Mild to moderate bleeding: diagnostic and therapeutic paths

We consider mild to moderate bleedings all bleeding events that do not meet the criteria proposed by the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) for the definition of major bleeding. As regards the approach to the bleeding patient, the first step is undoubtedly an accurate collection of clinical history and overall physical examination. Then, the etiological diagnosis of a bleeding disorder uses a series of laboratory investigations, divided into first level tests, which are intended to identify the altered phase of the hemostatic process, and second level ones, i.e. more specific tests used if screening tests are negative or to better characterize the alteration identified by them. For the treatment of a bleeding disorder there are several approaches, all strictly dependent on the etiologic diagnosis of this disorder

Sensory strategies in the architectural design process : a wayfinding study in a Steven Holl's unbuilt project, simulated with virtual reality

Orientador: Nubia BernardiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e UrbanismoResumo: A partir da leitura de textos referenciais sobre Realidade Virtual e do estudo de projetos do arquiteto Steven Holl, com contribuições da síntese de repertório de Juhani Pallasmaa (2011), desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa que visa compreender como algumas questões de percepção e orientabilidade são expressas em projetos. Tomou-se como caso de estudo um projeto não-construído de Steven Holl. Nesse sentido, o objetivo global de pesquisa foi avaliar a capacidade de um sistema de realidade virtual em contribuir para uma melhor percepção de um projeto arquitetônico, em comparação à percepção obtida através de análise gráfica. O método adotado, define-se como qualitativo e exploratório e procura comparar o nível de percepção sobre um projeto não-construído entre duas situações: Realidade Virtual e Análise Gráfica. A partir da comparação entre as respostas obtidas em um experimento, foi possível identificar as diferenças de percepção entre o percurso virtual, análise gráfica e suas relações com os diferentes perfis de participantes. Sabe-se que por mais rica que seja a representação em desenho de um grande arquiteto, muitas vezes esta linguagem não é compreendida por leigos. Ao invés de desenhos mais técnicos pode-se optar por compartilhar diagramas, ou percursos em realidade virtual. Para a amostra analisada, observou-se a não-manutenção da percepção com realidade virtual e Análise Gráfica. Verificou-se que os filtros de percepção influenciam de forma diversa na apresentação dos resultados dependendo da questão sendo avaliada e do meio de abstração. Foi possível traçar um perfil de usuário em que a utilização da Realidade Virtual é mais eficiente como ferramenta de adicionar percepção em relação a desenhos tradicionais de projeto. Diferentemente do esperado, em grande parte do experimento foi verificado que a ficha de análise gráfica foi mais eficiente como ferramenta de alterar percepção do que utilizando-se o dispositivo de realidade virtualAbstract: From the reading of referential texts about Virtual Reality and from the study of some projects designed by Steven Holl, with contributions from Juhani Pallasmaa's repertoire synthesis (2011), this document presents a research that aims to understand how some questions of perception and spatial orientation are expressed in anunbuilt Steven Holl's project. In this way, the overall objective is to evaluate the ability of a virtual reality system to contribute to a better perception of an architectural project, compared to the perception obtained through graphic analysis. The method adopted is defined as qualitative and exploratory and seeks to compare the level of perception about an unbuilt project between two situations: Virtual Reality and Graphic Analysis. From the comparison of the answers collected, it was possible to identify the differences in perception between the virtual reality, graphic analysis and its relations with the different profiles of participants. It is known that no matter how rich is the drawing skill of a great architect, often this language is not understood by lay people. Instead of more technical drawings one can choose to share diagrams, or presentations in virtual reality. For the analyzed sample, was observed the non-maintenance of perception with a virtual reality device and Graphic Analysis card. It was found that the perception filters influence in a different way the presentation of the results depending on the question being evaluated and the means of abstraction. It was possible to map a user profile in which the use of Virtual Reality is more efficient as a tool to add perception in relation to traditional design drawings. Differently from expected, in variuns moments of the experiment, it was verified that the graphic analysis card was more efficient as a tool to change perception than using the virtual reality deviceMestradoArquitetura, Tecnologia e CidadeMestre em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidad

the city without eyes: a study about tactile sensorial perception as a tool of project's reading

Como projetar um ambiente de qualidade, explorando de modo favorável a percepção sensorial de quem não vê o mundo com os olhos? Tendo conhecimento da relevância de instrumentos táteis como auxílio para orientação de pessoas com deficiência visual, este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre uma forma alternativa de pensar o processo de projeto sob o viés do fluxograma-tátil e expõe uma experiência de aplicação de uma metodologia, relacionada ao tema, em um trabalho final de graduação em arquitetura e urbanismo213136154How can we design an environment exploring the sensorial perception of those who don´t see the world with their own eyes? This paper presents a reflection about an alternative way of thinking about the design process, under the flowchart-tactile bias, and presents an experience of application of a methodology, related to the subject, in a final undergraduate thesis in architectur

Glycosyltransferase Family 61 in Liliopsida (Monocot): The Story of a Gene Family Expansion

Plant cell walls play a fundamental role in several plant traits and also influence crop use as livestock nutrition or biofuel production. The Glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) is involved in the synthesis of cell wall xylans. In grasses (Poaceae), a copy number expansion was reported for the GT61 family, and raised the question of the evolutionary history of this gene family in a broader taxonomic context. A phylogenetic study was performed on GT61 members from 13 species representing the major angiosperm clades, in order to classify the genes, reconstruct the evolutionary history of this gene family and study its expansion in monocots. Four orthogroups (OG) were identified in angiosperms with two of them displaying a copy number expansion in monocots. These copy number expansions resulted from both tandem and segmental duplications during the genome evolution of monocot lineages. Positive selection footprints were detected on the ancestral branch leading to one of the orthogroups suggesting that the gene number expansion was accompanied by functional diversification, at least partially. We propose an OG-based classification framework for the GT61 genes at different taxonomic levels of the angiosperm useful for any further functional or translational biology study

A genome-wide association study on the seedless phenotype in banana (Musa spp.) reveals the potential of a selected panel to detect candidate genes in a vegetatively propagated crop

Banana (Musa sp.) is a vegetatively propagated, low fertility, potentially hybrid and polyploid crop. These qualities make the breeding and targeted genetic improvement of this crop a difficult and long process. The Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) approach is becoming widely used in crop plants and has proven efficient to detecting candidate genes for traits of interest, especially in cereals. GWAS has not been applied yet to a vegetatively propagated crop. However, successful GWAS in banana would considerably help unravel the genomic basis of traits of interest and therefore speed up this crop improvement. We present here a dedicated panel of 105 accessions of banana, freely available upon request, and their corresponding GBS data. A set of 5,544 highly reliable markers revealed high levels of admixture in most accessions, except for a subset of 33 individuals from Papua. A GWAS on the seedless phenotype was then successfully applied to the panel. By applying the Mixed Linear Model corrected for both kinship and structure as implemented in TASSEL, we detected 13 candidate genomic regions in which we found a number of genes potentially linked with the seedless phenotype (i.e. parthenocarpy combined with female sterility). An additional GWAS performed on the unstructured Papuan subset composed of 33 accessions confirmed six of these regions as candidate. Out of both sets of analyses, one strong candidate gene for female sterility, a putative orthologous gene to Histidine Kinase CKI1, was identified. The results presented here confirmed the feasibility and potential of GWAS when applied to small sets of banana accessions, at least for traits underpinned by a few loci. As phenotyping in banana is extremely space and time-consuming, this latest finding is of particular importance in the context of banana improvement. (Résumé d'auteur

Genome-Wide classification and phylogenetic analyses of the GDSL-Type Esterase/Lipase (GELP) family in flowering plants

GDSL-type esterase/lipase (GELP) enzymes have key functions in plants, such as developmental processes, anther and pollen development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genes that encode GELP belong to a complex and large gene family, ranging from tens to more than hundreds of members per plant species. To facilitate functional transfer between them, we conducted a genome-wide classification of GELP in 46 plant species. First, we applied an iterative phylogenetic method using a selected set of representative angiosperm genomes (three monocots and five dicots) and identified 10 main clusters, subdivided into 44 orthogroups (OGs). An expert curation for gene structures, orthogroup composition, and functional annotation was made based on a literature review. Then, using the HMM profiles as seeds, we expanded the classification to 46 plant species. Our results revealed the variable evolutionary dynamics between OGs in which some expanded, mostly through tandem duplications, while others were maintained as single copies. Among these, dicot-specific clusters and specific amplifications in monocots and wheat were characterized. This approach, by combining manual curation and automatic identification, was effective in characterizing a large gene family, allowing the establishment of a classification framework for gene function transfer and a better understanding of the evolutionary history of GELP