Prevalencia de Cepas de Virus del Papiloma Humano en Pacientes con Papanicolaous Informados como Anormalidades Epiteliales de Células Escamosas, Tacna 2015 - 2017

Métodos: El presente es un estudio no experimental, de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal. El grupo de estudio fueron 66 mujeres de clase media a alta, a las que mediante la citología convencional se diagnosticó anormalidades epiteliales de células escamosas en cuello uterino, se les realizó colposcopía, toma de biopsias dirigidas, citología en base líquida y captura hibrida para detección y tipificación de Papiloma Virus Humano, entre los años 2015 y 2017. Resultados: El 40.9% se encontró entre 40 a 49 años y 31.9% entre 50 a 59 años. El 46.9% refirió estar casada y el 31.8% como conviviente. El 53% tenía el nivel de instrucción secundaria y 27.2% con instrucción superior universitaria. 37.8% era trabajadora independiente, 33.3% ama de casa y el 28.7% tenía la condición de empleada. Según el diagnóstico por citología cérvico vaginal el 59.1% fue LIE de alto grado, 40.9% con la LIE de bajo grado. En la colposcopía el 81.8% fue LIE de alto grado y el 18.2% en LIE de bajo grado. La de biopsia reveló que el 53% tenían NIC II, 18.2% con NIC I, carcinoma in situ y NIC III con 9.1% respectivamente y 10.6% presentó el diagnóstico de cervicitis. En la captura híbrida para VPH, encontramos que el 34.8% presentó un resultado de positivo para VPH de alto riesgo, el 30.3% positivo para VPH de bajo riesgo y el 34.8% resultó ser negativo para la captura híbrida para VPH. En las pacientes con VPH de alto riesgo, el 52.2% se encontraba en un estadio de NIC II, el 13% con NIC III y un 8.7% con carcinoma in situ. En el grupo con VPH positivo de bajo riesgo, el 40% se encontraba con NIC II, 25% con NIC I. El 10% de este grupo presentó carcinoma in situ. Conclusiones: Podemos observar proporcionalmente que la probabilidad de dar positivo VPH y tener NIC I, NIC II o cáncer in situ es alta. La probabilidad de cáncer in situ estuvo similarmente presente en los grupos de captura híbrida para VPH negativo (8.7%), VPH de bajo riesgo (10%) y VPH de alto riesgo (8.7%). Recomendaciones: Debería incluirse en el protocolo del Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer de cuello uterino, la captura hibrida para detección y tipificación de Papiloma Virus Humano, en mujeres con citología cérvico-vaginal positiva, El Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer de cuello uterino, a nivel nacional, debería manejarse como un ente autónomo del Ministerio de Salud.Tesi

Aplicación de técnicas y hábitos de estudio para mejorar el rendimiento escolar de los alumnos de la Escuela Matías de Córdova.

Aportar un manual de aplicación de técnicas y hábitos de estudio para mejorar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos de la Escuela Matías de Córdova. La educación es un proceso de socialización y endoculturación en las personas a través del cual se desarrollan capacidades físicas e intelectuales, habilidades, destrezas y formas de comportamiento ordenadas con un fin social. El rendimiento escolar se basa en alcanzar la máxima eficiencia en el nivel educativo donde el alumno puede demostrar sus capacidades cognitivas, conceptuales, aptitudinales y de procedimiento, además interviene en el nivel intelectual, variables tanto de personalidad como motivacionales, sin duda es en el rendimiento académico donde se hacen visibles todos los propósitos de crear buenas técnicas y hábitos de estudio. El manual “Aplicación de Técnicas y Hábitos de Estudio para mejorar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos de la Escuela Matías de Córdova, se hizo para que los estudiantes, los maestros y padres de familia tengan acceso a una herramienta que puedan consultar formas efectivas de estudio, técnicas para la enseñanza aprendizaje, estrategias para motivar y disciplinar a los niños, se pretende que con esto todos los estudiantes aprendan a estudiar mejor, en el menor tiempo y poder recordar con rapidez el contenido de las materias. En el trabajo de campo de esta investigación se visitó la Escuela Matías de Córdova, con el fin de llevar a cabo el proceso de recolección de datos, se realizó una observación a los alumnos durante su período de clases donde se mantuvo un acercamiento participativo, el cual se accedió a las problemáticas que inciden en el desenvolvimiento cotidiano de su entorno; la entrevista realizada al alumno, se hizo con el fin de indagar en las actitudes que el niño tiene ante los estudios; los padres de familia colaboraron proporcionando referencias de la forma en que ellos ven a sus hijos durante la etapa escolar y la clase de comunicación que existe; la comunicación con los maestros fue directa y participativa en relación a las inquietudes pedagógicas de los alumnos; para finalizar se aplicó el inventario de Hábitos de estudio, con el objetivo de averiguar sucesos relevantes que limitan en buen desempeño escolar dentro de los ambientes en el que el niño está inmerso. El manual contribuyó a elevar la calidad del proceso formativo en el ámbito de la construcción de valores, actitudes y hábitos positivos, como a la promoción del desarrollo de habilidades intelectuales en todos los estudiantes

Benefits that Asthmatic Patients Receive after the Application of a Physiotherapeutic and Rehabilitative Treatment

Bronchial asthma continues to be the most common chronic disease in childhood. Its prevalence continues to increase despite the fact that effective therapeutic manuals are currently available for the correct management of the main symptoms of the disease. The non-pharmacological treatment of this condition is based on three pillars: education about the disease, guides for professionals and patients, and respiratory physiotherapy. Patients who have regular physiotherapy and rehabilitation treatment have a significant improvement in asthma control, especially if these are practiced under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The benefits that asthmatic patients achieve with physiotherapy and rehabilitation are numerous and one of the most important effects is the positive impact on quality of life

Professional motivation in nursing students, 2016

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, con el objetivo de describir el estado motivacional de los estudiantes de enfermería, en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre del 2015. El universo estuvo constituido por 94 estudiantes de 4º año de Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo; de ellos se seleccionó una muestra de 50 educandos. Se obtuvo como resultado un predominio de los que eligieron la carrera en primera opción (66 %). El 50 % eligió la carrera porque garantiza un nivel económico adecuado. El conocimiento por la profesión fue lo que los motivó a continuar en ella (76 %) y el 54 % opinó que no ejercerían la profesión por el poco reconocimiento profesional que tiene. Prevalecieron los que estudiarían la carrera de medicina si tuvieran la oportunidad (60 %). Se concluye que los educandos no poseen motivación hacia la enfermería, que deciden estudiarla por los beneficios económicos y laborales que proporciona.A prospective descriptive study was carried out, with the objective of describing the motivational status of the nursing students, in the period between January and December 2015. The universe was constituted by 94 students of the 4th year of Bachelor of Nursing from the Medical Sciences of Bayamo; from them, a sample of 50 students was selected. The result was a predominance of those who chose the first option (66 %). A 50 % chose the career because it guarantees an adequate economic level. The knowledge by the profession was what motivated them to continue in it (76 %) and 54 % thought that they would not practice the profession because of the little professional recognition that it has. Those who would study medicine if they had the opportunity prevailed (60 %). It is concluded that the students do not have motivation towards nursing, who decide to study it for the economic and labor benefits it provides

Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder in COVID-19

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a prevalence of 2%–5% in the general population. COVID-19 is regarded as a traumatic agent that can increase the prevalence of this disorder to up to 30%. A documentary review was thus conducted, which included 13 studies on the presence of PTSD in patients who have survived COVID-19 infection and the possible associated factors. Female and young age, as well as other aspects associated with economic losses or living alone, could influence the appearance of this psychological sequela. A preventive mental healthcare program could be implemented during infection in such patients with COVID-19 who show the characteristics described in most studies

Uso de la acupuntura para el manejo del dolor por osteoartritis y displasia de cadera en caninos domésticos: Revisión integradora y síntesis de la evidencia científica global, 2000-2022

Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexadaAntecedentes: La acupuntura es una técnica alternativa no farmacológica con efectos adversos mínimos que es usada para el tratamiento de diversas patologías. Existe evidencia de su uso en humanos y animales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar y sintetizar la evidencia sobre el uso de la acupuntura y variantes para el dolor en displasia de cadera y osteoartritis en caninos domésticos. Métodos: A partir de la pregunta PICO definida, realizamos una búsqueda electrónica en 5 bases de datos (Google Académico, Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect y Web of Science), para identificar estudios sobre la aplicación de la acupuntura para el manejo del dolor en casos de osteoartritis y displasia de cadera en caninos domésticos. También incorporamos elementos metodológicos, herramientas y estrategias de otras formas de revisión y síntesis de evidencia cuando fue posible. Resultados: De los 241 artículos inicialmente identificados, 30 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y de estos destacaron los siguientes: 3 fueron revisiones sistemáticas, 3 literatura gris, 2 se centraron en implantes de oro, 2 en electro acupuntura y laserpuntura, y 13 en acupuntura y su aplicación para el manejo del dolor. Los artículos finalmente seleccionados se presentan en tablas de resumen y en texto integrado en forma de síntesis con su correspondiente crítica y discusión. Conclusiones: La aplicación de la acupuntura muestra ser beneficioso, ya que se encontraron resultados positivos para el manejo del dolor en caninos domésticos con displasia de cadera y osteoartritis. Sin embargo, esta técnica no reemplazaría a los tratamientos médicos convencionales, ya que las mejoras en los pacientes resultaron como parte del tratamiento multimodal para reducir el dolor y mejorar la calidad de vida del animal. Existen consideraciones metodológicas importantes en los estudios revisados, los cuales conllevan a valorar con cuidado sus resultados; pero que también pueden servir como base para proponer y ejecutar futuros mejores estudios en esta área.Background: Acupuncture is an alternative non-pharmacological technique with minimal adverse effects that is used for the treatment of various pathologies. There is evidence of its use in humans and animals. The aim of this review was gather, synthesize and discuss the evidence on the use of acupuncture and its variants for pain in hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis in domestic canines. Methods: Based on the defined PICO question, we conducted an electronic search in 5 databases (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science), to identify studies on the application of acupuncture for pain management in cases of osteoarthritis and hip dysplasia in domestic canines. We also incorporated methodological elements, tools, and strategies from other forms of evidence review and synthesis where possible. Results: Of the 241 articles initially identified, 30 met the inclusion criteria and of these the following stood out: 3 were systematic reviews, 3 gray literature, 2 focused on gold implants, 2 on electroacupuncture and laser puncture, and 13 on acupuncture and its application for pain management. The finally selected articles are presented in summary tables and in integrated text in the form of a synthesis with its corresponding critique and discussion. Conclusions: The application of acupuncture shows to be beneficial, since positive results were found for pain management in domestic dogs with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. However, this technique would not replace conventional medical treatments, as improvements in patients resulted as part of multimodal treatment to reduce pain and improve the animal's quality of life. There are important methodological considerations in the reviewed studies, which lead to carefully assess their results; but that can also serve as a basis for proposing and carrying out future better studies in this area.Trabajo de investigació

Prophylactic properties of a Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis

In this work, the effect of vaccination of a newly described Leishmania infantum antigenic protein has been studied in BALB/c mice infected with this parasite species. The LiHyD protein was characterized after a proteomic screening performed with the sera from dogs suffering visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Its recombinant version was expressed, purified and administered to BALB/c mice in combination with saponin. As a result of vaccination and 10 weeks after challenge using an infective dose of L. infantum stationary promastigotes, vaccinated mice showed lower parasite burdens in different organs (liver, spleen, bone marrow and footpads' draining lymph nodes) than mice inoculated with the adjuvant alone or the vaccine diluent. Protected mice showed anti-Leishmania IgG2a antibodies and a predominant IL-12-driven IFN-γ production (mainly produced by CD4 T cells) against parasite proteins, whereas unprotected controls showed anti-Leishmania IgG1 antibodies and parasite-mediated IL-4 and IL-10 responses. Vaccinated mice showed an anti-LiHyD IgG2a humoral response, and their spleen cells were able to secrete LiHyD-specific IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF cytokines before and after infection. The protection was correlated with the Leishmania-specific production on nitric oxide. Altogether, the results indicate that the new LiHyD protein could be considered in vaccine formulations against VL.Instituto Nacional de Ci^encia e Tecnologia em Nano-biofarmac^eutica (INCT-NanoBiofar), FAPEMIG (CBB-APQ-00819-12 and CBB-APQ-01778-2014) and CNPq (APQ-482976/2012-8, APQ-488237/2013-0 and APQ-467640/2014-9). In addition, this study was partially funded by the Spanish grant from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-FEDER (FIS PI14/00366 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III)Peer Reviewe

"Review: Application of Bioequivalence Testing of Medicines in Peru"

"This is a review of the current status of drug bioequivalence studies in Peru. A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed (Medline database) for bioequivalence studies in Peru. Generic drugs constitute the basis of pharmacological requests in health care systems in Latin American countries. Peru has enacted laws and regulations that require bioequivalence studies of high health risk drugs and exemptions, based on international legislation, to be conducted in research centers accredited by the authority of Health. There is a list of 19 drugs that must demonstrate their therapeutic equivalence through in vivo or in vitro studies, of which 13 have shown bioequivalence in vivo, and 8 of those have shown bioequivalence in vitro. There is a challenge for health authorities to enforce the current legislation and an even greater challenge for pharmaceutical laboratories to demonstrate bioequivalence of multi-source drugs with the reference drug.

A Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein expressed in both promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum employed for the serodiagnosis of, and as a vaccine candidate against, visceral leishmaniasis

Background: LiHyV is an antigenic hypothetical protein present in both promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum, which was recently identified by an immunoproteomic approach. A recombinant version of this protein (rLiHyV) was evaluated as a diagnostic marker for canine VL (CVL). In addition, the prophylactic efficacy of the rLiHyV protein, and two of its CD8+ T cell epitopes, has been analyzed in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Methods: Initially, the rLiHyV protein was evaluated by an ELISA technique for the serodiagnosis of CVL. Secondly, vaccines composed of the recombinant protein and both chemically synthesized peptides, combined with saponin as an adjuvant; were administered subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. The cellular and humoral responses generated by vaccination were evaluated. In addition, the parasite burden and immune response were studied 10 weeks after L. infantum infection. Results: The rLiHyV protein was recognized by antibodies of VL dogs. No cross-reactivity was obtained with sera from dogs vaccinated with a Brazilian commercial vaccine, with sera from animals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis, or those from non-infected animals living in an endemic area for leishmaniasis. After challenge with L. infantum, spleen cells of BALB/c mice vaccinated with rLiHyV/saponin stimulated with parasite antigens showed a higher production of IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF, than the same cells obtained from mice vaccinated with the individual peptides, or mice from control (inoculated with saline or saponin) groups. This Th1-type cellular response observed in rLiHyV/saponin vaccinated mice was accompanied by the induction of parasite-specific IgG2a isotype antibodies. Animals immunized with rLiHyV/saponin showed significant reductions in the parasite burden in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and in the lymph nodes draining the paws relative to control mice. Conclusions: The present study showed for the first time that the L. infantum LiHyV protein could be considered as a vaccine candidate against L. infantum infection, as well as a diagnostic marker for CVLThis work was supported by grants from Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nanobiofarmacêutica (INCT-Nanobiofar), FAPEMIG (CBB-APQ-00819-12), and CNPq (APQ-472090/2011-9, RHAE-456287/2012-4, APQ-482976/2012-8, and APQ-488237/2013-0). MACF is a grant recipient of FAPEMIG/CAPES. EAFC and APF are grant recipient of CNP

A Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein expressed in both promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum employed for the serodiagnosis of, and as a vaccine candidate against, visceral leishmaniasis

Background: LiHyV is an antigenic hypothetical protein present in both promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum, which was recently identified by an immunoproteomic approach. A recombinant version of this protein (rLiHyV) was evaluated as a diagnostic marker for canine VL (CVL). In addition, the prophylactic efficacy of the rLiHyV protein, and two of its CD8+ T cell epitopes, has been analyzed in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Methods: Initially, the rLiHyV protein was evaluated by an ELISA technique for the serodiagnosis of CVL. Secondly, vaccines composed of the recombinant protein and both chemically synthesized peptides, combined with saponin as an adjuvant; were administered subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. The cellular and humoral responses generated by vaccination were evaluated. In addition, the parasite burden and immune response were studied 10 weeks after L. infantum infection. Results: The rLiHyV protein was recognized by antibodies of VL dogs. No cross-reactivity was obtained with sera from dogs vaccinated with a Brazilian commercial vaccine, with sera from animals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis, or those from non-infected animals living in an endemic area for leishmaniasis. After challenge with L. infantum, spleen cells of BALB/c mice vaccinated with rLiHyV/saponin stimulated with parasite antigens showed a higher production of IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF, than the same cells obtained from mice vaccinated with the individual peptides, or mice from control (inoculated with saline or saponin) groups. This Th1-type cellular response observed in rLiHyV/saponin vaccinated mice was accompanied by the induction of parasite-specific IgG2a isotype antibodies. Animals immunized with rLiHyV/saponin showed significant reductions in the parasite burden in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and in the lymph nodes draining the paws relative to control mice. Conclusions: The present study showed for the first time that the L. infantum LiHyV protein could be considered as a vaccine candidate against L. infantum infection, as well as a diagnostic marker for CVL.This work was supported by grants from Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nanobiofarmacêutica (INCT-Nanobiofar), FAPEMIG (CBB-APQ-00819-12), and CNPq (APQ-472090/2011-9, RHAE-456287/2012-4, APQ-482976/2012-8, and APQ-488237/2013-0). MACF is a grant recipient of FAPEMIG/CAPES. EAFC and APF are grant recipient of CNPq.Peer Reviewe