquatic toxicology. While considerable attention has been paid to biodiesel combustion emissions, the toxicity of biodiesel in the aquatic environment has been poorly understood. In our study, we used an algae culture growth-inhibition test (OECD 201) for the comparison of the toxicity of B100 (pure biodiesel), produced by methanol transesterification of waste cooking oil (yellow grease), B0 (petroleum diesel fuel) and B20 (diesel-biodiesel blended of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel fuel by volume). Two marine diatoms Attheya ussuriensis and Chaetoceros muelleri, the red algae Porphyridium purpureum and Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo were employed as the aquatic test organisms. A sample of biodiesel from waste cooking oil without dilution with petroleum diesel (B100) showed the highest level of toxicity for the microalgae A. ussuriensis, C. muelleri and H. akashiwo, compared to hexane, methanol, petroleum diesel (B0) and diluted sample (B20). The acute EC50 in the growth-inhibition test (96 h exposure) of B100 for the four species was in the range of 3.75–23.95 g/L whereas the chronic toxicity EC50 (7d exposure) was in the range of 0.42–16.09 g/L

    Atomic and electronic structure of nanostructured few-layer graphene with self-aligned boundaries synthesized on SiC/Si(001) wafers

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    This work was partially supported by the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant β„– 17-02-01139, 17-02-01291), Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars, and Science Foundation Ireland

    A photochemical approach for a fast and self-limited covalent modification of surface supported graphene with photoactive dyes

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    Herein, we report a simple method for a covalent modification of surface supported graphene with photoactive dyes. Graphene was fabricated on cubic-SiC/Si(001) wafers due to their low cost and suitability for mass-production of continuous graphene fit for electronic applications on millimetre scale. Functionalisation of the graphene surface was carried out in solution via white light induced photochemical generation of phenazine radicals from phenazine diazonium salt. The resulting covalently bonded phenazine-graphene hybrid structure was characterised by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was found that phenazine molecules form an overlayer, which exhibit a short range order with a rectangular unit cell on the graphene surface. DFT calculations based on STM results reveal that molecules are standing up in the overlayer with the maximum coverage of 0.25 molecules per graphene unit cell. Raman spectroscopy and STM results show that the growth is limited to one monolayer of standing molecules. STS reveals that the phenazine-graphene hybrid structure has a band gap of 0.8 eV

    Step bunching with both directions of the current: Vicinal W(110) surfaces versus atomistic scale model

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    We report for the first time the observation of bunching of monoatomic steps on vicinal W(110) surfaces induced by step up or step down currents across the steps. Measurements reveal that the size scaling exponent {\gamma}, connecting the maximal slope of a bunch with its height, differs depending on the current direction. We provide a numerical perspective by using an atomistic scale model with a conserved surface flux to mimic experimental conditions, and also for the first time show that there is an interval of parameters in which the vicinal surface is unstable against step bunching for both directions of the adatom drift.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figure

    Morphological characterization of biominerals from five multicellular marine algae species

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    Silica biominerals are deposited as amorphous solid structures in plant cells and tissues, providing rigidity to different plant parts and assisting in defence. The shape and size of phytoliths are well established and serve as a useful tool in taxonomic analyses. For the first time we extracted and studied silica biominerals of five marine macroalgae, which we observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). More than nine different morphotypes of phytoliths ranging from β‰₯ 10 to β‰₯ 350 ΞΌm in size were found. Some of them were phytoliths made of silica while others showed characteristics of different minerals of calcium. In our study, the β€œhoneycomb” formations were only recorded in Laurencia tropica Yamada and pyramid tabular ones were found only in Tichocarpus crinitus (S.G. Gmelin) Ruprecht. The XRD analysis showed that they consisted of virgilite and gypsum substance, respectively. Silica phytoliths are intrinsic parts of the algae and their morphological characterization can provide the basis for palaeo-reconstruction and taxonomic investigation of brown and red algae in palaeontological studies of fossils where all organic matter has decayed

    Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности лапароскопичСской пластики ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ·Ρ‹Ρ€Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ свища

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    Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности лапароскопичСской пластики ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ·Ρ‹Ρ€Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ свищ

    ΠžΠ”ΠΠžΠœΠžΠœΠ•ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ― Π‘Π£Π‘Π’ΠžΠ’ΠΠ›Π¬ΠΠΠ― Π­Π—ΠžΠ€ΠΠ“Π­ΠšΠ’ΠžΠœΠ˜Π― И Π’Π•Π Π₯НЯЯ Π›ΠžΠ‘Π­ΠšΠ’ΠžΠœΠ˜Π― Π‘ΠŸΠ ΠΠ’Π Π‘ Π Π•Π—Π•ΠšΠ¦Π˜Π•Π™ Π“Π›ΠΠ’ΠΠžΠ“Πž И ΠŸΠ ΠžΠœΠ•Π–Π£Π’ΠžΠ§ΠΠžΠ“Πž Π‘Π ΠžΠΠ₯ΠžΠ’ ПРИ БИНΠ₯РОННОМ Π ΠΠšΠ• ΠŸΠ˜Π©Π•Π’ΠžΠ”Π И Π›Π•Π“ΠšΠžΠ“Πž

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    We report a rare case of successful surgical management (simultaneous esophagectomy and upper lobectomy with resection of the main and intermediate bronchi) of synchronous multiple primary cancer of the thoracic esophagus and central cancer of the right lung. Β  Β The role of morphological characteristics in differential diagnosis between synchronous neoplasia and metastasis has been described. This clinical case demonstrates successful one-stage surgical management of this disease provided a correct assessment of the extent of cancer involvement and the patient’s functional status.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ клиничСскоС наблюдСниС ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ – эзофагэктомии ΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ лобэктомии с Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-мноТСствСнной синхронной ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ: Ρ€Π°ΠΊ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ прСдставлСны диагностичСский комплСкс ΠΈ особСнности морфологичСской диагностики Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° синхронной Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ мСтастатичСского процСсса. Π”Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ клиничСскоС наблюдСниС дСмонстрируСт Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ хирургичСского лСчСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ тяТСлой ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρƒ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ условии ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ распространСнности заболСвания ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ статуса ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°
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