Ten principles to integrate the water-energy-land nexus with climate services for co-producing local and regional integrated assessments

The water-energy-land nexus requires long-sighted approaches that help avoid maladaptive pathways to ensure its promise to deliver insights and tools that improve policy-making. Climate services can form the foundation to avoid myopia in nexus studies by providing information about how climate change will alter the balance of nexus resources and the nature of their interactions. Nexus studies can help climate services by providing information about the implications of climate-informed decisions for other economic sectors across nexus resources. First-of-its-kind guidance is provided to combine nexus studies and climate services. The guidance consists of ten principles and a visual guide, which are discussed together with questions to compare diverse case studies and with examples to support the application of the principles

An evaluating methodology for hydrotechnical torrent-control structures condition

Watershed management using torrent-control structures is an activity having more than 100 years history in Romania, So far, researches regarding works behaviour in service focused mainly on defining and assessing each damage type, without studying the inte-raction between them. Thus, damage classification criteria were substantiated taking into account nature and strength of the damages. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the condition of hydrotechnical structures by quantifying the cumulative effects of damages which occur with a significant frequency during their service. The model was created using a database, nationwide representative, with 3845 torrent-control structures. The identified damage types identified were weighted using multi-criteria analysis. Depending on the weight and strength off all damages occurred was calculated an indicator named 'condition rate' (Ys). This new parameter may be used to track the impact of different features (structure age, components sizes, the position in the system, the construction materials, riverbed slope, geology of the area, etc.) on the condition of structures. By establishing the condition rate for all the structures within a collectivity (an entire watershed or catchment area, a single watercourse, a battery of works etc.), there may be made an analysis and a grading both at individual level and population-wide level, which lead to order the repairs or additions of new structures to existing hydrotechnical systems. Also, the model designed can be a part of a monitoring system regarding torrent-control structures, answering, thus, the requirements on this issue of the 'National Strategy for Flood Risk Management' approved by the Romanian Government in 2010.</span

Meteorological data collected at the Tarlung reservoir, located in the centre of Romania

This data was obtained from the project CLISWELN funded by ERA4CS. ERA4CS is an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and CLISWELN is funded by BMBF (DE),UEFISCDI (RO), BMBWF and FFG (AT), and MINECO (ES), with co-funding from the European Union (Grant690462) The meteorological daily data registered outside and inside of the forest and consist of precipitations, air temperature, air humidity, photon flux, solar radiation, wind speed and direction and soil moisture. This data has been used in SWAT hydrological model