Brazilian WHOQOL-OLD module version: a Rasch analysis of a new instrument

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Brazilian version of WHOQOL-OLD Module and to test potential changes to the instrument to increase its psychometric adequacy. METHODS: A total of 424 older adults living in a city in Southern Brazil completed the WHOQOL-OLD instrument, in 2005. Rasch analysis was used to explore the psychometric performance of the scale, as implemented by the RUMM2020 software. Item-trait interaction, threshold disorders, presence of differential item functioning and item fit, were analyzed. RESULTS: Two ("death and dying" and "sensory abilities") out of six domains showed inadequate item-trait interactions. Rescoring the response scale and deleting the most misperforming items led to scale improvement. The evaluation of domains and items individually showed that the "intimacy" domain does perform well in contrast to the findings using the classical approach. In addition, the "sensory abilities" domain does not derive an interval measure in its current format. CONCLUSIONS: Unidimensionality and local independence were seen in all domains. Changes in the response scale and deletion of problematic items improved the scale's performance

Desenvolvimento e validação da versão em Português do módulo WHOQOL-OLD

OBJECTIVE: The increasing proportion of older adults in the general population and the specific characteristics of this age group show the need for the development of specific instruments to measure quality of life in older adults. The study aimed at describing the development and validation of the Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life for Older Persons (WHOQOL-OLD) module. METHODS: The WHOQOL-OLD instrument was administered in a sample of 424 older adults in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, in 2005. The questionnaire comprises 24 items divided into six facets: sensory abilities; autonomy; past, present and future activities; social participation; death and dying; and intimacy. Besides the WHOQOL-OLD module, the WHOQOL-BREF, BDI and BHS instruments were also applied. The instrument's internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: The instrument showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficients ranging from 0.71 to 0.88), discriminant validity (pOBJETIVO: O aumento da proporção de idosos na população geral e as particularidades que esta faixa etária apresenta apontam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de instrumentos específicos para a aferição de sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo foi descrever o desenvolvimento e a validação da versão em português do módulo específico para idosos do questionário de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-OLD). MÉTODOS: O instrumento WHOQOL-OLD foi aplicado em amostra de 424 idosos na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, em 2005. O questionário é composto por 24 itens divididos em seis facetas: funcionamento dos sentidos, autonomia, atividades passadas, presentes e futuras, participação social, morte e morrer, e intimidade. Além do Módulo WHOQOL-OLD, os instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF, BDI e BHS também foram aplicados. A consistência interna do instrumento foi verificada pelo coeficiente alpha de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: O instrumento mostrou características satisfatórias de consistência interna (Coeficientes de Cronbach de 0,71 a 0,88), validade discriminante (

Which are the recent clinical findings regarding the association between depression and suicide?

OBJECTIVE: Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, especially among young subjects. Suicide is considered the outcome of a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, which is a result of the interaction between several factors. The association between psychopathology and suicide has been extensively investigated. Major depression plays an important role among the psychiatric diagnoses associated with suicide. This finding seems to be confirmed by different study designs, and in distinct populations. The present paper aims to briefly review the recent findings regarding the suicide-related clinical features of depression. Moreover, strategies for suicide prevention were also reviewed. REVIEW: Recent references were identified and grouped in order to illustrate the main contributions about depression and suicide. Briefly, the literature review stresses the high prevalence of major depression among subjects presenting suicide behaviors. Psychopathological traits, such as aggression and impulsivity play a relevant role in triggering suicidal behaviors. Strategies for suicide prevention were also reviewed in Brazil and internationally. In general, detection and treatment are effective in reducing suicide rates. CONCLUSION: Studies regarding suicide behaviors have had a pragmatic approach, and generated a large body of evidence about correlates of suicide. However, these studies have not been able to provide a consistent theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. The recent adoption of modern strategies represents a possibility of enhancing the research capability of such studies. In order to be clinically useful, findings should make it possible to deepen the understanding over the experience of a suicidal person, as well as to design specific strategies for prevention and treatment in population subgroups.OBJETIVO: Suicídio é uma das maiores causas de mortalidade ao redor do mundo, especialmente entre indivíduos jovens. Suicídio é considerado o desfecho de um fenômeno complexo e multidimensional, e decorrente da interação de diversos fatores. A associação entre psicopatologia e suicídio tem sido largamente estudada. Dentre os diagnósticos psiquiátricos associados a suicídio, depressão maior se destaca sobremaneira. Tais achados parecem ser confirmados em diferentes desenhos metodológicos e em distintas populações. Este artigo visa a revisar sucintamente as contribuições recentes acerca das características clínicas da depressão que se encontram vinculadas a casos de suicídio. Destacam-se também os esforços de prevenção, no sentido de, ao se detectar e tratar casos de depressão em serviços gerais de saúde, diminuir o risco de suicídio. REVISÃO: Referências recentes foram identificadas e agrupadas com o intuito de ilustrar as principais contribuições acerca da interface entre depressão e suicídio. Brevemente, a revisão de literatura aberta aponta para a grande prevalência do diagnóstico de depressão maior entre os casos de comportamento suicida. Traços psicopatológicos de agressão e impulsividade parecem exercer um papel relevante no desencadeamento de atos suicidas. Estratégias de prevenção foram também revisadas nos contextos internacional e brasileiro. De modo geral, a detecção e tratamento de depressão são capazes de reduzir as taxas de suicídio. CONCLUSÃO: No campo da pesquisa sobre comportamento suicida, os estudos têm tido caráter pragmático e produziram um panorama de fatores claramente associados ao suicídio, sem, no entanto, oferecer uma amarração teórica consistente para os achados. A crescente adoção de modernas técnicas traz uma ampliação das possibilidades de investigação. Para serem clinicamente úteis, os novos conhecimentos devem possibilitar um olhar mais profundo no mundo de uma pessoa suicida, bem como a adoção de estratégias específicas de tratamento e de prevenção que fossem mais eficientes para subgrupos populacionais.S18S2

Assisted Reproduction: What factors interfere in the professional's decisions? Are single women an issue?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With the development of medical technology, many countries around the world have been implementing ethical guidelines and laws regarding Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR). A physician's reproductive decisions are not solely based on technical criteria but are also influenced by society values. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors prioritized by MAR professionals when deciding on whether to accept to perform assisted reproduction and to show any existing cultural differences.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional study involving 224 healthcare professionals working with assisted reproduction in Brazil, Italy, Germany and Greece. Instrument used for data collection: a questionnaire, followed by the description of four special MAR cases (a single woman, a lesbian couple, an HIV discordant couple and gender selection) which included case-specific questions regarding the professionals' decision on whether to perform the requested procedure as well as the following factors: socio-demographic variables, moral and legal values as well as the technical aspects which influence decision-making.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Only the case involving a single woman who wishes to have a child (without the intention of having a partner in the future) demonstrated significant differences. Therefore, the study was driven towards the results of this case specifically. The analyses we performed demonstrated that professionals holding a Master's Degree, those younger in age, female professionals, those having worked for less time in reproduction, those in private clinics and Brazilian health professionals all had a greater tendency to perform the procedure in that case. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the reasons for the professional's decision to perform the procedure were the woman's right to gestate and the duty of MAR professionals to help her. The professionals who decided not to perform the procedure identified the woman's marital status and the child's right to a father as the reason to withhold treatment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The study indicates differences among countries in the evaluation of the single woman case. It also discloses the undervaluation of bioethics committees and the need for a greater participation of healthcare professionals in debates on assisted reproduction laws.</p

Development and validation of the Brazilian version of the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ): An example of merging classical psychometric theory and the Rasch measurement model

Aging has determined a demographic shift in the world, which is considered a major societal achievement, and a challenge. Aging is primarily a subjective experience, shaped by factors such as gender and culture. There is a lack of instruments to assess attitudes to aging adequately. In addition, there is no instrument developed or validated in developing region contexts, so that the particularities of ageing in these areas are not included in the measures available. This paper aims to develop and validate a reliable attitude to aging instrument by combining classical psychometric approach and Rasch analysis

Projeto WHOQOL-OLD: método e resultados de grupos focais no Brasil

OBJECTIVES: Exploring the conditions that allow satisfactory quality of life in old age is an issue of scientific and social relevance. Thus, the objective of the study was to describe a quality of life assessment method for the elderly and present the results from focus groups conducted among old people in good health and ill health, as well as their caregivers. METHODS: The methodology used in the WHOQOL-OLD project is the same as utilized in the development of other WHOQOL modules. Five focus groups were conducted in Brazil. The sampling procedure was done according to convenience. Eighteen old people and five caregivers took part in the focus groups. All the focus groups followed a pre-established methodology. RESULTS: A tendency towards making an association between quality of life and wellbeing and feeling well was observed. The responses spontaneously included the 6 domains proposed in WHOQOL-100, thus corroborating the multidimensional nature of this construction. Nineteen out of the 24 original facets of this instrument were cited as relevant, and the five facets not spontaneously remembered were not concentrated in a single domain. When questioned about the importance of each of the 24 facets of WHOQOL-100, the groups considered all of them to be relevant. However, suggestions for modifications to five facets were made. Additional items were also examined and considered relevant for assessing quality of life among the elderly, by both the old people and the caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: The results corroborate the hypothesis that old people constitute a particular group and, as such, they have relevant specific characteristics. Thus, an appropriate instrument for assessing quality of life among the elderly needs to consider such matters.OBJETIVO: A investigação sobre as condições que permitem uma boa qualidade de vida na velhice é de interesse científico e social. Assim, o estudo objetivou apresentar a metodologia utilizada e os resultados dos grupos focais para avaliação da qualidade de vida do idoso. MÉTODOS: A metodologia do projeto WHOQOL-OLD é a mesma utilizada no desenvolvimento de outros módulos do WHOQOL. Foram realizados cinco grupos focais no Brasil. O método amostral foi o de conveniência. Dezoito idosos e cinco cuidadores participaram dos grupos focais. Todos os grupos obedeceram a uma metodologia pré-estabelecida. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma tendência de associação entre qualidade de vida e bem-estar ou sentir-se bem. Espontaneamente, as respostas incluíram os seis domínios propostos no WHOQOL-100, reforçando a multidimensionalidade do construto. Das 24 facetas originais, 19 foram citadas como relevantes, sendo que as cinco facetas não espontaneamente lembradas não se centraram em um único domínio. Quando perguntados sobre a importância de cada uma das 24 facetas do WHOQOL-100, os grupos consideraram-nas todas relevantes. Foram sugeridas modificações para serem aplicadas a idosos para cinco facetas. Itens adicionais também foram examinados e considerados relevantes para a avaliação de qualidade de vida em idosos, tanto pelos idosos entrevistados como pelos cuidadores. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados corroboram com a hipótese de que os idosos constituem um grupo particular e, como tal, apresentam especificidades de importante relevância para a qualidade de vida. Assim, um instrumento adequado para a avaliação da qualidade de vida de idosos tem que necessariamente contemplar esses aspectos

Desenvolvimento e aplicação da versão em português do instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-100)

OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization developed an instrument to assess quality of life in the framework of a collaborative multicentric project. The methodology and the different stages of developing the original instrument are described. Next, the developing of the portuguese version is presented as well as its application in 300 patients in Porto Alegre, south Brazil.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through a singular methodology, translation, discussionin focal groups with community members, patients and health professionals was performed followed by back translation.RESULTS: The instrument showed a good psychometric performance with good internal consistency, discriminant validity, criterion validity, concurrent validity and reliability.CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded showing that the instrument is ready to be used in Brazil, being important to evaluate its performance in other regions and different samples.OBJETIVO: A Organização Mundial da Saúde desenvolveu um instrumento para avaliação de qualidade de vida através de um projeto colaborativo multicêntrico. São descritas a metodologia e as diferentes etapas de desenvolvimento do instrumentooriginal. A seguir é apresentado o desenvolvimento da versão em português e a aplicação deste em uma amostra de 300 indivíduos na cidade de Porto Alegre, sul do Brasil.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Através de uma metodologia própria foi realizada a tradução, discussão em grupos focais com membros da comunidade, pacientes eprofissionais de saúde seguida de retrotradução.RESULTADOS: O Instrumento mostrou um bom desempenho psicométrico com características satisfatórias de consistência interna, validade discriminante, validade de critério, validade concorrente e fidedignidade teste-reteste.CONCLUSÕES: Os autores concluem que o instrumento está em condições de ser usado no Brasil, sendo importante avaliar seu desempenho em outras regiões e em diferentes amostras de indivíduos

Psychological distress as predictor of quality of life in men experiencing infertility: a cross-sectional survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Infertility is associated with impairment in human life. The quality of life (QOL) construct allows measuring the impact of health conditions in a broader way. The study aimed to explore the impact of the psychological distress on QOL's dimensions in men experiencing infertility.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>162 men were completed a socio-demographic form, SF-36, WHOQOL-BREF, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Hierarchical regressions included demographic and clinic variables, and subsequently depression and anxiety were added.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>Model 1 was not accurate in predicting QOL. R²values ranged from 0.029 (Social Functioning) to 0.149 (Mental Health). Eight domains were not associated with any of the predictors. In the second model, a R²increase was observed in all domains. R²of QOL scores ranged from .209 (Role Physical) to .406 (Social Functioning). The intensity of the depression was a significant predictor for all outcomes. The load of depression was higher than the ones of the socio-demographic and clinical variables. Anxiety levels have also presented the same effect, but with less intensity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Subthreshold depression and anxiety were major predictors of QOL in men experiencing infertility. Health professionals need to include assessment of psychological symptomatology to plan more efficient interventions to infertile patients.</p