Root-Associated Fungal Communities in Two Populations of the Fully Mycoheterotrophic Plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in Southern Chile

The microbiological interactions of the roots of non-photosynthetic plants in South America have been scarcely explored. This study analyzes culturable fungal diversity associated with the mycoheterotrophic plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in southern Chile, growing in two different understoreys of native (Nothofagus-dominated) and mixed forest (native, Cupressus sempervirens, and Pinus radiata). Rhizospheric and endophytic fungi were isolated, cultured, and purified to identify microorganisms associated with A. uniflora roots. We showed the different fungi associated with the plant, and that these distributions are influenced by the sampling site. We isolated 410 fungal strains (144 endophytic and 266 from the rhizosphere). We identified 13 operative taxonomical units from plants sampled in the mixed forest, while 15 were from the native forest. Rhizospheric microorganisms were mainly related to Penicillium spp., whereas some pathogenic and saprophytic strains were more frequent inside the roots. Our results have also shown that the fungal strains are weak for phosphate solubilization, but other pathways such as organic acid exudation and indole acetic acid production can be considered as major mechanisms to stimulate plant growth. Our results point to new fungal associates of A. uniflora plants reported in Andean ecosystems, identifying new beneficial endophytic fungi associated with roots of this fully mycoheterotrophic plant.This research was funded by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT), grant number 1170931 to C.A. (Cesar Arriagada) and Fondo De Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT), grant number VIU17E0185 to H.H. (Hector Herrera)

Late Cretaceous – early Eocene counterclockwise rotation of the Fueguian Andes and evolution of the Patagonia-Antarctic Peninsula system

International audienceThe southernmost Andes of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego present a prominent arc-shaped structure: the Patagonian Bend. Whether the bending is a primary curvature or an orocline is still matter of controversy. New paleomagnetic data have been obtained south of the Beagle Channel in 39 out of 61 sites. They have been drilled in Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sediments and interbedded volcanics and in mid-Cretaceous to Eocene intrusives of the Fuegian Batholith. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility was measured at each site and the influence of magnetic fabric on the characteristic remanent magnetizations (ChRM) in plutonic rocks was corrected using inverse tensors of anisotropy of remanent magnetizations. Normal polarity secondary magnetizations with west-directed declination were obtained in the sediments and they did not pass the fold test. Thesecharacteristic directions are similar to those recorded by mid Cretaceous intrusivessuggesting a remagnetization event during the normal Cretaceous superchron and describea large (>90°) counterclockwise rotation. Late Cretaceous to Eocene rocks of the FueguianBatholith, record decreasing counterclockwise rotations of 45° to 30°. These paleomagneticresults are interpreted as evidence of a large counterclockwise rotation of the FueguianAndes related to the closure of the Rocas Verdes Basin and the formation of the DarwinCordillera during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene.The tectonic evolution of the Patagonian Bend can thus be described as theformation of a progressive arc from an oroclinal stage during the closure of the RocasVerdes basin to a mainly primary arc during the final stages of deformation of theMagallanes fold and thrust belt. Plate reconstructions show that the Antarctic Peninsulawould have formed a continuous margin with Patagonia between the Early Cretaceous andthe Eocene, and acted as a non-rotational rigid block facilitating the development of thePatagonian Bend

Desarrollo de un prototipo de sistema de gestion de pago de multas de transito a traves de Internet.

80 p.El actual Sistema de Gestión de Pago de Multas de Tránsito (SGPM), se percibe como un servicio ineficiente por parte de sus usuarios. Este proyecto busca levantar esta ineficiencia mediante la incorporación de tecnologías de información. Se propone incorporar una alternativa de cancelación de multas de tránsito, a través de Internet. Esta alternativa de pago nace de la construcción de un prototipo de SGPM sobre la plataforma Internet. Como resultado del proyecto se aspira disponer de un prototipo donde los infractores podrán realizar pagos y enviar cartas de apelación, las autoridades realizarán funciones acordes a sus cargos, y tanto los usuarios como las autoridades, podrán revisar estadísticas de infracciones, con el fin de mejorar la calidad del servicio y obtener como resultado un sistema más eficiente que el actual. Se trata de un sitio web en el cual se puedan realizar acciones que tradicionalmente se prolongan en el tiempo. Por ejemplo, si el infractor quiere cancelar o apelar por alguna infracción necesitará un computador con características propias para conectarse a Internet y realizar la transacción del pago del parte (para lo cual deberá tener su correspondiente tarjeta de crédito o de débito), o consultar información relevante sobre la infracción cometida. Las autoridades por su parte, deberán contar con dispositivos (servidores, computadores y programas) en las debidas entidades (Juzgado de Policía Local, los Retenes de Carabineros y en las Municipalidades). Para la construcción del prototipo, se aplicó la Metodología de Desarrollo de Software con Apoyo a la Gestión, donde se concibe la idea, se definen los objetivos del sitio, la audiencia y lo que se pretende lograr con el sitio, de acuerdo a los requerimientos iniciales. La construcción propiamente tal se dividió en construcción de base de datos (construcción física de la base, desarrollo de procedimientos almacenados y definición de perfiles de usuarios) y construcción de la aplicación, incluyendo la arquitectura de información del sitio y la interfaz establecidas. El sitio fue creado en formato HTML, lenguaje que permite generar documentos hipertexto y utilizar recursos disponibles en el World Wide Web. Los softwares utilizados para la creación del sitio son Oracle Application Server y Dreamweaver 3.0. De esta manera se creó un prototipo que busca modernizar el actual Sistema Gestión Pago de Multas de Tránsito, con el fin de aumentar la productividad de los funcionarios del juzgado y mejorar la prestación de servicios que brindan en materia de infracciones de tránsito

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 Peptidoglycan Modulates the Inflammation-Coagulation Response Triggered by Poly(I:C) in the Respiratory Tract

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 beneficially modulates the inflammation-coagulation response during respiratory viral infections. This study evaluated the capacity of the peptidoglycan obtained from the CRL1505 strain (PG-Lr1505) to modulate the immuno-coagulative response triggered by the viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern poly(I:C) in the respiratory tract. Adult BALB/c mice were nasally treated with PG-Lr1505 for two days. Treated and untreated control mice were then nasally challenged with poly(I:C). Mice received three doses of poly(I:C) with a 24 h rest period between each administration. The immuno-coagulative response was studied after the last administration of poly(I:C). The challenge with poly(I:C) significantly increased blood and respiratory pro-inflammatory mediators, decreased prothrombin activity (PT), and increased von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels in plasma. Furthermore, tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and thrombomodulin (TM) expressions were increased in the lungs. PG-Lr1505-treated mice showed significant modulation of hemostatic parameters in plasma (PT in %, Control = 71.3 ± 3.8, PG-Lr1505 = 94.0 ± 4.0, p < 0.01) and lungs. Moreover, PG-Lr1505-treated mice demonstrated reduced TF in F4/80 cells from lungs, higher pro-inflammatory mediators, and increased IL-10 compared to poly(I:C) control mice (IL-10 in pg/mL, Control = 379.1 ± 12.1, PG-Lr1505 = 483.9 ± 11.3, p < 0.0001). These changes induced by PG-Lr1505 correlated with a significant reduction in lung tissue damage. Complementary in vitro studies using Raw 264.7 cells confirmed the beneficial effect of PG-Lr1505 on poly(I:C)-induced inflammation, since increased IL-10 expression, as well as reduced damage, production of inflammatory mediators, and hemostatic parameter expressions were observed. In addition, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) activation in lungs and Raw 264.7 cells was observed after TLR3 stimulation, which was differentially modulated by PG-Lr1505. The peptidoglycan from L. rhamnosus CRL1505 is able to regulate inflammation, the procoagulant state, and PAR1 activation in mice and macrophages in the context of the activation of TLR3 signaling pathways, contributing to a beneficial modulation of inflammation-hemostasis crosstalk.Fil: Zelaya, María Hortensia del Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Arellano Arriagada, Luciano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Fukuyama, Kohtaro. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Matsumoto, Kaho. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Marranzino, Gabriela. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Namai, Fu. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Salva, Maria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; ArgentinaFil: Kitazawa, Haruki. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Stress induced phosphoprotein 1 overexpression controls proliferation, migration and invasion and is associated with poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: Although there have been remarkable achievements in the molecular landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in recent years, bringing advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis, development and progression, little has been applied in the prognosis and choosing the optimal treatment. In this study, we explored the influence of the stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), which is frequently reported to be highly expressed in many cancers, in OSCCs. Methods: STIP1 expression was assessed in the TCGA database and in two independent cohorts by immunohistochemistry. Knockdown strategy was applied in OSCC cell lines to determine the impact of STIP1 on viability, proliferation, migration and invasion. The zebrafish model was applied for studying tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. The association of STIP1 and miR-218-5p was explored by bioinformatics and mimics transfection. Results: STIP1 was highly expressed in OSCCs and significantly associated with shortened survival and higher risk of recurrence. STIP1 down-regulation decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells, and reduced the number of metastases in the Zebrafish model. STIP1 and miR-218-5p were inversely expressed, and the transfection of miR-218-5p mimics into OSCC cells decreased STIP1 levels as well as proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion: Our findings show that STIP1 overexpression, which is inversely associated with miR-218-5p levels, contributes to OSCC aggressiveness by controlling proliferation, migration and invasion and is a determinant of poor prognosis.Peer reviewe

Valoración Wal-Mart Chile S.A.

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN FINANZASMora Arriagada, Cesar, [Parte I mediante métodos de múltiplos], Leyton Valdés, Juan, [Parte II mediante métodos de flujo de caja descontado]El presente informe tiene por objetivo realizar la valoración económica de la empresa Wal- Mart Chile S.A. mediante el método de múltiplos comparables. Wal-Mart Chile S.A. es uno de los principales actores en la Industria de Retail en Chile, con más de 60 años de historia en el mercado, sus negocios se centran enla operación de supermercados a través de una estrategia multiformatos, también opera en el negocio Financiero a través de la Sociedad Wal-Mart Chile Servicios financieros y desarrolla proyectos inmobiliarios bajo su filial Wal-Mart Chile Inmobiliaria. Actualmente cuenta con más de 380 Supermercados, 12 Centros Comerciales y más de 1,56 Millones de cuentas vigentes en su tarjeta de Crédito LíderMaterCard, siendo las ventas al detalle el principal negocio de la compañía. Para la valoración de la empresa se consideró la información financiera pública correspondiente al periodo entre el 31 de diciembre de 2012 al 30 de junio de 2016, lo anterior dado que hasta esta última fecha existe información publicada por la empresa en Chile, ya que en junio de 2016canceló voluntariamente su registro de la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros. La información recopilada se utiliza como entrada para el cálculo de la tasa de costo de capital y para la proyección de los flujos de caja del periodo comprendido entre 2016 (segundo semestre) y 2020. Finalmente, con el método de flujos de caja descontados se obtuvo para la empresa Wal-Mart Chile S.A.Un precio estimado por acción de $528,81 al 30 de junio de 2016.El presente informe tiene por objetivo realizar la valoración económica de la empresa Wal- Mart Chile S.A. mediante el método de flujos de caja descontados. Wal-Mart Chile S.A. es uno de los principales actores en la Industria de Retail en Chile, con más de 60 años de historia en el mercado, sus negocios se centran enla operación de supermercados a través de una estrategia multiformatos, también opera en el negocio Financiero a través de la Sociedad Wal-Mart Chile Servicios financieros y desarrolla proyectos inmobiliarios bajo su filial Wal-Mart Chile Inmobiliaria. Actualmente cuenta con más de 380 Supermercados, 12 Centros Comerciales y más de 1,56 Millones de cuentas vigentes en su tarjeta de Crédito Líder MaterCard, siendo las ventas al detalle el principal negocio de la compañía. Para la valoración de la empresa se consideró la información financiera pública correspondiente al periodo entre el 31 de diciembre de 2012 al 30 de junio de 2016, lo anterior dado que hasta esta última fecha existe información publicada por la empresa en Chile, ya que en junio de 2016 canceló voluntariamente su registro de la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros. La información recopilada se utiliza como entrada para el cálculo de la tasa de costo de capital y para la proyección de los flujos de caja del periodo comprendido entre 2016 (segundo semestre) y 2020. Finalmente, con el método de flujos de caja descontados se obtuvo para la empresa Wal-Mart Chile S.A.Un precio estimado por acción de$528,81 al 30 de junio de 2016

The open scars of Latin America: The Bolivian Orocline as a basament-related hinge, and the influence of accreted terranes on the paleomagnetic rotational patterns of the Chilean forearc

International audienceWe made a paleomagnetic study in two separate zones of the Chilean forearc, between 18-22ºS and between 28-32ºS, sampling igneous and sedimentary rocks with ages ranging from Triassic to Miocene. More than 500 samples showed a stable magnetization, with hematite and magnetite being the principal carriers of magnetism. The rotation pattern obtained, added to previously published paleomagnetic data, show a continuous database for the Chilean forearc, between 19 and 35ºS, allowing us to separate distinct patterns in 4 major rotational zones: (1) Between 18-19.5ºS there is a strong anticlockwise rotational pattern, in agreement with the data known in southern Peru. (2) Between 19.5-22.5ºS, there is little to no rotation, with the southern limit being related to a major structural feature: The Antofagasta–Calama Lineament. (3) Between 22.5-29ºS there is a strong clockwise rotation pattern of nearly 30º. (4) Between 29-32ºS there is again a little to non-rotational pattern, in the area of the Pampean flat-slab. Overlapping these zones and the recognized accreted terranes boundaries shows a clear spatial relation between these and the limits of the rotated zones. We propose that the limits of this rotational domains can be linked to basament hinge-like weakness zones that helped to create the margin curvatures observed today. Under this model, the bolivian orocline would be the result of the opening of a hinge, helped by other geodynamics features like sea mountains and ridges, at the limit between the old accreted paleozoic terranes of Antofalla and Arequipa

Fungal and Bacterial Microbiome Associated with the Rhizosphere of Native Plants from the Atacama Desert

The rhizosphere microbiome is key in survival, development, and stress tolerance in plants. Salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures are frequent events in the Atacama Desert, considered the driest in the world. However, little information of the rhizosphere microbiome and its possible contribution to the adaptation and tolerance of plants that inhabit the desert is available. We used a high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach to explore the composition, diversity, and functions of fungal and bacterial communities of the rhizosphere of Baccharis scandens and Solanum chilense native plants from the Atacama Desert. Our results showed that the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in the rhizosphere of both plants. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LefSe) of the rhizosphere communities associated with B. scandens showed the genera Penicillium and Arthrobacter were the preferential taxa, whereas the genera Oidiodendron and Nitrospirae was the preferential taxa in S. chilense. Both plant showed similar diversity, richness, and abundance according to Shannon index, observed OTUs, and evenness. Our results indicate that there are no significant differences (p = 0.1) between the fungal and bacterial communities of both plants, however through LefSe, we find taxa associated with each plant species and the PCoA shows a separation between the samples of each species. This study provides knowledge to relate the assembly of the microbiome to the adaptability to drought stress in desert plants