Importancia de la higiene oral como medida preventiva frente a posibles complicaciones por COVID-19.

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Use of honey of Apis mellifera on base agar to differentiate bacterial strains with oxidative- fermenting characteristic

Objective: To evaluate the use of Apis mellifera (honey) on base agar as an oxidant-carbohydrate fermentor differentiator in strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of honey was carried out. Using agar with bee honey as an oxidative-fermenter differentiator, use 96 culture tubes containing 10 ml of randomized base agar and divided into four groups of 24 tubes: group I base agar with honey and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, group II agar base with honey and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212, group III agar OF (basal medium according to Hugh and Leifson, Merck) with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and group IV agar OF with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212; being the standard OF agar. Two evaluation criteria were considered: Oxidation and Fermentation of carbohydrates. Results: Bee honey has alkaloids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. The qualifier of Good (100%) was determined for the grip with honey and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and agar with honey and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212; compared with the agar OF. Conclusion: The use of agar with honey of Apis mellifera has been shown as good as an alternative to agar OF (Basal medium according to Hugh and Leifson) to differentiate Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212 as oxidants and carbohydrate fermentors.Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega

Apreciación de la estética dental e impacto psicosocial asociados a la presencia de alteraciones cromáticas y de oclusión en jóvenes estudiantes de ciencias de la salud, Lima – 2017

Objective. To establish the association between the appreciation and psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics with the presence of chromatic alterations and occlusion in young students of health sciences. Material and methods. The study was prospective, cross-sectional, observational and correlational. The sample size was 326 students from 16 to 28 years of age belonging of the Federico Villarreal National University. The subjective evaluations were measured through the Psychosocial Impact Questionnaire of the dental aesthetics (PIDAQ) and for the appreciation, dental photographs of the previous sector were taken and these were presented on a digital tablet, where the participants rated the aesthetics of the color and position of your teeth by Likert scal. Likewise, alterations in occlusion were evaluated using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and chromatic alterations, caused by enamel defects, using the Enamel Defects Index (IDDEm). Results. The chromatic characteristics, of irregularity and dental occlusion on the esthetic appreciation, were statistically significant (p<0.01); however, with the characteristics of spacing, not association was found (p=1.00). The PIDAQ increased with the DAI score, showing a very significant positive relationship (p<0.01). The IDDEm with PIDAQ, there was an association (p<0.01) except for the "Social" dimension. Conclusion. Minor irregularities are better accepted; as these are more severe, an unpleasant appreciation increases, generating even a greater psychosocial impact on the quality of life.Objetivo. Establecer la asociación entre la apreciación e impacto psicosocial de la estética dental con la presencia de alteraciones cromáticas y de oclusión en jóvenes estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Material y métodos. El estudio fue prospectivo, transversal, observacional y correlacional. La muestra fue de 326 estudiantes de 16 a 28 años de edad pertenecientes a la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Las evaluaciones subjetivas fueron medidas a través del Cuestionario de Impacto psicosocial de la estética dental (PIDAQ) y para la apreciación, se les tomaron fotografías dentales del sector anterior y éstas se presentaron en una tableta digital, donde los participantes calificaron la estética del color y posición de sus dientes mediante escala Likert. Así mismo se evaluó alteraciones de oclusión mediante el Índice de Estética dental (DAI) y alteraciones cromáticas, causadas por defectos del esmalte, mediante el Índice de Defectos del Esmalte (IDDEm). Resultados. Las características cromáticas, de irregularidad y oclusión dental sobre la apreciación estética, fueron estadísticamente significativos (p<0.01); no obstante, con las características de espaciamiento no se halló asociación (p=1.00). El PIDAQ aumento con el puntaje DAI, mostrando una relación positiva muy significativa (p<0.01). El IDDEm con PIDAQ, hubo asociación (p<0.01) excepto con la dimensión “Social”. Conclusión. Las irregularidades mínimas son mejor aceptadas; a medida que éstas son más severas, aumenta una apreciación desagradable generando incluso un mayor impacto psicosocial en la calidad de vida

Uso de la miel de Apis mellifera en agar base para diferenciar cepas bacterianas con característica oxidativa-fermentadora

Métodos: Se realizó un tamizaje fitoquímico preliminar de la miel de abeja. Para evaluar el uso del agar con miel de abeja como diferenciador oxidativo-fermentador, se emplearon 96 tubos de cultivo que contienen 10 mL de agar base aleatorizadas y divididas en cuatro grupos de 24 tubos: grupo I agar base con miel y Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, grupo II agar base con miel y Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212, grupo III agar OF (Basal Medium acc. To Hugh and Leifson, Merck) con Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, y el grupo IV agar OF con Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212; siendo el agar OF estándar. Se consideraron dos criterios de evaluación: Oxidación y Fermentación de los carbohidratos. Resultados: La miel de abeja presenta alcaloides, triterpenoides y compuestos fenólicos. Se determinó el calificativo de Bueno (100%) para el agar con miel de abeja y Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, y agar con miel de abeja y Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212; comparado con el agar OF. Conclusión: El uso del agar con miel de Apis mellifera (miel de abeja) ha evidenciado ser bueno como alternativa al agar OF (Basal Medium acc. To Hugh and Leifson) para diferenciar Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 y Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212 como oxidantes y fermentadoras de carbohidratos.Objective: To evaluate the use of Apis mellifera (honey) on base agar as an oxidant-carbohydrate fermentor differentiator in strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of honey was carried out. Using agar with bee honey as an oxidative-fermenter differentiator, use 96 culture tubes containing 10 ml of randomized base agar and divided into four groups of 24 tubes: group I base agar with honey and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, group II agar base with honey and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212, group III agar OF (basal medium according to Hugh and Leifson, Merck) with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and group IV agar OF with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212; being the standard OF agar. Two evaluation criteria were considered: Oxidation and Fermentation of carbohydrates. Results: Bee honey has alkaloids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. The qualifier of Good (100%) was determined for the grip with honey and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and agar with honey and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212; compared with the agar OF. Conclusion: The use of agar with honey of Apis mellifera has been shown as good as an alternative to agar OF (Basal medium according to Hugh and Leifson) to differentiate Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212 as oxidants and carbohydrate fermentors

Microleakage in indirect onlay restorations cemented with three different types of adhesives: an in vitro study

To evaluate the in vitro degree of marginal microleakage in indirect Class II onlay restorations cemented with dual self-adhesive, universal adhesive and dual adhesive.In the present in vitro experimental study, a total of 54 human premolar teeth were prepared and divided into three equal groups (n = 18) for placement of onlay-type restorations cemented with A: Allcem™ dual-cure adhesive cement), B: RelyX™U200 dual-cure self-adhesive cement and C: RelyX™ Ultimate universal adhesive cement. All restorations were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C and immersed in a 1M silver nitrate solution for 6 hours. The crowns were then sectioned mesiodistally and observed under a stereo microscope to determine the degree of marginal microleakage in the cervical area.The onlay restorations cemented with RelyX Ultimate did not present microleakage in the majority of cases (77.8%). Restorations cemented with RelyX U200 showed predominantly microleakage up to the pulp floor in 83.3% of the total, being this significantly higher microleakage than in restorations cemented with RelyX Ultimate and Allcem Dual (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). There was no significant difference in microleakage between the last two mentioned cements (p=0.255) Allcem dual adhesive cement and RelyX Ultimate universal adhesive showed significantly less microleakage than RelyX U200 dual-curing self-adhesive cement at the cervical level, with predominantly no microleakage and microleakage down to the enamel, respectively. The use of RelyX Ultimate cement in indirect restorations is recommended as it showed better marginal adaptation

Effect of Additional Dry Heat Curing on Microflexural Strength in Three Types of Resin Composite: An In Vitro Study

Aim: Additional dry heat curing is a method that favorably influences the mechanical properties of an indirect resin composite restoration. Microflexural strength is a property currently applied for the evaluation of indirect resin composite restorations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of additional dry heat curing on microflexural strength in three types of direct-use resin composites. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study consisted of 70 resin composites samples made with a 6 × 2 × 1 mm metal matrix and divided into seven experimental groups, which included Gr1a: Tetric N-Ceram without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr1b: Tetric N-Ceram with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr 2a: Filtek Z350 XT without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr2b: Filtek Z350 XT with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr3a: Filtek Z250 without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr3b: Filtek Z250 with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); and Gr4: SR Nexco Paste (control) without additional dry heat curing (n = 10). The samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. A universal testing machine with a 2000 N load cell at a speed of 1 mm/min was used to assess flexural strength. The data were analyzed with a parametric ANOVA test with Tukey’s post hoc intergroup factor (for groups without heat treatment) and a nonparametric Kruskall Wallis test with Bonferroni’s post hoc (for groups with heat treatment). In addition, the comparison of independent groups in each resin composite type with and without heat treatment was performed with a Mann Whitney U test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered. Results: The Filtek Z250 resin composite with and without additional dry heat curing presented the highest microflexural strength values with 137.27 ± 24.43 MPa and 121.32 ± 9.74 MPa, respectively, while the SR Nexco Paste (control) resin composite presented the lowest microflexural strength values with 86.06 ± 14.34 MPa compared to all the resin composites with additional dry heat curing. The Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350XT resin composites with and without additional dry heat curing presented significantly higher microflexural strength versus the SR Nexco (p < 0.05) and Tetric N-Ceram (p < 0.05) resin composites. In addition, the Filtek Z350XT and Tetric N-Ceram resin composites with additional dry heat curing showed significantly higher microflexural strength (p < 0.05) compared to those without additional dry heat curing. Conclusions: The Filtek Z250 and Z350XT resin composites had significantly higher microflexural strength values with and without additional dry heat curing. In addition, the Filtek Z350XT and Tetric N-Ceram resin composites subjected to additional dry heat curing showed significantly higher microflexural strength compared to when they did not receive the same procedure, a situation that did not occur with the Filtek Z250 resin composite.Revisión por pare

Efecto irritante in vitro del gel elaborado con extracto acuoso del mesocarpio de Hylocereus megalanthus (Cactaceae) “pitahaya” por el método HET-CAM

En el presente estudio, se evaluó in vitro el efecto irritante del gel elaborado con el extracto acuoso del mesocarpio de Hylocereus megalanthus (Cactaceae) “pitahaya”, empleando el método de HET-CAM para demostrar seguridad y eficacia de la formulación. La “pitahaya” fue recolectada en la provincia de Huaral, departamento de Lima, en el sector denominado Virgen de la Esperanza, a una altitud de 190 m s. n. m. El gel fue preparado a base de carbopol, trietanolamina y agua desionizada; su preparación tuvo lugar en el Laboratorio de Industria Farmacéutica de la Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímica de la Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Para la elaboración del extracto acuoso, se utilizaron 300 g de mesocarpio de Hylocereus megalanthus “pitahaya” por litro de agua, concentrándose el solvente con ayuda del rotavapor. Las concentraciones de gel preparado con el extracto acuoso fueron del 0.5 % y 1 % y se emplearon NaOH 0.1N y LSS como control positivo. El estudio fitoquímico determinó la presencia de alcaloides, saponinas, flavonoides, quinonas, glucósidos, terpenoides y fenoles. Las formulaciones farmacéuticas elaboradas con el gel mantuvieron intacta la membrana corioalantoidea sin provocar efecto irritante; el control a base de hidróxido de sodio y lauril sulfato de sodio (LSS) resultó ser irritante moderado y severo. Según el método de HET-CAM, el índice de irritación obtenido para todas las formulaciones de extracto acuoso del mesocarpio de Hylocereus megalanthus “pitahaya” permitieron clasificar al producto como no irritante. Se espera utilizar la formulación en ensayos de fase I.In this study, we evaluated in vitro the irritant effect of the gel made with aqueous extract of mesocarp of Hylocereus megalanthus (Cactaceae) “pitahaya” using the HET-CAM method to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the formulation. The pitahaya fruits were collected in the province of Huaral, department of Lima, in the area called Virgen de la Esperanza, at an altitude of 190 meters above sea level. The gel was prepared based on carbopol, triethanolamine and deionized water; its preparation took place in the Pharmaceutical Industry Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biochemistry of the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University. For the elaboration of the aqueous extract, we used 300 g of mesocarp of Hylocereus megalanthus “pitahaya” per liter of water, concentrating the solvent with the help of a rotavap. The gel concentrations prepared with the aqueous extract were 0.5 % and 1 %, and NaOH 0.1N and SLS were used as a positive control. The phytochemical study determined the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, quinones, glycosides, terpenoids and phenols. The pharmaceutical formulations made with the gel kept the chorioallantoic membrane intact without causing an irritant effect; the control based on sodium hydroxide and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) turned out to be moderate and severe irritant. According to the HET-CAM method, the irritation index obtained for all aqueous extract formulations of the mesocarp of Hylocereus megalanthus “pitahaya” allowed classifying the product as nonirritating. The formulation is expected to be used in phase I tests

"In Vitro Color Stability Evaluation of Three Polished and Unpolished Nanohybrid Resin Composites Immersed in a 0.12% Chlorhexidine-Based Mouthwash at Different Times"

"The use of chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes on resin composites with rough surfaces can cause discoloration which compromises the esthetic of patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro color stability of Forma (Ultradent Products, Inc., South Jordan), Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and Filtek Z350XT (3M, ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) resin composites, with and without polishing, after being immersed in a 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX)-based mouthwash at different times. The present in vitro experimental and longitudinal study used 96 nanohybrid resin composite blocks (Forma, Tetric N-Ceram and Filtek Z350XT) 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, evenly distributed. Each resin composite group was divided into two subgroups (n = 16) with and without polishing and then immersed in a 0.12% CHX-based mouthwash for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Color measurements were performed with a calibrated digital spectrophotometer. Nonparametric tests were used to compare independent (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis) and related (Friedman) measures. In addition, the Bonferroni post hoc correction was used considering a significance level of p < 0.05. All polished and unpolished resin composites presented color variation < 3.3 when immersed for up to 14 days in 0.12% CHX-based mouthwash. The polished resin composite with the lowest color variation (∆E) values over time was Forma, and the one with the highest values was Tetric N-Ceram. When comparing the color variation (∆E) over time, it was observed that the three resin composites, with and without polishing, presented a significant change (p < 0.001), although these changes in color variation (∆E) were evident from 14 days between each color acquisition (p < 0.05). The unpolished Forma and Filtek Z350XT resin composites showed significantly more color variation than the same polished ones at all times when immersed in a 0.12% CHX-based mouthwash for 30 s daily. In addition, every 14 days, all three resin composites with and without polishing showed a significant color change, while, every 7 days, color stability was maintained. All the resin composites showed clinically acceptable color stability when exposed for up to 14 days to the above-mentioned mouthwash.