Semantiske og pragmatiske aspekter ved trykklett visst

I denne artikkelen ser vi på betydningen til trykklett visst og viser hvordan man kan utføre korpusundersøkelser av semantiske og pragmatiske aspekter ved denne typen ikke-sannhetsfunksjonelle ord. Vi foreslår at de mange bruksmåtene for ordet kan sammenfattes under ett semantisk oppslag, og med utgangspunkt i relevansteorien (Sperber & Wilson 1995) viser vi hvordan denne semantikken interagerer med generelle prinsipper for pragmatisk beriking og fører til ulike fortolkninger i ulike kontekster. Vi hevder videre at enkelte pragmatisk betingede fortolkninger av visst opptrer så systematisk at de utgjør det Ariel (2008; 2010) kaller âprominente diskursmønstreâ, og vi argumenterer for at det å identifisere prominente diskursmønstre er viktig i studier av denne typen ord

Novel snakebite therapeutics must be tested in appropriate rescue models to robustly assess their preclinical efficacy

In the field of antivenom research, development, and manufacture, it is often advised to follow the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines for the production, control, and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins, which recommend the use of preincubation assays to assess the efficacy of snakebite therapeutics. In these assays, venom and antivenom are mixed and incubated prior to in vivo administration to rodents, which allows for a standardizable comparison of antivenoms with similar characteristics. However, these assays are not necessarily sufficient for therapeutics with significantly different pharmacological properties than antibody-based antivenoms, such as small molecule inhibitors, nanoparticles, and other modalities. To ensure that the in vivo therapeutic utility of completely novel toxin-neutralizing molecules with no history of use in envenoming therapy and variable pharmacokinetics is properly evaluated, such molecules must also be tested in preclinical rescue assays, where rodents are first challenged with appropriate doses of venoms or toxins, followed by the administration of neutralizing modalities after an appropriate time delay to better mimic the real-life scenarios faced by human snakebite victims. Such an approach takes the venom (or toxin) toxicokinetics, the drug pharmacokinetics, and the drug pharmacodynamics into consideration. If new modalities are only assessed in preincubation assays and not subjected to evaluation in rescue assays, the publication of neutralization data may unintentionally misrepresent the actual therapeutic efficacy and suitability of the modality being tested, and thus potentially misguide strategic decision making in the research and development of novel therapies for snakebite envenomingVillum Foundation/[Project 00025302]//DinamarcaBioPorto Diagnostics A/S/[]//DinamarcaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP

Transgenerational and intergenerational epigenetic inheritance in allergic diseases

It has become clear that early life (including in utero exposures) is a key window of vulnerability during which environmental exposures can alter developmental trajectories and initiate allergic disease development. However, recent evidence suggests that there might be additional windows of vulnerability to environmental exposures in the parental generation before conception or even in previous generations. There is evidence suggesting that information of prior exposures can be transferred across generations, and experimental animal models suggest that such transmission can be conveyed through epigenetic mechanisms. Although the molecular mechanisms of intergenerational and transgenerationational epigenetic transmission have yet to be determined, the realization that environment before conception can alter the risks of allergic diseases has profound implications for the development of public health interventions to prevent disease. Future research in both experimental models and in multigenerational human cohorts is needed to better understand the role of intergenerational and transgenerational effects in patients with asthma and allergic disease. This will provide the knowledge basis for a new approach to efficient intervention strategies aimed at reducing the major public health challenge of these conditions.publishedVersio

SKALA UNTUK MENILAI SIKAP-SIKAP SISWA SMA KELAS XI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN HIDROKARBON

Penelitian ini berjudul “Skala Untuk Menilai Sikap-Sikap Siswa SMA Kelas XI dalam Pembelajaran Hidrokarbon”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrumen penilaian sikap yang berbentuk skala Likert untuk menilai sikap-sikap siswa SMA kelas XI dalam pembelajaran hidrokarbon. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pengembangan dan validasi (development and validation). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa SMA kelas XI MIA di SMA Negeri 4 Bandung, dan SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung, serta SMA Negeri 3 Subang Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016 yang melibatkan 260 siswa pada tahap uji coba instrumen dan 120 siswa pada tahap aplikasi produk. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar validasi (yang dilakukan kepada lima validator) dan skala sikap siswa. Sebanyak 52 butir pernyataan dilakukan uji validitas menjadi 44 butir pernyataan yang dinyatakan valid dengan nilai CVR hitung sebesar 1,000. Reliabilitas tiap komponen penilaian sikap dinilai melalui uji coba instrumen yang dilakukan kepada siswa dengan menggunakan Alpha Cronbach dan diperoleh nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,897. Dari 44 butir pernyataan menjadi 37 butir pernyataan yang memenuhi syarat butir pernyataan yang baik. Profil sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran hidrokarbon yang diberikan guru secara keseluruhan memberikan sikap yang positif. ---------- This study entitled “Scale to Assess High School Students Attitudes of Classes XI in Learning Hydrocarbons”. This research aims to produce an attitude assessment instruments in form of Likert scale to assess the attitudes of high school students of class XI in learning hydrocarbons. The method used is the method development and validation. Research was conducted on high school students of class XI MIA in SMAN 4 Bandung, SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung, and SMAN 3 Subang Academic Year 2015/2016 involving 260 students at the stage of testing instruments and 120 students at the stage of product applications. Instruments used in the form of validation sheet (which is done to the five validator) and attitude scale. A total 52 point statement to test the validity to 44 point declaration is valid with value of the CVR count of 1,000. Reliability of each component of the attitude assessment instruments assessed through testing done to students by using Alpha Cronbach and obtained reliability value of 0,897. From the 44 point to 37 point declaration qualify good point statement. Profile students attitude toward learning hydrocarbons as whole gives a positive attitude

Kunnskapsstatus i REBO: Bærekraftig oppgradering av boligblokker - med fokus på miljøvennlig energibruk og universell utforming

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Conceptual framework for a Danish human biomonitoring program

The aim of this paper is to present the conceptual framework for a Danish human biomonitoring (HBM) program. The EU and national science-policy interface, that is fundamental for a realization of the national and European environment and human health strategies, is discussed, including the need for a structured and integrated environmental and human health surveillance program at national level. In Denmark, the initiative to implement such activities has been taken. The proposed framework of the Danish monitoring program constitutes four scientific expert groups, i.e. i. Prioritization of the strategy for the monitoring program, ii. Collection of human samples, iii. Analysis and data management and iv. Dissemination of results produced within the program. This paper presents the overall framework for data requirements and information flow in the integrated environment and health surveillance program. The added value of an HBM program, and in this respect the objectives of national and European HBM programs supporting environmental health integrated policy-decisions and human health targeted policies, are discussed