Estudio comparativo del papel del intérprete en hospitales públicos y privados de la provincia de Alicante

En una sociedad en la que cada vez hay más afluencia de turistas e inmigrantes se hace evidente la necesidad de intérpretes en los centros hospitalarios. Cada vez más clínicas privadas se decantan por su contratación, mientras que en los centros públicos siguen optando por medidas alternativas. Este trabajo trata de analizar el estado de la cuestión de los intérpretes en hospitales públicos y privados, estudiando dos hospitales de la provincia de Alicante

¿Cómo navegan los adolescentes en Wikipedia para contestar preguntas?

In one experiment, we explored how high school students use hyperlink relevance cues while they navigate to answer questions from hypertexts. Current evidence has shown that students may navigate by either performing a deep semantic analysis of the relationship between the question and the existing hyperlinks, or by matching words in the question to words in the hyperlink labels. We focused on how students combine both cues during navigation, and how comprehension skills relate to the use of such cues. Our study revealed that 14 year old students (N = 53) selected hyperlinks by relying to a similar degree on both word matching and semantic overlap. Furthermore, when there was a conflict between an irrelevant link cued via word matching and a relevant link only cued through semantic overlap, students\u27 comprehension skills facilitated their initial selection of an informative relevant link. To conclude, we discuss the implications of these results for current models of hypertext navigation. (DIPF/Orig.

Integration information processes form multiple documents

Nowadays, students are frequently exposed to different and multiple sources of information, from which they may be asked to perform a variety of tasks such as writing essays, answering comprehension questions or locating specific units of information. Although a significant amount of research has been conducted on how students integrate information from multiple historical texts (ie., Wineburg, 1991; Perfetti, Britt & Georgi, 1995; Rouet, Britt, Mason & Perfetti,1996; Rouet, Favart, Britt & Perfetti, 1997; Britt & Aglinskas, 2002), little has been studied so far on the mental processes involved in integrating information from multiple expository texts, which are the focus of our attention in the present dissertation. On the other hand, similarly to the case of single-text learning with the use of inferential questions (i.e., Vidal-Abarca, Mengual, Sanjose & Rouet 1996; Vidal-Abarca, Gilabert & Rouet, 1998; Rouet et al., 2001), there should be tasks that are more effective than others in making students learn from multiple expository sources at a deep level. Indeed, Wiley and Voss (1999) found that performing argument tasks after reading the multiple sources produced increased conceptual understanding of the main topic presented in multiple texts. Based on the previous empirical background, we formulated the following hypothesis for our study: First, search for a task that induces integration and learning from multiple documents in a greater extent than others. Second, deepen into the mental processes responsible for enabling integration from multiple sources and find behavioral correlates for these processes. And, globally, analyse how students integrate information from multiple expository texts. For this purpose, we selected three texts on bacteria resistance to antibiotics and created two kind of tasks: one global task, similar to a summary, which would make the students actively connect and integrate units of information present in each document; four brief questions, which would only require the attention to one of the single texts to find the answer. We expected that the global task would induce integration and learning from the multiple sources in a greater extent than brief questions, as it would induce a more active processing of the texts. We conducted a first experiment in which 50 university students read the texts and answered the questions, all in a software called Read&Answer, which allows the tracking of the reading and question-answering process. Additionally, half of the sample thought-aloud. We obtained a set of measures related to the reading behavior (i.e., how fast or slow was the reading, if relevant information was read more slowly...) and measures related to the learning outcome (i.e., final learning measures after the experimental session). Results from the first experiment yielded highly interesting results. As we expected, it was the global task the only one inducing long-term learning from the multiple texts, in contrast to brief questions. Moreover, this was because a deep processing of the texts had taken place when answering the global task (i.e., relevant information was read more slowly). Thus, the global task was indeed the most effective in working with multiple documents and, in contrast, brief questions only helped students in constructing a very isolated understanding of the main units of information in the documents. Finally, we obtained a curious result regarding the effects of making students think-aloud: it seemed to overload short-term memory resurces in students, and limited the possibility to acquire long-term learning from the documents. To complement results obtained in experiment 1, we conducted a second experiment in which we included a third kind of task: answering very specific questions (i.e., copy one sentence) which would by no means help understand the main ideas present in the texts, in contrast to brief questions. Results were in agreement with this hypothesis and, interestingly, there was a complete replication in results for the other two kind of tasks. All these results helped us determine that making students answer a global task when using multiple documents is the most effective way to induce integration and long-term learning. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN Presentamos dos estudios en los que nos cuestionamos: (a) qué procesos mentales subyacen a la integración de información a partir de múltiples documentos expositivos; (b) qué tarea sería la más eficaz para promover integración y aprendizaje a largo plazo a partir de documentos múltiples. Para aclarar estas preguntas, realizamos un primer experimento en el que cincuenta estudiantes universitarios leyeron tres textos y resolvieron dos tipos distintos de tareas en ordenador: contestar una pregunta global, que haría que los estudiantes leyeran activamente los textos y conectaran los segmentos relevantes de información en cada uno de ellos; contestar cuatro preguntas breves, que harían que los estudiantes se centraran únicamente en un texto, sin necesitar la conexión entre textos. Esperábamos que la pregunta global promoviera efectivamente integración y aprendizaje a partir de los documentos múltiples. Basándonos en un conjunto de datos on-line de lectura y de resultados de pruebas de aprendizaje final pudimos concluir que la tarea global había hecho que los estudiantes leyeran los textos con más detenimiento, centrándose en la información importante y conectando los segmentos relevantes a través de los textos. Todo ello tenía como consecuencia incrementos en el aprendizaje a largo plazo. En contraste, las preguntas breves hicieron que los estudiantes leyeran más rápidamente y únicamente promovieron una comprensión aislada de las unidades de información. Para complementar los resultados del primer experimento, creamos un tercer tipo de tarea para contrastar en un segundo experimento y que haría que los estudiantes ni siquiera entendieran los segmentos aislados de información. Creamos un conjunto de preguntas específicas que lo único que requerirían para su correcta contestación sería la copia de frases aisladas en los textos. Los resultados de este segundo experimento confirmaron la nula capacidad de las preguntas específicas para aprender a partir de múltiples textos y confirmaron completamente el patrón de resultados para los otros dos tipos de tareas. En conclusión, dos experimentos nos permitieron concluir que hacer que los estudiantes realicen tareas globales a partir de múltiples textos mejora el grado de aprendizaje que pueden obtener de ellos

Dental emergency care in Spain during the state of alarm due to COVID-19 pandemic

The first state of alarm due to COVID-19 in Spain led to limit dental treatment exclusively to emergencies. The objective of the survey was to evaluate the amount and type of emergencies attended during this period, as well as to know how they were solve

The influence of alcohol consumption on Self-Rated Health and Mood during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

Introduction: There is evidence of a significant upturn of certain unhealthy lifestyle choices such as Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To analyze whether Alcohol Consumption has increased since the onset of pandemic and whether it affects the relationship between Mood and Self-Rated Health among adult Spanish population. Methodology: Study of two cross-sectional cohorts (1—initial period of confinement COVID-19 pandemic, 2—between fifth and sixth waves of pandemic) to examine Alcohol Consumption in the relationship between Mood and Self-Rated Health using a moderation analysis with PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: 5,949 people (62.1% women) participated in the study. Alcohol Consumption showed a significant increase, with men consuming more Alcohol than women in both periods (58.6% vs. 44.7% and 72.1% vs. 56.7%, respectively, p < 0.001). The moderation analysis revealed that sex and Alcohol Consumption conditioned the relationship between Mood and Self-Rated Health in the first survey, with a greater effect on women, who stated that not consuming Alcohol had a positive effect on the relationship between Mood and Self-Rated Health (B: −0.530; p < 0.001). Discussion: Currently it is about of implementing strategies to manage the pandemic—some of them aimed at promoting healthy living and stress management as assets that favor healthy lifestyles with fewer risk factors. New studies are needed to address the social thresholds of alcohol consumption, considering different perspectives for understanding variations in the intrapersonal and social perception of drunkenness, as this has been shown to be inconsistent across cultures and time periods

Metabolic adaptations in spontaneously immortalized PGC-1a knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts increase their oncogenic potential

Trabajo presentado en la SEBBN 19 Madrid, celebrada en Madrid del 16 al 19 de julio de 2019.PGC-1a controls, to a large extent, the capacity of cells to respond to changing nutritional requirements and energetic demands. The key role of metabolic reprogramming in tumor development has highlighted the potential role of PGC-1a in cancer. To investigate how loss of PGC-1a activity in primary cells impacts the oncogenic characteristics of spontaneously immortalized cells, and the mechanisms involved, we used the classic 3T3 protocol to generate spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) from wild-type (WT) and PGC-1a knockout (KO) mice and analyzed their oncogenic potential in vivo and in vitro. We found that PGC-1a KO iMEFs formed larger and more proliferative primary tumors than WT counterparts, and fostered the formation of lung metastasis by B16 melanoma cells. These characteristics were associated with the reduced capacity of KO iMEFs to respond to cell contact inhibition, in addition to an increased ability to form colonies in soft agar, an enhanced migratory capacity, and a reduced growth factor dependence. The mechanistic basis of this phenotype is likely associated with the observed higher levels of nuclear b-catenin and c-myc in KO iMEFs. Evaluation of the metabolic adaptations of the immortalized cell lines identified a decrease in oxidative metabolism and an increase in glycolytic flux in KO iMEFs, which were also more dependent on glutamine for their survival. Furthermore, glucose oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle forward flux were reduced in KO iMEF, resulting in the induction of compensatory anaplerotic pathways. Indeed, analysisi of aminoacid and lipid patterns supported the efficient use of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates to synthesize lipids and proteins to support elevated cell growth rates. All these characteristics have been observed in aggressive tumors and support a tumor suppressor role for PGC-1a, restraining metabolic adaptations in cancer

The importance of the urea cycle and its relationships to polyamine metabolism during ammonium stress in Medicago truncatula

The ornithine–urea cycle (urea cycle) makes a signifcant contribution to the metabolic responses of lower photosynthetic eukaryotes to episodes of high nitrogen availability. In this study, we compared the role of the plant urea cycle and its relationships to polyamine metabolism in ammonium-fed and nitrate-fed Medicago truncatula plants. High ammonium resulted in the accumulation of ammonium and pathway intermediates, particularly glutamine, arginine, ornithine, and putrescine. Arginine decarboxylase activity was decreased in roots, suggesting that the ornithine decarboxylase-dependent production of putrescine was important in situations of ammonium stress. The activity of copper amine oxidase, which releases ammonium from putrescine, was signifcantly decreased in both shoots and roots. In addition, physiological concentrations of ammonium inhibited copper amine oxidase activity in in vitro assays, supporting the conclusion that high ammonium accumulation favors putrescine synthesis. Moreover, early supplementation of plants with putrescine avoided ammonium toxicity. The levels of transcripts encoding urea-cyclerelated proteins were increased and transcripts involved in polyamine catabolism were decreased under high ammonium concentrations. We conclude that the urea cycle and associated polyamine metabolism function as important protective mechanisms limiting ammonium toxicity in M. truncatula. These fndings demonstrate the relevance of the urea cycle to polyamine metabolism in higher plants.This work was supported by the grants from the Spanish Government AGL2014-52396-P (MICINN) and AGL2017-86293-P (MINECO/ FEDER) to JFM, and the Basque Government, Spain, IT-1018-16 (UPV/EHU-GV) to RE. MU is a recipient of a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Government of Navarre, Spain. JB and PLG have received pre-doctoral fellowships from the Public University of Navarre, Spain. PT has received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (Grant to Department of Science, University ‘Roma Tre’-‘Dipartimenti di Eccellenza’, ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314– 337. LEGGE 423 232/2016; PRIN 2017—CUP F84I19000730005). Partial support was obtained from the Spanish State Research Agency AGL2017-83358-R (AEI/FEDER) and the Government of Aragon, Spain, Group A09-20R to YG. Open Access funding was provided by the Public University of Navarra

Metabolic adaptations in spontaneously immortalized PGC-1α knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts increase their oncogenic potential

PGC-1α controls, to a large extent, the capacity of cells to respond to changing nutritional requirements and energetic demands. The key role of metabolic reprogramming in tumor development has highlighted the potential role of PGC-1α in cancer. To investigate how loss of PGC-1α activity in primary cells impacts the oncogenic characteristics of spontaneously immortalized cells, and the mechanisms involved, we used the classic 3T3 protocol to generate spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) from wild-type (WT) and PGC-1α knockout (KO) mice and analyzed their oncogenic potential in vivo and in vitro. We found that PGC-1α KO iMEFs formed larger and more proliferative primary tumors than WT counterparts, and fostered the formation of lung metastasis by B16 melanoma cells. These characteristics were associated with the reduced capacity of KO iMEFs to respond to cell contact inhibition, in addition to an increased ability to form colonies in soft agar, an enhanced migratory capacity, and a reduced growth factor dependence. The mechanistic basis of this phenotype is likely associated with the observed higher levels of nuclear β-catenin and c-myc in KO iMEFs. Evaluation of the metabolic adaptations of the immortalized cell lines identified a decrease in oxidative metabolism and an increase in glycolytic flux in KO iMEFs, which were also more dependent on glutamine for their survival. Furthermore, glucose oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle forward flux were reduced in KO iMEF, resulting in the induction of compensatory anaplerotic pathways. Indeed, analysis of amino acid and lipid patterns supported the efficient use of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates to synthesize lipids and proteins to support elevated cell growth rates. All these characteristics have been observed in aggressive tumors and support a tumor suppressor role for PGC-1α, restraining metabolic adaptations in cancer.This work was funded by grants from the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades” (MICINN) and ERDF/FEDER funds, SAF2012-37693, SAF2015-63904-R, SAF2015-71521-REDC, RTI2018-093864-B-I00 to M.M., SAF2017-83043-R and B2017/BMD-3724 to S·C., PI15/00107 to A.M.R, the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU grant GIU16/62) to J.l.R.S. and M.B.R.L., and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 721236-TREATMENT to M.M

Mapping microglia and astrocyte activation in vivo using diffusion MRI

While glia are increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, available methods for imaging these cells in vivo involve either invasive procedures or positron emission tomography radiotracers, which afford low resolution and specificity. Here, we present a noninvasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to image changes in glia morphology. Using rat models of neuroinflammation, degeneration, and demyelination, we demonstrate that diffusion-weighted MRI carries a fingerprint of microglia and astrocyte activation and that specific signatures from each population can be quantified noninvasively. The method is sensitive to changes in glia morphology and proliferation, providing a quantitative account of neuroinflammation, regardless of the existence of a concomitant neuronal loss or demyelinating injury. We prove the translational value of the approach showing significant associations between MRI and histological microglia markers in humans. This framework holds the potential to transform basic and clinical research by clarifying the role of inflammation in health and disease

READ-COGvid: A Database From Reading and Media Habits During COVID-19 Confinement in Spain and Italy

In the present paper, we present the READ-COGvid database, composed of responses of 4,800 individuals from Spain and Italy. While we focus on leisure and reading habits at different moments (before the confinement, shortly after confinement, and after 1 month confined), we also collected many other indices (socio-demographic, psychological, and reading-related) that may be of interest to researchers interested in adults' reading and related areas (e.g., communication research, cognitive sciences, social studies, health sciences, cross-cultural studies).Psicologí