Near-lossless image compression techniques

Predictive and multiresolution techniques for near- lossless image compression based on the criterion of maximum allowable deviation of pixel values are investigated. A procedure for near-lossless compression using a modification of lossless predictive coding techniques to satisfy the specified tolerance is described. Simulation results with modified versions of two of the best lossless predictive coding techniques known, CALIC and JPEG-LS, are provided. Application of lossless coding based on reversible transforms in conjunction with prequantization is shown to be inferior to predictive techniques for near-lossless compression. A partial embedding two-layer scheme is proposed in which an embedded multiresolution coder generates a lossy base layer, and a simple but effective context-based lossless coder codes the difference between the original image and the lossy reconstruction. Results show that this lossy plus near-lossless technique yields compression ratios close to those obtained with predictive techniques, while providing the feature of a partially embedded bit-stream. © 1998 SPIE and IS&T

Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in newlydiagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Turkey

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs) in newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out between 2009 and 2014 and antiretroviral naïve 774 HIV-1 infected patients from 19 Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Departments in Turkey were included; gender: 664 (86%) male, median age: 37 (range; 1–77), median CD4+T-cell: 360 (range; 1–1320) count/mm3, median HIV-RNA load: 2.10+E6 (range; 4.2+E2–7.41+E8) IU/mL. HIV-1 drug resistance mutations were detected by population based sequencing of the reverse transcriptase (codon 41–238) and protease (codon 1–99) domains of pol gene of HIV-1, and analyzed according to the criteria by the World Health Organization 2009 list of surveillance drug resistance mutations [1]. Results: The patients had TDRMs to NRTIs (K65R, M184V), NNRTIs (K101E, K103N/S, G190A/E/S, Y181I/C, Y188H/L) and PIs (M46L, I54V, L76V, V82L/T, N83D, I84V, L90M). The prevalence of overall TDRMs was 6.7% (52/774). Resistance mutations were found to be 0.7% (6/774), 4.1% (32/774) and 2.1% (17/774) to NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs drug groups, respectively. Three patients had NRTIs+NNRTs resistance mutations (M184V+K103N) as multi-class drug resistance. However, thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) determined two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and TAM2: D67N, K70R, K219E/Q, and T215F. The prevalence of TAM1 and TAM2 were 7.7% (60/774) and 4.3% (34/774), respectively. Conclusions: The TDRMs prevalence of antiretroviral naïve HIV-1 infected patients may be suggested current situation of Turkey. These long-term and large-scale results show that the resistance testing must be an integral part of the management of HIV infection in Turkey

In vitro susceptibility of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates with and without producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase to fosfomycin trometamol

Yo

The effects of pregabalin on kidney tissue of the rats those have ureter obstruction [Üreter Obstrüksiyonu yapılan ratlarda pregabalinin Böbrek Dokusu üzerine etkileri]

Background: Various algorithms and treatment guidelines have been established for the treatment of neuropathic pain. In summary, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors and opioids are used in these algorithms. Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant drug that is frequently used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. During the use of kidneys in patients with renal insufficiency due to the need to change the dose was taken attention. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pregabalin on renal tissue in rats with renal failure due to ureter obstruction. Materials and Methods: After the approval of the ethics committee, 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group C: Control, Group P: Pregabalin, Group UO: Ureter Obstruction, UO-P Group: Ureter Obstruction - Pregabalin. Urinary obstruction groups underwent a low abdominal incision under ketamine anesthesia to reach the distal right ureter and suture was placed with 2.0 mersilene and was waited for 3 weeks for late stage renal failure. In group P and UO-P rats, pregabalin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg / kg. After the twenty-four hour followup period, rats were sacrificed with the blood taken from the intraabdominal aorta by intraperitoneal ketamine (100 mg / kg). Blood samples were stored at -20 ° C and urea, creatinine, MDA and NO were studied. In the kidney tissue, caspase 3, 8 enzymes and histopathological evaluation were performed. Results: Caspase 3 enzyme activity was significantly increased in UO groups. In addition, pregabalin administration significantly increased the activity of caspase 3 in the UO-P group compared to the P group. The enzyme activity of caspase 8 was similar between the groups. Light microscopy revealed significant changes in UO groups, especially in the kidney tissue, which was obstructed. NO and MDA enzyme activities increased significantly in UO groups. In addition, pregabalin administration significantly increased NO and MDA enzyme activities in UO-P group compared to P group. Urinary obstruction significantly increased urea and creatinine levels. Pregabalin administration also increased urea and creatinine levels in the UO-P group compared to the P group. Conclusion: Pregabalin, which is frequently used in the treatment of neuropathic pain, has not been found to increase the renal damage that occurs experimentally in renal failure rats. We believe that our findings should be supported by a wide range of experimental and clinical studies. © Copyright 2019 by Gazi University Medical Faculty

Kalman prediction based proportional fair resource allocation for a solar powered wireless downlink

Optimization of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) downlink with an energy harvesting transmitter (base station) is considered. The base station (BS), which is attached to the central controller of the network, sends control information to the gateways of individual WSNs in the downlink. This paper specifically addresses the case where the BS is supplied with solar energy. Leveraging the daily periodicity inherent in solar energy harvesting, the schedule for delivery of maintenance messages from the BS to the nodes of a distributed network is optimized. Differences in channel gain from the BS to sensor nodes make it a challenge to provide service to each of them while efficiently spending the harvested energy. Based on PTF (Power-Time-Fair), a close-to-optimal solution for fair allocation of harvested energy in a wireless downlink proposed in previous work, we develop an online algorithm, PTF-On, that operates two algorithms in tandem: A prediction algorithm based on a Kalman filter that operates on solar irradiation measurements, and a modified version of PTF. PTF-On can predict the energy arrival profile throughout the day and schedule transmission to nodes to maximize total throughput in a proportionally fair way

Concomitant syphilis infection in patients with diagnosed HIV/AIDS: a retrospective multicentre study

WOS: 000448482200178

An unusual case of spontaneous acute tumor lysis syndrome associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature [3]

[No abstract available

Current status of HIV/AIDS-syphilis co-infections: A retrospective multicentre study

PubMedID: 31580558Objective: Treponema pallidum and HIV are transmitted frequently through sexual contact, these agents with epidemiological similarities co-infect the same host. The current number of HIV-infected cases in Turkey is increasing. For this reason, we aimed to reveal the characteristics of syphilis in HIV/AIDS cases. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was performed, patients were followed up at 24 clinics in 16 cities from all seven regions of Turkey between January 2010 to April 2018. We examined the socio-demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters and neurosyphilis association in HIV/AIDS-syphilis co-infected cases. Results: Among 3,641 patients with HIV-1 infection, 291 (8%) patients were diagnosed with syphilis co-infection. Most patients were older than 25 years (92%), 96% were males, 74% were working, 23% unemployed, and 3% were students. The three highest prevalence of syphilis were in Black Sea (10.3%), Mediterranean (8.4%) and Marmara Regions (7.4%). As for sexual orientation, 46% were heterosexuals, 42% men who have sex with men (MSM), and no data available for 12%. Patients with the number of CD4+ ? 350 mm3 reached 46%, 17% of the patients received antiretroviral therapy and neurosyphilis association reached 9%. Conclusion: Although HIV/AIDS-syphilis co-infection status appeared high in heterosexuals, MSM had a moderate level increase in cases. Our results suggested syphilis co-infection in HIV/AIDS cases should be integral part of monitoring in a national sexual transmitted diseases surveillance system. However, our data may provide base for HIV/syphilis prevention and treatment efforts in the future. © 2019, Czech National Institute of Public Health. All rights reserved

HIV cascade of care in Turkey: data from the HIV-TR cohort

Gokengin, Ayse/0000-0003-0704-2302;WOS: 000494690300226[No abstract available