Appendix to the Report of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America

In reaching the conclusions reflected in its report, the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America had the benefit of numerous papers prepared by consultants, expert witnesses and its own staff. The Commission decided that publication of some of this material in the fo.rm of an appendix would provide useful background to the report. Due to space limitations it was not possible to publish more than a fraction of the documents the Commission made use of in more than five months of intensive deliberations. The selection offered here is by necessity arbitrary; inclusion or exclusion of a particular paper should not be taken as indicating any measure of relative significance. The Commission\u27s records are being delivered to the National Archives (except for administrative material that will be held by the Department of State) and will be available to the public, as provided by law. 836 pp

Girls on the Run: Longitudinal findinds inform transformational learning and leadership

Afterschool programs have the potential to teach positive social, psychological, and physical skills to youth participants, but these benefits are not an automatic consequence of mere participation. Evidence-based research evaluating programs is necessary to determine magnitude of impact and explanations for positive season-long change. This study used a rigorous approach to evaluate the effectiveness of Girls on the Run on youth development, including competence, confidence, connection, character, caring (5Cs), and health outcomes. Because Girls on the Run (GOTR) is a positive youth development program, it was also important to assess if life skills were learned and transferred to other social situations. To accomplish study purposes, we asked two main questions: 1. Do Girls on the Run participants differ from a comparison group of girls not in Girls on the Run on developmental outcomes and life skills? 2. Do Girls on the Run participants show improvements from pre- to post-season on developmental outcomes and retain improvements three months after season’s end?https://fuse.franklin.edu/ss2018/1017/thumbnail.jp

Report of the CGIAR Task Force on Central/Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

Final report of a task force established at ICW95 to assess what, if any, research collaboration the CGIAR should undertake with the 28 countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It was presented at CGIAR International Centers Week in October - November 1996 by Task Force chair Rudy Rabbinge. A preliminary version of the report was discussed at MTM96. The Task Force recommended extending the CGIAR's geographic mandate to the area, which it divided into two regions with differing needs: Central and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia and the Caucasus. Countries in latter group qualified on per capital income levels alone for CGIAR attention. Programs undertaken should fall within a comprehensive strategy to be developed, correspond with CGIAR priorities and comparative advantage, and be financed with resources additional to those currently available to the CGIAR. Specific activities that could be implemented while planning was continuing were identified at ICARDA, CIMMYT, IPGRI, and ISNAR.Annexes include a paper on agricultural knowledge systems in transitional economies, tables of human, physical, and economic indicators for the countries, a list of CGIAR missions to the area, highlights of a workshop on research and seed production needs in dryland agriculture in the West and Central Asian republics, and a list of proposed CGIAR project activity

Report Of A Comprehensive Visit To Indiana State University February 28, 2000 - March 1, 2000

Committee report regarding the accreditation of Indiana State University

Secularism, fundamentalism or Catholicism: the religious composition of the United States to 2043

We provide a cohort-component projection of the religious composition of the United States, considering differences in fertility, migration, intergenerational religious transmission, and switching among 11 ethnoreligious groups. If fertility and migration trends continue, Hispanic Catholics will experience rapid growth and expand from 10 to 18 percent of the American population between 2003 and 2043. Protestants are projected to decrease from 47 to 39 percent over the same period, while Catholicism emerges as the largest religion among the youngest age cohorts. Liberal Protestants decline relative to other groups due to low fertility and losses from religious switching. Immigration drives growth among Hindus and Muslims, while low fertility and a mature age structure causes Jewish decline. The low fertility of secular Americans and the religiosity of immigrants provide a countervailing force to secularization, causing the nonreligious population share to peak before 2043

Explaining inconsistencies between data on condom use and condom sales

BACKGROUND: Several HIV prevention programs use data on condom sales and survey-based data on condom prevalence to monitor progress. However, such indicators are not always consistent. This paper aims to explain these inconsistencies and to assess whether the number of sex acts and the number of condoms used can be estimated from survey data. This would be useful for program managers, as it would enable estimation of the number of condoms needed for different target groups. METHODS: We use data from six Demographic and Health Surveys to estimate the total annual number of sex acts and number of condoms used. Estimates of the number of sex acts are based on self-reported coital frequency, the proportion reporting intercourse the previous day, and survival methods. Estimates of the number of condoms used are based on self-reported frequency of use, the proportion reporting condom use the previous day and in last intercourse. The estimated number of condoms used is then compared with reported data on condom sales and distribution. RESULTS: Analysis of data on the annual number of condoms sold and distributed to the trade reveals very erratic patterns, which reflect stock-ups at various levels in the distribution chain. Consequently, condom sales data are a very poor indicator of the level of condom use. Estimates of both the number of sexual acts and the number of condoms used vary enormously based on the estimation method used. For several surveys, the highest estimate of the annual number of condoms used is tenfold that of the lowest estimate. CONCLUSIONS: Condom sales to the trade are a poor indicator of levels of condom use, and are therefore insufficient to monitor HIV prevention programs. While survey data on condom prevalence allow more detailed monitoring, converting such data to an estimated number of sex acts and condoms used is not straightforward. The estimation methods yield widely different results, and it is impossible to determine which method is most accurate. Until the reliability of these various estimation methods can be established, estimating the annual number of condoms used from survey data will not be feasible. Collecting survey data on the number of sex acts and the number of condoms used in a fixed time period may enable the calculation of more reliable estimates of the number of sex acts and condoms used

Notes on Chinese amphibians

p. 397-611, [10] leaves of plates : ill., map ; 24 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 601-610)