FRECUENCIA DE LOS VIRUS PARA INFLUENZA-3, RESPIRATORIO SINCITIALY DIARREA VIRAL BOVINA EN UN REBAÑO MIXTO DE UNA COMUNIDAD CAMPESINA DE CUSCO

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de anticuerpos contra los virus Parainfluenza-3(VPI-3),RespiratorioSincitial (VRS) yDiarreaViral Bovina (VDVB) en un rebaño mixto de la comunidad campesina de la provincia de Calca, Cusco. Se colectaron muestras de sangre de bovinos (n = 66), alpacas ( n=21) y ovinos (n = 152) adultos, aparentemente normales, para la detección de anticuerpos contra estos virus mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. La frecuencia de detección de anticuerpos contraVPI-3, VRS yVDVBfue de 81.8, 87.8 y90.0% en bovinos, de 50.0, 49.3 y 28.3%en ovinos y de 23.8, 4.7 y 15.8% en alpacas. Los títulos de anticuerpos estuvieron en un rango de 2 a >256. Títulos mayores a 256 fueron detectados principalmente en bovinos, seguido de los ovinos. Los resultados indican que los virus en estudio están presentes en el rebaño mixto de la comunidad y podrían tener un rol primario en la presentación de los problemas respiratorios que ocurren en el rebaño.A serologic study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3V), Syncytial Respiratoryvirus (RSV) and BovineViralDiarrhea virus (BVDV) in ruminants raised under harsh environmental conditions and poor management in the highlands ofCusco, Peru. Blood sampleswere collected in cattle (n = 66), alpaca (n = 21), and sheep (n = 152) for antibody detection against PI3V, RSV, and BVDV by serum neutralization test. The prevalence of PI3V, RSV, andBVDVwas 81.8, 87.8, and 90.9% in cattle, 50.0, 49.3, and 28.3% in sheep, and 23.8, 4.7, and 15.8% in alpaca respectively.The antibody titers ranged from2 to >256 and the highest titerswere found in bovine samples. The results indicate that these respiratoryviruses arewidely distributed in the animals of this rural community andmay play a key role in respiratory problems

Quantum Correlations in NMR systems

In conventional NMR experiments, the Zeeman energy gaps of the nuclear spin ensembles are much lower than their thermal energies, and accordingly exhibit tiny polarizations. Generally such low-purity quantum states are devoid of quantum entanglement. However, there exist certain nonclassical correlations which can be observed even in such systems. In this chapter, we discuss three such quantum correlations, namely, quantum contextuality, Leggett-Garg temporal correlations, and quantum discord. In each case, we provide a brief theoretical background and then describe some results from NMR experiments.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure

Mejora del proceso de disposici?n de productos observados en el ?rea de Aseguramiento de Calidad de una empresa PET usando t?cnicas de machine learning

La industria de empaques r?gidos es un sector altamente competitivo en temas de calidad y precio en el Per? y el mundo. Es por ello, que se requiere que las empresas optimicen el uso de sus recursos para poder ofrecer lo que el mercado demanda. El presente trabajo plantea mejorar el proceso de disposici?n de productos observados en el ?rea de Aseguramiento de Calidad a trav?s de un modelo predictivo, resultante de la aplicaci?n de t?cnicas de machine learning y as? disminuir los tiempos que actualmente se emplean en este proceso. Estas t?cnicas son K-NN (k-Nearest Neighbors), M?quinas de soporte vectorial (SVM), Naive Bayes y ?rbol de decisiones. Para su entrenamiento se us? data hist?rica de los a?os 2021 y 2022 la cual fue tratada y definida en conjunto con los especialistas. Como resultado de la evaluaci?n del Accuracy de cada modelo, se pudo concluir que el m?s preciso es el ?rbol de decisiones, la cual podr? ser aplicada a futuro en la empresa para contribuir con la mejora del proceso

Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Latin America—A Systematic Review

Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease characterized by fever, spleen and liver enlargement, and low blood cell counts. In the Americas VL is zoonotic, with domestic dogs as main animal reservoirs, and is caused by the intracellular parasite Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi). Humans acquire the infection through the bite of an infected sand fly. The disease is potentially lethal if untreated. VL is reported from Mexico to Argentina, with recent trends showing a rapid spread in Brazil. Control measures directed against the canine reservoir and insect vectors have been unsuccessful, and early detection and treatment of human cases remains as the most important strategy to reduce case fatality. Well-designed studies evaluating diagnosis, treatment, and prevention/control interventions are scarce. The available scientific evidence reasonably supports the use of rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of human disease. Properly designed randomized controlled trials following good clinical practices are needed to inform drug policy. Routine control strategies against the canine reservoirs and insect vectors are based on weak and conflicting evidence, and vector control strategies and vaccine development should constitute research priorities

Real-Time High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Adhering to and Escaping from the Vasculature of a Living Host

Pathogenic spirochetes are bacteria that cause a number of emerging and re-emerging diseases worldwide, including syphilis, leptospirosis, relapsing fever, and Lyme borreliosis. They navigate efficiently through dense extracellular matrix and cross the blood–brain barrier by unknown mechanisms. Due to their slender morphology, spirochetes are difficult to visualize by standard light microscopy, impeding studies of their behavior in situ. We engineered a fluorescent infectious strain of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease pathogen, which expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP). Real-time 3D and 4D quantitative analysis of fluorescent spirochete dissemination from the microvasculature of living mice at high resolution revealed that dissemination was a multi-stage process that included transient tethering-type associations, short-term dragging interactions, and stationary adhesion. Stationary adhesions and extravasating spirochetes were most commonly observed at endothelial junctions, and translational motility of spirochetes appeared to play an integral role in transendothelial migration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of high resolution 3D and 4D visualization of dissemination of a bacterial pathogen in a living mammalian host, and provides the first direct insight into spirochete dissemination in vivo

Dysregulated Recruitment of the Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 to the Class II Transactivator (CIITA) Promoter IV in Breast Cancer Cells

One mechanism frequently utilized by tumor cells to escape immune system recognition and elimination is suppression of cell surface expression of Major Histocompatibility Class II (MHC II) molecules. Expression of MHC II is regulated primarily at the level of transcription by the Class II Transactivator, CIITA, and decreased CIITA expression is observed in multiple tumor types. We investigate here contributions of epigenetic modifications to transcriptional silencing of CIITA in variants of the human breast cancer cell line MDA MB 435. Significant increases in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation upon IFN-γ stimulation correlate with reductions in transcription factor recruitment to the interferon-γ inducible CIITA promoter, CIITApIV, and with significantly increased CIITApIV occupancy by the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Most compelling is evidence that decreased expression of EZH2 in MDA MB 435 variants results in significant increases in CIITA and HLA-DRA mRNA expression, even in the absence of interferon-γ stimulation, as well as increased cell surface expression of MHC II. Together, these data add mechanistic insight to prior observations of increased EZH2 expression and decreased CIITA expression in multiple tumor types

The role of unhealthy lifestyles in the incidence and persistence of depression: a longitudinal general population study in four emerging countries

BACKGROUND: Unhealthy lifestyles and depression are highly interrelated: depression might elicit and exacerbate unhealthy lifestyles and people with unhealthy lifestyles are more likely to become depressed over time. However, few longitudinal evidence of these relationships has been collected in emerging countries. The present study aims i) to analyse whether people with unhealthy lifestyles are more likely to develop depression, and ii) to examine whether depressed people with unhealthy lifestyles are more likely to remain depressed. A total of 7908 participants from Ghana, India, Mexico and Russia were firstly evaluated in the World Health Organization’s Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 0 (2002–2004) and re-evaluated in 2007–2010 (Wave 1). Data on tobacco use, alcohol drinking and physical activity, were collected. Logistic regressions models were employed to assess whether baseline unhealthy lifestyles were related to depression in Wave 1, among people without 12-month depression in Wave 0 and any previous lifetime diagnosis of depression, and to 12-month depression at both study waves (persistent depression). RESULTS: Baseline daily and non-daily smoking was associated with depression in Wave 1. Low physical activity and heavy alcohol drinking were associated with persistent depression. CONCLUSIONS: Unhealthy lifestyles and depression are also positively related in emerging countries. Smoking on a daily and non-daily basis was longitudinally related to depression. Depressed people with low physical activity and with heavy drinking patterns were more likely to become depressed over time. Several interpretations of these results are given. Further studies should check whether a reduction of these unhealthy lifestyles leads to lower depression rates and/or to a better clinical prognosis of depressed people

Evidence-based Kernels: Fundamental Units of Behavioral Influence

This paper describes evidence-based kernels, fundamental units of behavioral influence that appear to underlie effective prevention and treatment for children, adults, and families. A kernel is a behavior–influence procedure shown through experimental analysis to affect a specific behavior and that is indivisible in the sense that removing any of its components would render it inert. Existing evidence shows that a variety of kernels can influence behavior in context, and some evidence suggests that frequent use or sufficient use of some kernels may produce longer lasting behavioral shifts. The analysis of kernels could contribute to an empirically based theory of behavioral influence, augment existing prevention or treatment efforts, facilitate the dissemination of effective prevention and treatment practices, clarify the active ingredients in existing interventions, and contribute to efficiently developing interventions that are more effective. Kernels involve one or more of the following mechanisms of behavior influence: reinforcement, altering antecedents, changing verbal relational responding, or changing physiological states directly. The paper describes 52 of these kernels, and details practical, theoretical, and research implications, including calling for a national database of kernels that influence human behavior

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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