Active Methodologies in Teaching Human Anatomy: An Integrative Review

Human anatomy is one of the fundamental disciplines for the training of health professionals, especially in the medical field. Its didactic origin is based on the European school where the body was dissected in amphitheaters and anatomical knowledge was transmitted from the teacher to his students. With the restructuring of medical curricula, and the use of active methodologies, seeking to make the student the center of the learning process, anatomy started to be taught in another way. This study carries out an integrative review in the Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases, from 2015 to 2020, about the active methodologies used in the teaching of human anatomy for the medical course. The PICo strategy was used to form the guiding question and the results were presented through the Prisma Flow diagram. It was found that there are a number of tools and strategies that can be used aiming at the active teaching of human anatomy, however, a common point observed in most works is the approach of joint use with cadavers and anatomical parts, thus seeking to stimulate the development of the skills and competences of medical students

Percepção de discentes frente ao uso de roteiros de estudo em aulas práticas de neuroanatomia

The aim of study was to analyze the students' perception of Physiotherapy course, based on the use of didactic scripts in practical classes of Neuroanatomy discipline. It was of qualitative type, through an experience report, in which the content analysis of discourses of participants was carried out. It was possible to observe that scripts facilitated their comprehension of concept of curricular component worked here, as well as presented like guiding method in learning process and were dynamic and facilitators in the apprehension of contents studied. Thus, we infer that use of didactic scripts, in practical classes of Neuroanatomy discipline, contribute in teaching-learning process, making student active in construction of his knowledge.El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la percepción de discentes, del curso de Fisioterapia, frente al uso de manuales didácticos en clases prácticas de la disciplina de Neuroanatomía. Este fue del tipo cualitativo, a través de relato de experiencia, en el cual se realizó el análisis de contenido de los discursos de los partícipes. Se pudo observar que los manuales les facilitaron la comprensión del concepto del componente curricular aquí trabajado, así como se presentó como un método orientador en el proceso de aprendizaje y fueron dinámicos y facilitadores en la aprehensión de los contenidos estudiados. Así, inferimos que el uso de manuales didácticos, en clases prácticas de la disciplina de neuroanatomía, contribuyen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, haciendo el discente activo en la construcción de su conocimiento.O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção de discentes do curso de fisioterapia, a partir do uso de roteiros didáticos em aulas práticas da disciplina de Neuroanatomia. Este foi do tipo qualitativo, através de relato de experiência, no qual realizou-se a análise de conteúdo dos discursos dos partícipes. Foi possível observar que os roteiros lhes facilitaram a compreensão do conceito do componente curricular aqui trabalhado, bem como se apresentou como um método norteador no processo de aprendizagem e foram dinâmicos e facilitadores na apreensão dos conteúdos estudados. Assim, inferimos que o uso de roteiros didáticos em aulas práticas da disciplina de neuroanatomia contribui no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, tornando o discente ativo na construção de seu conhecimento

Carbohydrates plus protein reduces oxidative stress after single bout of aerobic exercise

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CPA in muscle damage and oxidative stress induced by aerobic exercise. Participate in the study ten healthy young (24 ± 4 years), eutrophic (23.2 ± 1 kg/m2),VO2max = 44.9 ± 10 ml/kg/min, four women performed three aerobic exercise sessions lasting 50 minutes randomly supplemented with water (WAT), isolated carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate associated with proteins and antioxidants (CPA) every 10 minutes of exercise. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 24 hours after each exercise session for analysis markers of muscle damage creatine kinase (CK) and oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA). Blood glucose was measured before, during and after the exercise. After testing the data for normality and homogeneity through the Shapiro-Wilk and Levine tests, one-way ANOVA or two-way analyses were made to compare the initial and the answers to the experimental procedure respectively, or their corresponding non-parametric. CHO and CPA resulted in maintaining or increasing glucose, respectively, during exercise, whereas WAT resulted in glycemia reduction. CHO or CPA did not affect CK post exercise concentration. MDA values were very similar immediately after exercise between CHO and CPA, however occurred significant reduction from post exercice to 24 hours after exercise in CPA procedure (4.8 ± 1.8 to 2.5 ± 0.8, p <0,05), while CHO (5.1 ± 0.8 to 4.6 ± 0.9) and WAT (4.9 ± 0.9 to 5.1 ± 0.6) did not promotes the same phenomenon. This study revealed that carbohydrates associated with proteins and antioxidants have ergogenic effect by increasing blood glucose during a single bout of aerobic exercise and accelerate the restoration of oxidative stress

AVALIAÇÃO DE ERROS DE MEDICAÇÃO ESTUDO DE CASO COM PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE DE CAJAZEIRAS-PB.

Os erros de medicação fazem parte da realidade mundial e estão presentes nas instituições de saúde e chegam a acometer tanto o setor público quanto privado. Sua ocorrência causa sérios problemas aos pacientes, desde incapacidades até a morte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as causas e fatores que contribuem para ocorrência de erros de medicação em instituição hospitalar pública. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa em um hospital público da cidade de Cajazeiras-PB. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, com questões abertas e fechadas, nas questões abertas foi utilizado um gravador digital. Após as gravações, as entrevistas foram transcritas. A amostra foi composta por 34 profissionais de enfermagem. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a metodologia de Trivinos (2006). Os resultados apresentados mostram que a maioria dos entrevistados são do sexo feminino, com faixa etária predominante entre 20 e 29 anos, com tempo de trabalho menor que 2 anos (44,1%), 44,1% apresentam o 2º grau completo e 76,4%  com renda entre 1 a 3 salários. Para grande parte dos entrevistados, o erro de medicação está associado à ilegibilidade da caligrafia médica, sobrecarga de trabalho e falta de conhecimento teórico e prático. A caligrafia médica nas prescrições dificulta o trabalho da enfermagem, o que torna necessária uma modificação no sistema, a partir do uso de prescrições eletrônicas, maior contratação de profissionais, realização de cursos de reciclagem, todas estas medidas tomadas com o objetivo de reduzir ou prevenir os erros

3D printing as a tool in anatomy teaching: An integrative review

Anatomy is essentially a three-dimensional content and learning its structures, through 3D impressions, for example, is of notable importance. In this context, traditional teaching methods, despite being highly effective, still have some limitations. Therefore, 3D printing has been introduced in the teaching of Anatomy, bringing several advantages, such as accuracy, personalized study and easy handling. Based on these premises, the objective of this work was to carry out an integrative review on the use of 3D printing in the teaching of human anatomy. A study was carried out in science direct, PUBMED, Scielo databases between 2010 and 2021 using the following descriptors 3D printing and teaching of anatomy. It was found that among the benefits of using 3D parts, there are: accuracy, durability, ease of production, good cost-benefit ratio and reduction of security risks linked to the fixation of cadaver and plastinated specimens. It was observed that in some studies most students preferred the use of 3D printing to traditional methods. Other studies have shown the importance of the use of 3D printing as a complementary tool to traditional methods of teaching anatomy. It was found that the use of 3D printing as a teaching tool may reduce the demand for bodies and overcome some of the governmental legal and ethical problems in the cadaver study, further studies should be carried out to assess the long-term impact of using 3D printing

IDENTIDADE PROFISSIONAL DA ENFERMEIRA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Objetivo: identificar os principais achados em artigos científicos sobre a identidade profissional da enfermeira. Método: estudo do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, desenvolvido com base na pesquisa bibliográfica sobre artigos científicos a respeito do tema. Utilizada a base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Compuseram a amostra final 12 publicações científicas. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os dados evidenciaram que a identidade profissional da enfermeira está relacionada com o sentido religioso, com intercessões com os sentidos militar e profissional oriundos da origem da profissão. Conclusão: a identidade profissional da enfermeira está fortemente relacionada com a questão religiosa, sofreu influência da organização militar e apresenta indícios que demonstram seu objetivo de se firmar como profissão e ciência. Descritores: Enfermeira. Identificação Social. Trabalho Feminino

Anatomy Classroom: Rethinking Teaching Practices

Human anatomy is a fundamental area for the training of health professionals, presenting itself as a foundation in their formation. However, the methodological path adopted in teaching practice in the course of this discipline is based on traditional methodologies. However, contemporaneity calls for new form and approach in the pedagogical course, inquiring and rethinking the anatomy classroom through different practices and active methodologies with the insertion of technological resources. Thus, the present research aims to investigate the different teaching practices applied in the anatomy classroom through an integrative review. An integrative review of the literature was performed through research in electronic databases: Science Direct and SciELO. The inclusion criteria were: studies that answered the guide question, research with human beings, published from 2015 to 2021, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. It was verified that there are a number of tools and strategies that can be used to teach the most attractive of human anatomy, stimulating the development of the skills and competencies of health students

The Didactic Contract from the Perspective of the Theory of Didactical Situations: An Integrative Review

The phenomena related to the mathematical teaching and learning process have a significant and direct influence on the construction of knowledge and studying these issues is of interest to the theory developed by Guy Brousseau, called Theory of Didactical Situations. When dealing with the relations established between student, knowledge and teacher, Brousseau presents those that are specific, explicitly and implicitly, of the relationship between teacher and students, as well as their influences on the teaching and learning process, defining, for this, the Didactic Contract, which consists of the set of behaviors that the teacher expects from the student and the student from the teacher. With this, the following question arose for this work: What is the relevance of the Didactic Contract when designing teaching sequences with input in the Theory of Didactical Situations? The objective was, then, to carry out an integrative review in order to systematize information present in scientific articles about the Didactic Contract in the perspective of the Theory of Didactical Situations. A search for works was carried out in the databases Scielo, Google Scholar and Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC through the descriptors "Didactic Contract" and "Theory of Didactical Situations", with the following exclusion criteria: works not related to the theme and book, theses, dissertations and monographs. That is, only papers of the scientific article type were chosen. A total of one hundred and seventy-seven works were obtained as an initial result, of which thirteen were repeated. After reading the abstracts and adopting the exclusion criteria, sixteen articles remained, of which nine responded to the elaborated question. With the research, it was found, in the period consulted, a limitation of publications that deal specifically with the Didactic Contract and, in spite of that, it was concluded that the Didactic Contract is a very important element in a teaching and learning situation, because it can favor or cause an obstacle in the acquisition of new knowledge by the student

World Café Method: the Possibility of Understanding Active Methodologies in Remote Learning

The great challenge in these last decades in education is the growing search for innovative teaching methodologies that enable a pedagogical praxis able to form subjects with ethical, historical, critical, reflective, transformative and humanized profile. The present study stems from the following problematization: what is the contribution of the active teaching methodology called “World Café” in teaching and learning processes, so that it favors teaching innovation in remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic? In facing this problem, the following objectives were listed: a) understanding the contributions of the World Café Method in teaching and learning process innovation; b) analyze the viability of the World Café Method in remote learning. A quali-quantitative, descriptive and applied methodological strategy is employed, drawing on Barbosa (2013), Berbel (2011), Brown and Isaacs (2007), Minayo (2010), Moran (2014) and Triviños (1987). The data were analyzed using discourse analysis techniques (Bardin, 2016). We conclude that it is possible to use the World Café Method in virtual, remote learning, as it enables the promotion of ideas, discussions, reflections, questions, and engages participants, that is, a collective learning process

Antioxidant and Antinociceptive Effects of Citrus limon Essential Oil in Mice

The antioxidant and antinociceptive activities of Citrus limon essential oil (EO) were assessed in mice or in vitro tests. EO possesses a strong antioxidant potential according to the scavenging assays. Moreover, it presented scavenger activity against all in vitro tests. Orally, EO (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes, and, at highest doses, it reduced the number of paw licks. Whereas naloxone antagonized the antinociceptive action of EO (highest doses), this suggested, at least, the participation of the opioid system. Further studies currently in progress will enable us to understand the action mechanisms of EO