Programa de capacitación en servicios hoteleros para incrementar la rentabilidad del hotel El Edén EIRL. Bagua Grande – 2017

La presente investigación titulada: Programa de capacitación en servicios hoteleros para incrementar la Rentabilidad en el hotel El Edén EIRL. Bagua Grande – 2017” cuyo objetivo general es determinar el efecto del programa en servicios hoteleros para incrementar la rentabilidad del citado hotel, este programa está destinado a los trabajadores del hostal, a los cuáles se le aplicarán talleres de capacitación, y para obtener datos sobre la calidad de servicio e infraestructura, se aplicarán encuestas a clientes. Con la aplicación de este programa se espera optimizar la calidad del servicio y de acuerdo a los resultados se tomarán las acciones necesarias para mejorar lo antes expuesto. Los elementos que conforman la estructura del servicio hotelero son de suma importancia, puesto que proyectan su imagen comercial y proporcionan capacidad de respuesta al mercado, brindándole propia personalidad. Por citar algunos de los clásicos servicios podemos mencionar el servicio de alimentos, bebidas y banquetes; el servicio de habitación y hospedaje, que incluye por ejemplo el teléfono, servicio de internet, etc; también existe el servicio para convenciones o reuniones, que ofrece salones especialmente acondicionados para el efecto. La investigación de tipo experimental se hizo por medio de análisis documental y la aplicación de una encuesta, teniendo como resultados que existe un efecto significativo en la aplicación del programa de capacitación en servicios hoteleros en el incremento de la rentabilidad el cuál es de 22%

Amelioration of Ductular Reaction by Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles in MDR2 Knockout Mice via Lethal-7 microRNA

Cholangiopathies are diseases that affect cholangiocytes, the cells lining the biliary tract. Liver stem cells (LSCs) are able to differentiate into all cells of the liver and possibly influence the surrounding liver tissue by secretion of signaling molecules. One way in which cells can interact is through secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small membrane-bound vesicles that contain proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and cytokines. We evaluated the contents of liver stem cell–derived EVs (LSCEVs), compared their miRNA contents to those of EVs isolated from hepatocytes, and evaluated the downstream targets of these miRNAs. We finally evaluated the crosstalk among LSCs, cholangiocytes, and human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We showed that LSCEVs were able to reduce ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis in multidrug resistance protein 2 (MDR2)−/− mice. Additionally, we showed that cholangiocyte growth was reduced and HSCs were deactivated in LSCEV-treated mice. Evaluation of LSCEV contents compared with EVs derived from hepatocytes showed a large increase in the miRNA, lethal-7 (let-7). Further evaluation of let-7 in MDR2−/− mice and human primary sclerosing cholangitis samples showed reduced levels of let-7 compared with controls. In liver tissues and isolated cholangiocytes, downstream targets of let-7 (identified by ingenuity pathway analysis), Lin28a (Lin28 homolog A), Lin28b (Lin28 homolog B), IL-13 (interleukin 13), NR1H4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), are elevated in MDR2−/− mice, but treatment with LSCEVs reduced levels of these mediators of ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis through the inhibition of NF-κB and IL-13 signaling pathways. Evaluation of crosstalk using cholangiocyte supernatants from LSCEV-treated cells on cultured HSCs showed that HSCs had reduced levels of fibrosis and increased senescence. Conclusion: Our studies indicate that LSCEVs could be a possible treatment for cholangiopathies or could be used for target validation for future therapies

Production of commercial and Amazonian strains of Pleurotus ostreatus in plant waste / Produção de linhagens comerciais e amazônicas de Pleurotus ostreatus em resíduos de plantas

Pleurotus spp. have the ability to grow on a wide variety of lignocellulosic materials, which opens up a range of options to be explored. The use of locally available residues and native strains can reduce production costs, thus making fungiculture a potential economic activity in developing regions, such as northern Brazil. The aim of this research was to compare the production and nutritional characteristics of different strains of P. ostreatus, cultivated on lignocellulosic residues available in Amazonas state, Brazil. The native (474 and 1467) and commercial (542 and 885) strains were cultivated in marupá (Simarouba amara) and pine (Pinus sp.) sawdust, açaí (Euterpe oleracea) seeds and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) straw. Productivity was evaluated according to biological efficiency, yield and loss of organic matter. Some physicochemical and nutritional parameters were also evaluated. In general, among the residues evaluated for mushroom cultivation, the elephant grass substrates (EG) showed better physicochemical properties in terms of moisture, ash content (minerals), hemicellulose and lignin. Additionally, the EG-based substrate resulted in the best productive parameters (yield and EB) for all strains studied, with emphasis on strain 1467, which is native to the Amazon. The basidiocarps of the native strains (474 and 1467) presented a nutritional composition that is similar to the commercial strains (885 and 542), and the mushrooms grown in EG-based residue, in general, presented the best nutritional compositions. Thus, strain 1467 of Pleurotus ostreatus, native to the Amazon, shows promise for commercial purposes, when cultivated in elephant grass residue.Pleurotus spp. have the ability to grow on a wide variety of lignocellulosic materials, which opens up a range of options to be explored. The use of locally available residues and native strains can reduce production costs, thus making fungiculture a potential economic activity in developing regions, such as northern Brazil. The aim of this research was to compare the production and nutritional characteristics of different strains of P. ostreatus, cultivated on lignocellulosic residues available in Amazonas state, Brazil. The native (474 and 1467) and commercial (542 and 885) strains were cultivated in marupá (Simarouba amara) and pine (Pinus sp.) sawdust, açaí (Euterpe oleracea) seeds and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) straw. Productivity was evaluated according to biological efficiency, yield and loss of organic matter. Some physicochemical and nutritional parameters were also evaluated. In general, among the residues evaluated for mushroom cultivation, the elephant grass substrates (EG) showed better physicochemical properties in terms of moisture, ash content (minerals), hemicellulose and lignin. Additionally, the EG-based substrate resulted in the best productive parameters (yield and EB) for all strains studied, with emphasis on strain 1467, which is native to the Amazon. The basidiocarps of the native strains (474 and 1467) presented a nutritional composition that is similar to the commercial strains (885 and 542), and the mushrooms grown in EG-based residue, in general, presented the best nutritional compositions. Thus, strain 1467 of Pleurotus ostreatus, native to the Amazon, shows promise for commercial purposes, when cultivated in elephant grass residue

INTERNAÇÃO POR ORDEM JUDICIAL: DILEMAS ÉTICOS VIVENCIADOS POR ENFERMEIROS

Pesquisa qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi descrever as situações vivenciadas e os dilemas éticos dos enfermeiros no percurso de encaminhamento e recebimento, por ordem judicial, de pacientes com indicação de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Foi efetivada entrevista parcialmente estruturada com 10 enfermeiros, que atuam em UTI e 10 que atuam em emergência de hospitais públicos e privados da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Os resultados indicam que os enfermeiros vivenciam dilemas éticos consequentes aos problemas de superlotação das UTI e das emergências, da precária tecnologia especializada, da orientação quanto ao benefício concedido pela lei. Concluiu-se que é fundamental a participação dos enfermeiros em debates que possibilitem mapear as diferentes instâncias que têm promovido esta situação, muitas vezes caótica

Use of fruit epicarps to formulate pectin-based bioactive films / Utilização de epicarpos de frutos para formulação de filmes bioativos à base de pectinas

The functional properties of biofilms can vary according to the biopolymer used as the raw material; thus, in the search for alternative sources for preparation of biodegradable films, fruits and vegetables have been used to extract compounds of interest with applications in the food industry. The objective of this work was to obtain and characterize bioactive films based on pectin extracted from the epicarps (skin) of the fruit. The genipap (Genipa americana), red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) were collected, washed, pulped and dried at 50 °C for 24 h, and their epicarps were ground and subjected to pectin extraction using the casting method. The films were characterized as to their visual appearance, moisture, pH, water solubility and antioxidant activity. The pectin-based films of G. americana and H. polyrhizus showed a yellowish color, while A. carambola was dark brown. The highest pectin yield (29%) and moisture content (13.9%) were obtained from the H. polyrhizus film, while A. carambola showed the highest solubility in water (98.6%) and had the highest pH (3.9). Additionally, the film based on A. carambola showed greater antioxidant potential against ABTS (30.5%) and DPPH (34%), as well as greater reducing power (0.262 absorbance at 750 nm) and content of total phenolic compounds (553 mg GAE/100 g), whereas H. polyrhizus had a higher percentage of chelating ability (27%). The physicochemical characteristics and bioactive properties exhibited make the film formulation a viable alternative for the food industry

Endoglucanase production by trichoderma reesei cultivated in solid state fermentation using lignocellulosic waste / Utilização de resíduos lignocelulósicos para a produção de endoglucanases por trichoderma reesei cultivado sob fermentação em estado sólido

Trichoderma reesei is a fungus that has been widely explored for its potential as cellulolytic enzyme producer and has diverse industrial applications. However, obtaining the enzymes is still considered a costly and, sometimes, inefficient process. This study aimed to produce endoglucanases by cultivating T. reesei (CCT-2768) in solid state fermentation, using cashew apple bagasse (CAB), sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and green coconut fiber (GCF) residues as substrates. The influence of moisture and pH on enzyme production was evaluated using a factorial design. T. reesei showed viability for producing endoglucanases in all of the three lignocellulosic residues tested, with maximum activity (2.29 ± 0.01 U/g) observed when cultivated in the SCB substrate and using moisture of 60% and pH 5.5. Thus, use of lignocellulosic residues proves to be a viable alternative for producing endoglucanases by cultivation of Trichoderma reesei, which contributes to the recycling of waste and the reduction of environmental impacts.

Bioactive properties and evaluation of the prebiotic potential of cashew apple fiber using Bifidobacterium Lactis / Propriedades bioativas e avaliação do potencial prebiótico da fibra do pedúnculo de caju utilizando Bifidobacterium Lactis

Agro-industrial byproducts possess biotechnological potential due to the presence of bioactive compounds. These have positive metabolic effects, such as the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases, inflammation, among others. The cashew apple is one of these byproducts and stands out for its levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and ascorbic acid, which provide high antioxidant capacity, in addition to being an excellent source of pectin, a dietary fiber that stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive characteristics and the in vitro prebiotic effect of processed cashew apple when subjected to Bifidobacterium lactis. Anaerobic fermentation was carried out in a shaker at 100 rpm, 37 °C for 24 hours, using processed cashew apple as the substrate, which was enriched with a nutrient solution containing mineral salts. The growth was estimated in colony-forming units (CFU/mL), during strategic intervals of fermentation times on selective bifidobacteria agar medium, and the medium’s pH was monitored. The prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) was used as a control. The cashew apple showed bioactive properties, with ascorbic acid values of 4.58 ± 0.00 mg/100 g, total phenolic compounds of 366.85 ± 3.43 mg GAE/100 g, flavonoids of 85.03 ± 4.15 mg CE/100 g and antioxidant capacity of 17.78 ± 0.20 µM TEAC/g. Plate counts showed small white colonies and complete regular edges. The growth of bifidobacteria in FOS was 10 Log CFU/mL-1 after 24 hours of fermentation, while in the cashew apple the growth was 8.8 Log CFU mL-1 after 12 hours of fermentation, with a reduction in pH medium (pH 5.08) that left it slightly more acidic than the standard (pH 5.98). Thus, it can be inferred that the cashew apple presents important functional properties, with possible benefits to human health