Innovative technologies for cancer research

The next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 gene editing are innovative technologies used in genetics and molecular biology which have been revolutionizing the field of cancer research. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is defined by modern sequencing technologies that allow to sequence millions of DNA and RNA strands much more quickly and cheaply than the conventional Sanger sequencing. These methodologies have raised the knowledge of the cancer genomes contributing for the improvement of the personalized medicine. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a powerful methodology, which provides unparalleled potential for editing human and non-human genomes. Bacteria use CRISPR naturally as an anti-viral defense immunity mechanism. CRISPR DNA sequences are transcribed into RNAs that in turn can destroy very specific viral DNA sequences via the Cas9 nuclease. Due the specificity of this method, CRISPR-Cas9 may be used in several potential applications in cancer biology: correction of genetic mutations, rapid generation of mouse models and gene therapy. These innovative technologies offer exciting cues in the understanding of cancer genomes and with great opportunities in the improvement of the cancer treatment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Learner-Centered Teaching and Teaching Statistics in Social Sciences

Este ensayo revisa críticamente los principios centrales del enfoque de enseñanza centrada en el quien aprende. Para esto, nos centramos en la estadística como contenido educacional para estudiantes de educación superior en el área de ciencias sociales. Este contenido fue escogido porque en general se trata de un contenido altamente estructurado, lo que nos hace suponer que emplear aprendizaje activo es más difícil. En este artículo revisamos diferentes contribuciones teóricas y empíricas al enfoque de enseñanza centrada en quien aprende aplicado a la enseñanza de la estadística en las ciencias sociales presentando algunos ejemplos del campo de la sociología. Finalmente, entregamos una propuesta de un breve marco teórico y algunas preguntas de investigación parar futuras investigaciones en esta área

Miguel de Torres Hena, master of the tower monstrance of the Valladolid cathedral (Mexico)

Este artículo versa sobre la historia de la construcción de la custodia de asiento de la catedral de Valladolid en México, obra del platero mexicano Miguel de Torres Hena y finalizada en 1608, evidenciando con ella la existencia de esta tipología en tierras novohispanas.This paper deals with the history of the construction of the tower monstrance of the Valladolid Cathedral in Mexico, a work by the Mexican silversmith Miguel de Torres Hena in 1608, showing the existence of this model in New Spain

Carceleras : argumento del drama lírico en un acto y tres cuadros, letra de Ricardo R. Flores, música del maestro Vicente Peydró

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Characterization of a β-glucanase produced by Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus, and its potential for application in the brewing industry

BACKGROUND: In the barley malting process, partial hydrolysis of β-glucans begins with seed germination. However, the endogenous 1,3-1,4-β-glucanases are heat inactivated, and the remaining high molecular weight β-glucans may cause severe problems such as increased brewer mash viscosity and turbidity. Increased viscosity impairs pumping and filtration, resulting in lower efficiency, reduced yields of extracts, and lower filtration rates, as well as the appearance of gelatinous precipitates in the finished beer. Therefore, the use of exogenous β-glucanases to reduce the β-glucans already present in the malt barley is highly desirable. RESULTS: The zygomycete microfungus Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus secreted substantial amounts of β-glucanase in liquid culture medium containing 0.5% chitin. An active protein was isolated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies of the β-glucanase activity-containing culture supernatant. This isolated protein hydrolyzed 1,3-1,4-β-glucan (barley β-glucan), but showed only residual activity against 1,3-β-glucan (laminarin), or no activity at all against 1,4-β-glucan (cellulose), indicating that the R. microsporus var. microsporus enzyme is a member of the EC 3.2.1.73 category. The purified protein had a molecular mass of 33.7 kDa, as determined by mass spectrometry. The optimal pH and temperature for hydrolysis of 1,3-1,4-β-glucan were in the ranges of 4–5, and 50–60°C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values for hydrolysis of β-glucan at pH 5.0 and 50°C were 22.39 mg.mL(-1 )and 16.46 mg.min(-1), respectively. The purified enzyme was highly sensitive to Cu(+2), but showed less or no sensitivity to other divalent ions, and was able to reduce both the viscosity and the filtration time of a sample of brewer mash. In comparison to the values determined for the mash treated with two commercial glucanases, the relative viscosity value for the mash treated with the 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase produced by R. microsporus var. microsporus. was determined to be consistently lower. CONCLUSION: The zygomycete microfungus R. microsporus var. microsporus produced a 1,3-1,4-β-D-glucan 4-glucanhydrolase (EC 3.2.1.73) which is able to hydrolyze β-D-glucan that contains both the 1,3- and 1,4-bonds (barley β-glucans). Its molecular mass was 33.7 kDa. Maximum activity was detected at pH values in the range of 4–5, and temperatures in the range of 50–60°C. The enzyme was able to reduce both the viscosity of the brewer mash and the filtration time, indicating its potential value for the brewing industry

La verbena de la Paloma ò El boticario y las chulapas, y Celos mal reprimidos : argumento del sainete lírico en un acto y en prosa, original de Ricardo de la Vega, música del Maestro Tomás Bretón

Estrenado en el Teatro Apolo de Madrid el 17 de febrero de 1894Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Lie algebra on synchronization of different systems: a generalized function for Hodgkin-Huxley neurons

"In this contribution two results are taken: (1) The synchronization of noiseless Hodgkin- Huxley (HH) neurons is possible from robust feedback based on Lie algebra approaches and (2) the fact that, from Lie algebra of vector fields, the generalized synchronization of different (triangular form) chaotic systems can be used to derive an explicit synchronization function. Both results are extended to derive the synchronization function in HH neurons despite this systems are not in triangular form. Thus, the Lie algebra of vectors fields permits to establish a theoretical framework for finding the synchroniza- tion function in chaotic systems in face they have different model.

Comprehensive Assessment of TERT mRNA Expression across a Large Cohort of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumours

The presence of TERT promoter (TERTp) mutations in thyroid cancer have been associated with worse prognosis features, whereas the extent and meaning of the expression and activation of TERT in thyroid tumours is still largely unknown. We analysed frozen samples from a series of benign and malignant thyroid tumours, displaying non-aggressive features and low mutational burden in order to evaluate the presence of TERTp mutations and TERT mRNA expression in these settings. In this series, TERTp mutations were found in 2%, only in malignant cases, in larger cancers, and from older patients. TERT mRNA expression was detected in both benign and malignant tumours, with increased frequencies in the malignant tumours with aggressive histotypes, larger tumours, and from older patients. In benign tumours, TERT mRNA expression was found in 17% of the follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) with increased levels of expression in smaller tumours and associated with the presence of thyroiditis. TERTp mutations and TERT mRNA expression are correlated with worse prognosis features in malignant thyroid tumours, whereas TERT mRNA expression in the benign tumours is associated with the presence of thyroiditis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The influence of electron beam radiation in the nutritional value, chemical composition and bioactivities of edible flowers of Bauhinia variegata L. var. candida alba Buch.-Ham from Brazil

As edible flowers are highly perishable, irradiation technology can be applied to increase their shelf life, as also for phytosanitary purposes. Herein, flowers of Bauhinia variegata L. var. candida alba Buch.-Ham were submitted to electron beam irradiation at the doses of 0.5, 0.8 and 1 kGy, to study the effects in the nutritional and chemical profiles, and also in antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The petals of white flowers revealed interesting bioactive properties being kaempferol derivatives the most abundant compounds, especially kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. The applied irradiation doses did not highly affect the nutritional profile. No changes were produced in cytotoxicity, but the anti-inflammatory activity slightly decreased. However, the antioxidant activity was increased, especially in the dose of 0.5 kGy, in agreement with the higher content in phenolic compounds found at this dose.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio