Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Propuesta didáctica: “Aula – Museo de la Patagonia".

Fil: Conte Grand, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; Argentina.Distintos conflictos sociales y ambientales al ser agravados se expanden tomando lugar en un escenario global. Los caminos que permiten enfrentar estos problemas deben ser descubiertos, apropiados y defendidos por las comunidades locales. La educación ambiental representa un punto de partida hacia los modelos ecológica y socialmente sostenibles. En la construcción de relaciones naturaleza-sociedad es necesario el desarrollo de procesos educativos que permitan motivar el interés, generar nuevas percepciones y despertar nuevas valoraciones y actitudes en la población. En el entorno del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, las riquezas naturales de la Patagonia, sus culturas originarias y conflictos ambientales y territoriales, forman parte de la identidad de esta región. Uno de los puntos de encuentro entre los valores del parque y su población local, lo constituye el Museo de la Patagonia "Dr. Francisco P. Moreno", situado en la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche. Los museos proporcionan diferentes posibilidades para distintas formas de aprendizaje y niveles de enseñanza.Different social and environmental conflicts, when aggravated, expand taking place in a global scenario. The roads that allow us to face these problems must be discovered, appropriate and defended by local communities. Environmental education represents a starting point towards ecologically and socially sustainable models. In the construction of nature-society relations, the development of educational processes is necessary to motivate interest, generate new perceptions and awaken new valuations and attitudes in the population. In the surroundings of the Nahuel Huapi National Park, the natural riches of Patagonia, their original cultures and environmental and territorial conflicts are part of the identity of this region. One of the meeting points between the values of the park and its local population is the Museum of Patagonia "Dr. Francisco P. Moreno", located in the city of San Carlos de Bariloche. Museums provide different possibilities for different forms of learning and levels of education

Populations of Odontesthes (Teleostei: Atheriniformes) in the Andean region of Southern South America: body shape and hybrid individuals

The original distribution area of the Patagonian 'pejerrey' Odontesthes hatcheri has been subjected to the introduction of a related species; the Bonaerensean 'pejerrey' Odontesthes bonariensis. This species currently coexists with O. hatcheri in lakes and reservoirs, and can interbreed and produce fertile hybrid offspring. The purposes of this study were; a) the extensive sampling of Patagonian and Andean-Cuyan populations of pejerrey, b) the species identification according to taxonomic key, c) validation of taxonomic results on the basis of mitochondrial DNA composition, and d) applying morphometric analysis to explore the effects of hybridization and environmental conditions on body shape. Cytochrome b sequence analysis showed a high degree of genetic divergence between species and low intraspecific variation in O. hatcheri. Geometric Morphometric Analyses detected shape differences in agreement with diagnostic characteristics of each species. Putative hybrids exhibiting intermediate diagnostic characteristics were identified by Geometric Morphometric Analysis. Significant regressions between body shape and total phosphorus and altitude were found, suggesting a dependence on trophic web structure. This multi-level approach suggests the introgression of O. bonariensis into several O. hatcheri populations throughout Patagonia. Managers should take this into account when considering further exotic introductions into regions where non-native fishes have not yet become established

Populations of Odontesthes (Teleostei: Atheriniformes) in the Andean region of Southern South America: body shape and hybrid individuals

The original distribution area of the Patagonian 'pejerrey' Odontesthes hatcheri has been subjected to the introduction of a related species; the Bonaerensean 'pejerrey' Odontesthes bonariensis. This species currently coexists with O. hatcheri in lakes and reservoirs, and can interbreed and produce fertile hybrid offspring. The purposes of this study were; a) the extensive sampling of Patagonian and Andean-Cuyan populations of pejerrey, b) the species identification according to taxonomic key, c) validation of taxonomic results on the basis of mitochondrial DNA composition, and d) applying morphometric analysis to explore the effects of hybridization and environmental conditions on body shape. Cytochrome b sequence analysis showed a high degree of genetic divergence between species and low intraspecific variation in O. hatcheri. Geometric Morphometric Analyses detected shape differences in agreement with diagnostic characteristics of each species. Putative hybrids exhibiting intermediate diagnostic characteristics were identified by Geometric Morphometric Analysis. Significant regressions between body shape and total phosphorus and altitude were found, suggesting a dependence on trophic web structure. This multi-level approach suggests the introgression of O. bonariensis into several O. hatcheri populations throughout Patagonia. Managers should take this into account when considering further exotic introductions into regions where non-native fishes have not yet become established

Cephalic morphological variation in freshwater silversides, Odontesthes hatcheri and Odontesthes bonariensis in Patagonia: introgression and ecological relationships

Formerly, Odontesthes hatcheri (Eigenmann) was present in Cuyo and Patagonia. The area was repeatedly stocked with Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes) during the 1930s. In a recent survey, O. bonariensis individuals were captured mostly in northern localities whereas O. hatcheri ones were captured in the south. Based on Geometric Morphometrics and Discriminant Analysis, the percentage of O. hatcheri and O. bonariensis individuals indentified by a taxonomic key and misclassified by Discriminant Analysis was obtained and a negative correlation between the percentage of misclassified individuals of O. hatcheri and the distance to the nearest hatchery stocking silversides was found, suggesting a genetic introgression. Morphological analyses between species, between populations, and within populations pointed to the same anatomical structures, suggesting a nested variation related with environmental cues like availability of littoral shelter. The dependence between the cephalic morphology of O. hatcheri and body size would be in agreement with the trophic niche shifts of the species. Introgression adds a new threat to the already observed decline of populations of O. hatcheri and suggests that this species deserves particular consideration in terms of conservation guidelines.Fil: Crichigno, Sonia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Conte-grand, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Battini, M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Cussac, Victor Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Displacement of native Patagonian freshwater silverside populations (Odontesthes hatcheri, Atherinopsidae) by introgressive hybridization with introduced O. bonariensis

The Patagonian silverside Odontesthes hatcheri is a native fish restricted to streams and lakes of Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). Stocking programs to enhance recreational fisheries in man-made reservoirs have introduced a nonnative, closely-related species (the pejerrey O. bonariensis) in Patagonia almost a century ago, and yet little is known about the invasiveness of this species. To evaluate the impact of these introductions we analyze genetic data (microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA) to quantify the incidence of hybridization between these two species and assess potential effects on native population structure. Phylogeographic analyses reveal weak geographic differentiation among populations of O. hatcheri, in agreement with previous studies for other freshwater fishes in Patagonia strongly influenced by Quaternary glaciations and hydrographic basin changes since the last glaciation. However, many populations have unique genetic pools. In several areas, introductions resulted in extensive hybridization, with high frequencies of F2 and backcrossed hybrids in natural populations, and in some cases O. bonariensis has completely displaced the native populations. The negative impact of these introductions on native populations is correlated to temperature, a critical parameter in the face of global warming, suggesting that invasiveness of O. bonariensis may increase in the future. Our results advise against continuing stocking programs to preserve the integrity of natural populations of the Patagonian silverside.Fil: Rueda, Eva Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Mullaney, Kerry A.. The George Washington University; Estados UnidosFil: Conte-Grand, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Habit, Evelyn M.. Universidad de Concepción and Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas Patagónicos; ChileFil: Cussac, Victor Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Ortí, Guillermo. The George Washington University; Estados Unido

Abundance of native fishes, wild introduced salmonids, and escaped farmed rainbow trout in a Patagonian reservoir

Salmonid introduction in Patagonia has caused a notorious impact on lakes and a major impact on streams, where native fishes seem to have been displaced almost completely by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. From another perspective, the introduced salmonid species have originated wild populations that sustain an economically important sport fishery. The wide distribution of escaped farmed rainbow trout, its high abundance, and a clear decrease in the abundance of native and successfully introduced salmonid species in the Alicura Reservoir were all observed comparing recent with 1993-1995 data corresponding to littoral gillnet captures. Therefore both, native fish and introduced salmonids seem to have been drastically reduced in the presence of farmed escapees. Present results regarding fish escapes deserve to be considered when the time comes to make decisions about cage culture in other Patagonian reservoirs.Fil: Cussac, Victor Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Becker, Leandro Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Aigo, Juana del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Conte-Grand, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Blasetti, Guillermo. Autoridad Interjurisdiccional de Las Cuencas de Los Ríos Limay Neuqu en y Negro; ArgentinaFil: Cordero, Pedro. Autoridad Interjurisdiccional de Las Cuencas de Los Ríos Limay Neuqu en y Negro; ArgentinaFil: Crichigno, Sonia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Nabaes Jodar, Diego Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentin

Data from: Barcoding snakeheads (Teleostei, Channidae) revisited: discovering greater species diversity and resolving perpetuated taxonomic confusions

Snakehead fishes of the family Channidae are predatory freshwater teleosts from Africa and Asia comprising 38 valid species. Snakeheads are important food fishes (aquaculture, live food trade) and have been introduced widely with several species becoming highly invasive. A channid barcode library was recently assembled by Serrao and co-workers to better detect and identify potential and established invasive snakehead species outside their native range. Comparing our own recent phylogenetic results of this taxonomically confusing group with those previously reported revealed several inconsistencies that prompted us to expand and improve on previous studies. By generating 343 novel snakehead coxI sequences and combining them with an additional 434 coxI sequences from GenBank we highlight several problems with previous efforts towards the assembly of a snakehead reference barcode library. We found that 16.3% of the channid coxI sequences deposited in GenBank are based on misidentifications. With the inclusion of our own data we were, however, able to solve these cases of perpetuated taxonomic confusion. Different species delimitation approaches we employed (BIN, GMYC, and PTP) were congruent in suggesting a potentially much higher species diversity within snakeheads than currently recognized. In total, 90 BINs were recovered and within a total of 15 currently recognized species multiple BINs were identified. This higher species diversity is mostly due to either the incorporation of undescribed, narrow range, endemics from the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot or the incorporation of several widespread species characterized by deep genetic splits between geographically well-defined lineages. In the latter case, over-lumping in the past has deflated the actual species numbers. Further integrative approaches are clearly needed for providing a better taxonomic understanding of snakehead diversity, new species descriptions and taxonomic revisions of the group