Study of the image of the tourist region of Lisbon

A indústria turística mundial registou um crescimento anual constante e encontrava-se em franca expansão até março de 2020, quando foi fortemente afetada pela pandemia Covid-19. Acredita-se que para a reinvenção e reforma do setor se terá de investir fortemente na criação e gestão da perceção dos turistas sobre a imagem dos destinos turísticos. Tendo em vista este contexto, o presente estudo objetiva analisar a imagem da região de Lisboa através da utilização de User Generated Content (UGC). A metodologia utilizada tem como base de análise três componentes de interações do turista com o destino: imagem Designativa, Estimativa e Prescritiva. Foram utilizados 51 mil reviews do ano de 2019, em inglês, contendo opinião de turistas de 131 nacionalidades sobre a região turística de Lisboa. Os resultados revelam que Lisboa tem uma imagem caracterizada por reviews positivos e oferecem novos conhecimentos sobre a gestão da imagem do destino.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of soil temperature effect on herbicide leaching potential into groundwater in the brazilian cerrado.

The effect of annual variations in the daily average soil temperatures, at different depths, on the calculation of pesticide leaching potential indices is presented. This index can be applied to assess the risk of groundwater contamination by a pesticide. It considers the effects of water table depth, daily recharge net rate, pesticide sorption coefficient, and degradation rate of the pesticide in the soil. The leaching potential index is frequently used as a screening indicator in pesticide groundwater contamination studies, and the temperature effect involved in its calculation is usually not considered. It is well known that soil temperature affects pesticide degradation rates, air-water partition coefficient, and water-soil partition coefficient. These three parameters are components of the attenuation and retardation factors, as well as the leaching potential index, and contribute to determine pesticide behavior in the environment. The Arrhenius, van't Hoff, and Clausius-Clapeyron equations were used in this work to estimate the soil temperature effect on pesticide degradation rate, air-water partition coefficient, and water--soil partition coefficient, respectively. The relationship between leaching potential index and soil temperature at different depths is presented and aids in the understanding of how potential pesticide groundwater contamination varies on different climatic conditions. Numerical results will be presented for 31 herbicides known to be used in corn and soybean crops grown on the municipality of São Gabriel do Oeste, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Postoperative outcomes in oesophagectomy with trainee involvement

BACKGROUND: The complexity of oesophageal surgery and the significant risk of morbidity necessitates that oesophagectomy is predominantly performed by a consultant surgeon, or a senior trainee under their supervision. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of trainee involvement in oesophagectomy on postoperative outcomes in an international multicentre setting. METHODS: Data from the multicentre Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Study Group (OGAA) cohort study were analysed, which comprised prospectively collected data from patients undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer between April 2018 and December 2018. Procedures were grouped by the level of trainee involvement, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare patient outcomes across groups. RESULTS: Of 2232 oesophagectomies from 137 centres in 41 countries, trainees were involved in 29.1 per cent of them (n = 650), performing only the abdominal phase in 230, only the chest and/or neck phases in 130, and all phases in 315 procedures. For procedures with a chest anastomosis, those with trainee involvement had similar 90-day mortality, complication and reoperation rates to consultant-performed oesophagectomies (P = 0.451, P = 0.318, and P = 0.382, respectively), while anastomotic leak rates were significantly lower in the trainee groups (P = 0.030). Procedures with a neck anastomosis had equivalent complication, anastomotic leak, and reoperation rates (P = 0.150, P = 0.430, and P = 0.632, respectively) in trainee-involved versus consultant-performed oesophagectomies, with significantly lower 90-day mortality in the trainee groups (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Trainee involvement was not found to be associated with significantly inferior postoperative outcomes for selected patients undergoing oesophagectomy. The results support continued supervised trainee involvement in oesophageal cancer surgery

Evidence for Reductive Genome Evolution and Lateral Acquisition of Virulence Functions in Two Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strains

Ruiz JC, D'Afonseca V, Silva A, et al. Evidence for Reductive Genome Evolution and Lateral Acquisition of Virulence Functions in Two Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strains. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(4): e18551.Background: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen, is the etiologic agent of the disease known as caseous lymphadenitis (CL). CL mainly affects small ruminants, such as goats and sheep; it also causes infections in humans, though rarely. This species is distributed worldwide, but it has the most serious economic impact in Oceania, Africa and South America. Although C. pseudotuberculosis causes major health and productivity problems for livestock, little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenicity. Methodology and Findings: We characterized two C. pseudotuberculosis genomes (Cp1002, isolated from goats; and CpC231, isolated from sheep). Analysis of the predicted genomes showed high similarity in genomic architecture, gene content and genetic order. When C. pseudotuberculosis was compared with other Corynebacterium species, it became evident that this pathogenic species has lost numerous genes, resulting in one of the smallest genomes in the genus. Other differences that could be part of the adaptation to pathogenicity include a lower GC content, of about 52%, and a reduced gene repertoire. The C. pseudotuberculosis genome also includes seven putative pathogenicity islands, which contain several classical virulence factors, including genes for fimbrial subunits, adhesion factors, iron uptake and secreted toxins. Additionally, all of the virulence factors in the islands have characteristics that indicate horizontal transfer. Conclusions: These particular genome characteristics of C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as its acquired virulence factors in pathogenicity islands, provide evidence of its lifestyle and of the pathogenicity pathways used by this pathogen in the infection process. All genomes cited in this study are available in the NCBI Genbank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) under accession numbers CP001809 and CP001829

Evaluation of soil temperature effect on herbicide leaching potential into groundwater in the brazilian cerrado.

The effect of annual variations in the daily average soil temperatures, at different depths, on the calculation of pesticide leaching potential indices is presented. This index can be applied to assess the risk of groundwater contamination by a pesticide. It considers the effects of water table depth, daily recharge net rate, pesticide sorption coefficient, and degradation rate of the pesticide in the soil. The leaching potential index is frequently used as a screening indicator in pesticide groundwater contamination studies, and the temperature effect involved in its calculation is usually not considered. It is well known that soil temperature affects pesticide degradation rates, air-water partition coefficient, and water-soil partition coefficient. These three parameters are components of the attenuation and retardation factors, as well as the leaching potential index, and contribute to determine pesticide behavior in the environment. The Arrhenius, van't Hoff, and Clausius-Clapeyron equations were used in this work to estimate the soil temperature effect on pesticide degradation rate, air-water partition coefficient, and water--soil partition coefficient, respectively. The relationship between leaching potential index and soil temperature at different depths is presented and aids in the understanding of how potential pesticide groundwater contamination varies on different climatic conditions. Numerical results will be presented for 31 herbicides known to be used in corn and soybean crops grown on the municipality of São Gabriel do Oeste, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T00:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ParaibaEvaluation6433.pdf: 102247 bytes, checksum: ecfbfac5d6c3ff37d35202125aff9a19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-0

Algumas características do setor privado de saúde de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil Characteristics of private health care services in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Com o objetivo de descrever algumas características dos serviços de saúde privados do Município de Salvador, foi realizado inquérito envolvendo 174 estabelecimentos cadastrados no IBGE. Foram investigados a natureza jurídica, a capacidade instalada ambulatorial e hospitalar, a produção e o custo das consultas médicas segundo modalidades de financiamento público e privado. As diferentes formas de assistência médica supletiva são a principal fonte de financiamento da assistência ambulatorial, e 51,1% das unidades investigadas são independentes dos recursos públicos oriundos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os convênios-empresa e o seguro saúde stricto sensu participaram de forma moderada e elevada do financiamento das consultas médicas, em 54% e 41,9% dos serviços respectivamente. Os autores discutem o significado das modificações verificadas no segmento privado da atenção à saúde de Salvador, bem como as implicações desses achados no que diz respeito ao redimensionamento das estratégias de reorganização das práticas e serviços de saúde no País e de relacionamento entre o público e o privado.<br>To study the organization of private health services in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, a survey was carried out in 1994 involving 174 facilities registered at the Brazilian Institute of Statistics and Geography ­ IBGE. Health services characteristics studied were the following: number of physicians, hospital beds, production and cost of outpatient services, and legislative aspects. Health services were classified according to the amount of resources each type of granting agency contributed to support outpatient care. We found that the majority (51.1%) of private health care services in Salvador do not depend on public funds. The main sources of revenue for health services are private health insurance (41.9%) and other kinds of private health plans (54%). These changes in the organization of health services challenge health planners to review strategies for municipalization of health care and the relations between public and private health services in Brazil