Educational measures with young offenders: the case of Germany and Spain

[ES] La justicia juvenil desarrolla su intervención teniendo en cuenta las particulari-dades del momento psicoevolutivo y social de los jóvenes. La intervención con los menores infractores persigue el doble objetivo de rehabilitar al menor y evitar su reincidencia o inicio de una carrera delictiva. En este trabajo se sigue el método comparado para analizar las me-didas legales y educativas seguidas en dos países europeos como son Alemania y España, con el objetivo de conocer lo apropiado de las mismas. Para ello se lleva a cabo un doble análisis. Por un lado, la ley para menores, sus reformas, resultados, principios y nivel punitivo para el menor infractor en cada país. Por otro, las medidas educativas aplicadas a partir de las posibilidades que permite el marco legal. Los resultados permiten obtener la visión de dos sistemas legales para jóvenes donde se aprecian diferencias importantes, siendo el español más punitivo que el alemán. También se observa resistencia por parte de los operadores jurí-dicos, tanto en Alemania como España, a hacer más lesiva la ley. Se concluye con la defensa del uso de medidas educativas y rehabilitadoras que hayan demostrado su eficacia de cara a la disminución de la reincidencia y el aumento de la reinserción. [EN] Juvenile justice develops its intervention taking into account the particularities of the psycho-evolutionary and social moment of young people. Intervention with juvenile offenders has the dual objective of rehabilitating the young and preventing recidivism or the start of a criminal career. This paper follows the comparative method to analyse the legal and educational measures followed in two European countries such as Germany and Spain, with the aim of knowing the appropriateness of these measures. A double analysis is carried out for this purpose. On the one hand, the law for minors, its reforms, results, principles and punitive level for the young offender in each country. On the other hand, the educational measures applied from the possibilities allowed by the legal framework. The results give an insight into two legal systems for young people where important differences can be seen, the Spanish one being more punitive than the German one. There is also resistance from legal operators, both in Germany and Spain, to make the law more harmful. It concludes by advo-cating the use of educational and rehabilitative measures that have proven to be effective in reducing recidivism and increasing reintegration

Planeamiento estratégico para la industria arequipeña del calzado

La elaboración del calzado es una actividad económica productiva que tiene su inicio en la crianza del ganado, luego se obtiene la materia prima que es el cuero , posteriormente se trata y acondiciona este cuero, para finalmente concluir en la producción de calzado. La Sociedad Nacional de Industrias reportó en el 2003, que en Perú existen alrededor de 4,500 empresas de calzado, 60% en la formalidad y el 40% en la informalidad. La industria de calzado en Perú se clasifica en micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas y está medida por indicadores de producción tales como el número de trabajadores, número de máquinas y niveles de producción. La microempresa presenta una capacidad de producción de hasta 40 pares diarios. La pequeña empresa de calzado emplea de 10 a 50 trabajadores y se diferencia por el uso de maquinaria especializada, mano de obra con experiencia y mayor volumen de producción, con una producción máxima de 250 pares de calzado diarios. La distribución productiva de calzado en nuestro país es de la siguiente manera, Lima con el 60%, seguido de Trujillo con 20%; Arequipa tiene el 15%; y finalmente Huancayo con otras regiones, representan el 5%, en base al total de la producción nacional. El objetivo del presente planeamiento estratégico es enfocarse en las potencialidades productivas y comerciales de la red de microempresas de calzado del distrito de Socabaya en Arequipa. Según Palaco (2016) en Socabaya un tercio de las microempresas formales tienen la finalidad de generar autoempleo, teniendo un promedio de cuatro trabajadores de modalidad eventual, además el 50% de estas microempresas solo usa el 50% de su capacidad instalada productiva, lo cual ocasiona una alta rotación de mano de obra debido a que el trabajador obtiene un ingreso promedio mensual menor a los 763 solesThe development of footwear is a productive economic activity that has its beginning in raising livestock, then you get the raw material that is leather, then this leather is treated and conditioned, to finally conclude in the production of footwear. The National Society of Industries reported in 2003 that in Peru there are around 4,500 footwear companies, 60% in formality and 40% in informality. The footwear industry in Peru is classified into micro, small and medium enterprises and is measured by production indicators such as the number of workers, number of machines and levels of production. The microenterprise has a production capacity of up to 40 pairs a day. The small footwear company employs 10 to 50 workers and is distinguished by the use of specialized machinery, skilled labor and increased production volume, with a maximum production of 250 pairs of footwear per day. The productive distribution of footwear in our country is as follows, Lima with 60%, followed by Trujillo with 20%; Arequipa has 15%; and finally Huancayo with other regions, represent 5%, based on the total national production. The objective of this strategic planning is to focus on the productive and commercial potentials of the footwear microenterprise network of the Socabaya district in Arequipa. According to Palaco (2016) in Socabaya, a third of the formal microenterprises have the purpose of generating self-employment, with an average of four workers in an eventual mode, in addition 50% of these micro-enterprises only use 50% of their productive installed capacity, which It causes a high turnover of labor due to the fact that the worker obtains a monthly average income lower than 763 solesTesi

Glutathione peroxidase contributes with heme oxygenase-1 to redox balance in mouse brain during the course of cerebral malaria

Oxidative stress has been attributed both a key pathogenic and rescuing role in cerebral malaria (CM). In a Plasmodium berghei ANKA murine model of CM, host redox signaling and functioning were examined during the course of neurological damage. Host antioxidant defenses were early altered at the transcriptional level indicated by the gradually diminished expression of superoxide dismutase-1 (sod-1), sod-2, sod-3 and catalase genes. During severe disease, this led to the dysfunctional activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in damaged brain regions. Vitagene associated markers (heat shock protein 70 and thioredoxin-1) also showed a decaying expression pattern that paralleled reduced expression of the transcription factors Parkinson disease 7, Forkhead box O 3 and X-box binding protein 1 with a role in preserving brain redox status. However, the oxidative stress markers reactive oxygen/nitrogen species were not accumulated in the brains of CM mice and redox proteomics and immunohistochemistry failed to detect quantitative or qualitative differences in protein carbonylation. Thus, the loss of antioxidant capacity was compensated for in all cerebral regions by progressive upregulation of heme oxygenase-1, and in specific regions by early glutathione peroxidase-1 induction. This study shows for the first time a scenario of cooperative glutathione peroxidase and heme oxygenase-1 upregulation to suppress superoxide dismutase, catalase, heat shock protein-70 and thioredoxin-1 downregulation effects in experimental CM, counteracting oxidative damage and maintaining redox equilibrium. Our findings reconcile the apparent inconsistency between the lack of oxidative metabolite build up and reported protective effect of antioxidant therapy against CM.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España)Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu

Calidad semolera y nuevas variantes alélicas prolaminas en variedades indígenas españolas d trigo duro (Triticum Turgidum L. Tell.)

Las prolaminas son las principales proteínas del endospermo de los trigos panaderos que están relacionadas con la calidad panadera. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar gluteninas LMW según la nomenclatura de Liu et al y relacionarlas con la fuerza panadera

Utilisation of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp. as innovative ingredients in the formulation of wheat tortillas

Powdered biomass of Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp. were used as innovative ingredients in wheat tortillas at flour substitution levels of 0.5-3.0%. Incorporation of microalgae into the tortilla formulations led to increased protein and fat content. The content of phenolic and carotenoids was also higher in microalgae-enriched tortillas, especially for those enriched in Nannochloropsis sp. at a flour substitution level of 3.0%. Not only the phenolic content but also the antioxidant capacity of the tortillas was higher after microalgae incorporation. Bioaccessible polyphenols were also higher in microalgaecontaining tortillas as well as the antioxidant capacity of the enzymatic digestive extracts. No major differences in physical parameters (besides colour) were observed, and the overall acceptance of the microalgae-enriched tortillas assessed after a sensorial analysis was comparable to that of the wheatonly controls. Moreover, the purchase intention of the products as well as the acceptability index suggested that the tortillas would have a good acceptance. Several reports highlighted the nutritional value of microalgae. The production of microalgae and their utilisation as novel ingredients in innovative foods will increase the sustainability of the food industry and promote health

Pedagogía social : revista interuniversitaria

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónTítulo, resumen y palabras clave en español, inglés y portuguésMonográfico con el título: “Instrumentos de evaluación e investigación en pedagogía social”Título del monográfico en inglés: “Evaluation and research instruments in social pedagogy”La justicia juvenil desarrolla su intervención teniendo en cuenta las particularidades del momento psicoevolutivo y social de los jóvenes. La intervención con los menores infractores persigue el doble objetivo de rehabilitar al menor y evitar su reincidencia o inicio de una carrera delictiva. Se sigue el método comparado para analizar las medidas legales y educativas seguidas en dos países europeos como son Alemania y España, para conocer lo apropiado de las mismas. Para ello se lleva a cabo un doble análisis. Por un lado, la ley para menores, sus reformas, resultados, principios y nivel punitivo para el menor infractor en cada país. Por otro, las medidas educativas aplicadas a partir de las posibilidades que permite el marco legal. Los resultados permiten obtener la visión de dos sistemas legales para jóvenes donde se aprecian diferencias importantes, siendo el español más punitivo que el alemán. También se observa resistencia por parte de los operadores jurídicos, tanto en Alemania como España, a hacer más lesiva la ley. Se concluye con la defensa del uso de medidas educativas y rehabilitadoras que hayan demostrado su eficacia de cara a la disminución de la reincidencia y el aumento de la reinserción.ES

Proteomics of prolamins in Spanish bread wheat landraces with contrasting bread-making quality potential

The present study has comparatively analyzed the quantitative and qualitative prolamin profiles of ‘Richela Blanca’ (RB) and ‘Jeja Pardilla’ (JP), two Spanish bread wheat landraces with the same HMW-GS but markedly different SDS-sedimentation volume (RB > JP), a parameter highly related to bread-making quality. We intend to prove the positive influence of the LMW-GS subunits that can contain the variety RB on the bread-making quality

Proteomics of prolamins in Spanish bread wheat landraces with contrasting bread-making quality potential

The present study has comparatively analyzed the quantitative and qualitative prolamin profiles of ‘Richela Blanca’ (RB) and ‘Jeja Pardilla’ (JP), two Spanish bread wheat landraces with the same HMW-GS but markedly different SDS-sedimentation volume (RB > JP), a parameter highly related to bread-making quality. We intend to prove the positive influence of the LMW-GS subunits that can contain the variety RB on the bread-making quality