International Student Athletes Research Project

This essay was created for Megen Boyett\u27s English 102 course

Aspectos clínico-patológicos das poxviroses em bovinos no Distrito Federal (2015-2018)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Animal, 2018.Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de casos de poxviroses diagnosticadas e notificadas em bovinos, no Distrito Federal (DF), entre 2015 a 2018, pelo Serviço Oficial Veterinário da Secretaria de Agricultura, Abastecimento e Desenvolvimento Rural do DF. Na maioria dos casos, foram coletadas amostras de lesões orais, cutâneas (tetos, úbere) ou podais para diagnóstico molecular por PCR. Em aproximadamente 70% dos casos, também foram coletados fragmentos para histopatologia. De 2.467 bovinos avaliados clinicamente, de 385 propriedades, 93 apresentaram lesões sugestivas e/ou compatíveis com poxviroses. Desses, foram confirmados 52 casos de poxviroses: 27 por VACV, nove por PCPV, oito por BPSV, cinco por coinfecção PCPV e BPSV e três por parapoxvírus não identificado. As enfermidades foram observadas em propriedades com diferentes tipos de exploração (corte, leite ou mista) e em nove das 30 regiões administrativas (RAs) do DF. As lesões macroscópicas consistiram de pápulas, vesículas, úlceras, crostas e cicatrizes, e variaram de tipo, intensidade e local acometido, de acordo com o(s) vírus detectado(s). Foi observado apenas um episódio de comprometimento humano em um caso de infecção por BPSV. Os achados histopatológicos foram muito similares, independente do poxvírus envolvido e incluíram inflamação linfoplasmo-histiocítica e/ou neutrofílica multifocal superficial leve a moderada com acantose e hiperqueratose paraqueratótica, usualmente associada a crostas serocelulares e espongiose. Nos casos com úlceras, havia áreas focalmente extensas de necrose com infiltrado acentuado de neutrófilos no tecido conjuntivo adjacente. Em seis casos (dois de VACV, dois de PCPV e dois de coinfecção por PCPV/BPSV), foi observada pequena a moderada quantidade de corpúsculos de inclusão eosinofílicos de 4-8 μm no citoplasma dos queratinócitos. Os dados do presente estudo demonstram que há ampla circulação de diferentes poxvírus em bovinos de diferentes categorias e em várias RAs do DF.A retrospective study of poxviruses cases diagnosed and notified in cattle, in Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil, between 2015 and 2018, was conducted. In the most cases, samples of oral, cutaneous (teats, udder) or roof lesions were collected to molecular diagnosis by PCR. In approximately 70% of the cases, additional samples were collected to histopathology. Out of 2,467 cattle analysed of 385 farms, 93 presented lesions sugestive and/or compatible with poxviruses. Fifty-two cases of poxviruses were confirmed: 27 by VACV, 9 by PCPV, 8 by BPSV, 5 by PCPV and BPSV coinfection, and 3 by not identified parapoxvirus. The diseases were observed in farms with diferente types of exploration (beef, dairy, or mixed cattle) and in 9 of 30 administrative regions (RAs) of DF. Gross findings include papules, vesicles, ulcers, crusts, and scars, and varied of type, intensity and affected tissue according to the detected virus. Only one episode of human infection in a case of BPSV was observed. Histopathology findings were very similar in all poxviruses and consisted of mild to moderate multifocal infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and/or neutrophils with acanthosis and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, usually associated to crusts and spongiosis. In the ulcerated cases, there was focally extensive areas of necrosis with severe infiltrate of neutrophils in the adjacent connective tissue. Few to moderate amount of cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies (4-8μm) were noted in six cases (two of VACV, two of PCPV and two of PCPV and BPSV coinfection). Data of the current study demonstrate that there is wide circulation of different poxvirus in cattle of different categories and in many RAs of DF

A memória, o equívoco e a reparação: uma análise sobre memória e o filme “Desejo e Reparação”

Este artigo pretende, por meio da análise do filme “Desejo e reparação”, baseado na obra de Ian McEwan, estudar como, em uma narrativa fundamentada, as memórias exercem influência no destino dos personagens. O estudo tomará como base uma das personagens protagonistas da história para, então, por intermédio de conceitos de memória, equívoco e reparação, entender os desdobramentos da narrativa. Em conclusão, pretende-se definir se, através de uma reparação, o uso da memória como forma de se desculpa pode ser a única forma de redenção da personagem

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala pasión por el trabajo en trabajadores de Huaraz

La investigación fue de tipo instrumental y como objetivo general se planteó determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala pasión por el trabajo en trabajadores de Huaraz. El instrumento que se usó para el estudio fue la Escala Pasión por el trabajo adaptado por Salessi y Omar en la republica de la Argentina. La muestra utilizada para el presente estudio fue de 384 trabajadores; entre ellos profesionales, técnicos y carreras afines, además se tomó en cuenta a ambos géneros, asimismo trabajadores del sector público y privado. Los resultados de la correlación item – factor fue >0.4, respecto al análisis factorial exploratorio los resultados fueron (Kaiser Meyer Olkin > 0.86 y Barlett < .001). En el análisis factorial confirmatorio se hallaron los siguientes valores de ajuste (CFI= 0.95; TLI= 0.94; GFI= 0.94; RMSEA= 0.06; SRMR= 0.04) y finalmente en los indicadores de confiabilidad de Omega y Alfa de Cronbach los valores obtenidos oscilan entre 0.84 y 0.87 siendo considerado como valores aceptables

Gabapentin and pregabalin for the acute post-operative pain management. A systematic-narrative review of the recent clinical evidences

Background: Gabapentin and pregabalin inhibit Ca2+ currents via high-voltage-activated channels containing the α2δ-1 subunit, reducing neurotransmitter release and attenuating the postsynaptic excitability. They are antiepileptic drugs successfully used also for the chronic pain treatment. A large number of clinical trials indicate that gabapentin and pregabalin could be effective as postoperative analgesics. This systematic-narrative review aims to analyse the most recent evidences regarding the effect of gabapentinoids on postoperative pain treatment. Methods: Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE and CINHAL were searched for recent (2006-2009) randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of gabapentin-pregabalin for postoperative pain relief in adults. Quality of RCTs was evaluated according to Jadad method. Visual analogue scale (VAS), opioid consumption and side-effects (nausea, vomiting, dizziness and sedation) were considered the most important outcomes. Results: An overall of 22 gabapentin (1640 patients), 8 pregabalin (707 patients) RCTs and seven meta-analysis were involved in this review. Gabapentin provided better post-operative analgesia and rescue analgesics sparing than placebo in 6 of the 10 RCTs that administered only pre-emptive analgesia. Fourteen RCTs suggested that gabapentin did not reduce PONV when compared with placebo, clonidine or lornoxicam. Pregabalin provided better post-operative analgesia and rescue analgesics sparing than placebo in two of the three RCTs that evaluated the effects of pregabalin alone vs placebo. Four studies reported no pregabalin effects on preventing the PONV. Conclusion: Gabapentin and pregabalin reduce pain and opioid consumption after surgery in confront with placebo, but comparisons with other standard post-operative regimens are not sufficient. Gabapentin and pregabalin seem not to have any influence on the prevention of PONV

Comparing continuous lumbar plexus block, continuous epidural block and continuous lumbar plexus block with a parasacral sciatic nerve block on post-operative analgesia after hip arthroplasty

Study Objective: To compare post-operative analgesia obtained by continuous lumbar epidural block (CLEB) versus continuous lumbar plexus block (CLPB) versus CLPB associated with a single shot parasacral sciatic nerve block (CLEBS) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Study design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: Operating room, postoperative care unit, orthopedic surgical ward. Methods: 78 ASA I-III patients undergoing elective THA were randomly assigned to receive CLEB (n=24, 15-20 ml of 5 mg/ml ropivacaine, sufentanil 10 mg, clonidine 1 mg/ml), CLPB (n=22, 3mg/kg of 5 mg/ml of ropivacaine, max. 40 ml, clonidine 1 mg/ml, sufentanil 10 mg) or CLPBS (n=23, CLPB as described above; sciatic nerve: 20 ml of ropivacaine 5 mg/ml, clonidine 1 mg/ml). All patients received continuous infusion of 2 mg/ml of ropivacaine, 8 ml/h for 48 hours. Primary outcome was pain intensity assessment (VAS and VS). Secondary outcomes were postoperative total opioid consumption, hemodynamic stability, motor blockade, blood loss, intraoperative sufentanil and propofol consumption, patient satisfaction and complications. Results: VAS was lower in the CLEB group than in the CLPB and CLPBS groups respectively for 6 and 12 hours postoperatively (post-surgery p<0.001, 2h p<0.001, 6h p<0.001, 12h p<0.03)(Table 2). Moreover, CLPSB patients reported lower VAS than CLPB patients from the end of the surgery till the 12th follow up hour (Table 2). VS was lower in the CLEB group from the end of surgery to 6h postoperatively (Table 3). The CLPB group showed higher morphine consumption than the CLPSB and CLEB groups over 12 h postoperatively (p=0.05); thereafter, no statistically significant diferences were observed between groups at the end of follow up (48h) (p=0.4) (Table 4). onclusion: In conclusion, continuous lumbar plexus block in association with single shot sciatic nerve block is a valid alternative to epidural technique in managing postoperative analgesia after THA, with an improved risk-benefit balanc

Determinantes da recente expansão da cultura da soja no estado de Mato Grosso

Compreender o que impulsiona, catalisa ou impede a mudança de uso da terra na fronteira agrícola brasileira é uma condição para o desenho efetivo de políticas locais, o que por sua vez pode ter implicações para a produção de alimentos, a conservação ambiental e as emissões de gases de efeito estufa em todo o mundo. Analisou-se o processo de expansão agrícola em Mato Grosso, o maior produtor agrícola do País, mapeando e quantificando a incorporação de novas áreas de cultivo e a conversão das existentes em campos mecanizados de soja no nível de fazenda. Através de modelagem estatística, também se investigou a influência de variáveis econômicas, agronômicas e logísticas fundamentais nesse processo, considerando as recentes mudanças na legislação ambiental brasileira. Constatou-se que a área convertida para a produção de soja aumentou quase 1,5 milhão de hectares entre 2009 e 2013, porém mais de 70% ocorreram em fazendas que já possuíam soja em anos anteriores. Comparando o poder explicativo de oito modelos de regressão envolvendo diferentes grupos de variáveis, verificou-se que a expansão da soja está fortemente associada à própria presença de soja, bem como de armazéns dentro da distância de 50 a 100 quilômetros. De acordo com o modelo com os melhores resultados, a ampliação da soja também tem probabilidade de ocorrer em áreas de alto valor de conservação natural. Finalmente, a sensibilidade da expansão da soja aos preços correntes do período indicou que ainda há um grande potencial de crescimento agrícola em Mato Grosso, aumentando a importância estratégica de investimentos logísticos inteligentes que promovam o desenvolvimento regional aliado à proteção ambiental.Understanding what drives, catalyzes or constraints land use change in the Brazilian agricultural frontier is a condition for effective policy design at the local level, which in turn might have implications for food production, environmental conservation and GHG emissions worldwide. We analyzed the process of agricultural expansion in the state of Mato Grosso, the country’s largest agricultural producer, by mapping and quantifying the incorporation of new farming areas and the conversion of existing ones into mechanized soybean fields at the farm-level. Through statistical modeling, we also investigated the influence of key economic, biophysical, environmental and logistics variables on this process while accounting for recent changes in the Brazilian environmental legislation. We found that the area converted to soybean production increased almost 1,5 million hectares between 2009 and 2013, but more than 70% of which in farms that already had some soybean in previous years. By comparing the explanatory power of eight regression models involving different groups of variables, we found that soy expansion is strongly associated with the presence of soybean fields and warehouses within a distance between 50 and 100 kilometers. According to the model with the largest explanatory results, soy expansion is likely to occur also in areas of high conservation value. Finally, the sensitivity of soy expansion to soy prices indicated the potential for further agricultural growth in Mato Grosso while highlighting how crucial smart logistics investments that promote regional development combined with environmental protection

The comparing of ultrasound-guided techniques:sciatic block with continous lumbar plexus block or continous femoral nerve block for aneshtesia and analgesia of total knee replacement

Abstract: Background and Aims: This double blind prospective randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of continuous ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block compared to continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block, in the intra-operative and postoperative periods after total knee replacement. Methods: Forty ASA I-III patients were randomized to receive: continuous femoral block (n= 20, 30 ml of ropivacaine 5 mg/ml) or continuous lumbar plexus block (n= 20, 30 ml of ropivacaine 5 mg/ml) both in association with single injection sciatic nerve block. All patients received continuous infusion of 2 mg/ml of ropivacaine at 8 ml/h for 48 hours and intra- venous morphine for patient-controlled analgesia. Primary outcomes were intra-operative sufentanil consumption and verbal analogue scale (VAS) score at rest at 24h follow up. Results: Intra-operative sufentanil consumption was higher in the femoral block (FEM) group compared to the lumbar plexus block (PSOAS) group (FEM: 10.00 (10.00, 17.50) μg; PSOAS: 2.50 (0.00, 10.00) μg. p= 0.002). Obturator motor blockade occurred more frequently in the PSOAS group (70%) than in the FEM group (40%) (p=0.1); however, we found no differences in sensory blockade (p=0.6). VAS at rest was similar in the two groups at 24h postoperatively (FEM: 29.50 ± 14.74 mm; PSOAS: 25.60 ±17.42 mm. p=0.4), and throughout the follow-up period. No differences were detected in pain scores during physiotherapy. Conclusion: Continuous femoral and lumbar plexus blocks, both in association with sciatic nerve block, provided similar VAS scores at 24h, and throughout the follow-up period; intra-operative sufentanil consumption was, however, lower in the lumbar plexus block group

Valores de referência do lipidograma de bovinos da raça holandesa, criados no Estado de São Paulo

In order to establish the reference values for the lipid profile of Holstein cattle, bred in the state of São Paulo we analyzed samples of blood serum and plasma of 413 healthy animals. We suggest, based on the confidence interval, the use of the following reference values: cholesterol - between 86.5 and 120.8 mg/dL for calves up to 3 months old; between 46.3 and 79.7 mg/dL for calves between 3 and 12 months; between 86.4 and 105.0 mg/dL for heifers between 12 and 24 months; between 116.0 and 147.9 mg/dL for cows older than 24 months; triglycerides - between 16.3 and 34.8 mg/dL for animals up to 48 months; between 14.9 and 24.0 mg/dL for animals older than 48 months; NEFA - between 91.3 and 294.0 µM/L regardless of the age; ß-HBO - between 1.1 and 2.1 mg/dL for calves up to 3 months old; between 3.37 and 6.2 mg/dL for animals older than 3 months; glucose - between 75.1 and 88.3 mg/dL for calves up to 3 months old; between 64.0 and 76.1 mg/dL for animals between 3 and 24 months; between 60.6 and 67.2 mg/dL for cows older than 24 months. For adult males, older than 24 months, we suggest different reference values for the following constituents: cholesterol - between 73.9 and 90.2 mg/dL; ß-HBO - between 3.1 and 3.6 mg/dL and glucose - between 71.9 and 76.5 mg/dL. The reference values that were previously presented should not be used for cows in the last month of gestation and in the first 45 days of lactation. In this case, the reference values should be specific for animals around parturition.Com o intuito de estabelecer os valores de referência do lipidograma de bovinos, da raça Holandesa, criados no Estado de São Paulo foram examinadas amostras de soro e plasma sangüíneo de 413 bovinos clinicamente sadios. Baseado nos intervalos de confiança, recomenda-se a adoção dos valores de referência: colesterol - entre 86,5 e 120,8 mg/dL para bezerros com até 3 meses; entre 46,3 e 79,7 mg/dL para bezerros com 3 a 12 meses; entre 86,4 e 105,0 mg/dL para novilhas com 12 a 24 meses e entre 116,0 e 147,9 mg/dL para vacas com mais de 24 meses de idade; triglicérides - entre 16,3 e 34,8 mg/dL para vacas com até 48 meses e entre 14,9 e 24,0 mg/dL para vacas com mais de 48 meses de idade; AGNE - entre 91,3 e 294,0 µM/L independente da idade; ß-HBO - entre 1,1 e 2,1 mg/dL para bezerros com até 3 meses e entre 3,37 e 6,2 mg/dL para animais com mais de 3 meses de idade; glicose - entre 75,1 e 88,3 mg/dL para bezerros com até 3 meses; entre 64,0 e 76,1 mg/dL para animais com 3 a 24 meses; entre: 60,6 e 67,2 mg/dL para vacas com mais de 24 meses. Para machos adultos recomenda-se a adoção de valores de referência diferenciados para: colesterol - entre 73,9 e 90,2 mg/dL; ß-HBO - entre 3,1 e 3,6 mg/dL e glicose - entre 71,9 e 76,5 mg/dL. Os valores de referência apresentados não devem ser utilizados para vacas que estejam no último mês de gestação e nos primeiros 45 dias de lactação, recomenda-se para este período valores de referência específicos para animais no periparto