Thinning of Organic Apple Production with Potassic Soap and Calcium Polysulfide at the North of Spain.

Asturias, in the North West coast of Spain, is a region with old tradition at cultivation of apple and its transformation to cider. The production of apple is mainly done under traditional uses and semi-extensive or semi-intensive system and with local cultivars. Thinning strategy is little practiced and the biennial bearing cycle is one of the main problems for the farmers. The production of apple under organic techniques in Asturias is still limited but increasing. Since 2005, experiments have been conducted on several cultivars (‘Raxao’, ‘Xuanina’ and ‘Gold-Rush’) to evaluate the effects of Potassic Soap (with or without olive oil) and Calcium Polysulfide as thinning products. We present here the first promising results of these experiments. With different concentrations of both products we have increased the apple production of two cultivars for the period 2006- 2007. There were positive effects on the vegetative growth of the trees and on the quality of apples. In the spring 2007 we initiated new experiments with other cultivars (‘Durona de Tresali’, ‘Solarina’, ‘Raxao’, ‘Regona’) in order to confirm our results. The new experiments also include the comparison of their effects with those of commonly used chemical products and with those of manual thinning techniques

Isolated cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease: a case report

Background:Rosai-Dorfman also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a benign, idiopathic lymphoproliferative disorder that usually affects the lymph nodes. Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare extranodal variant that occurs as histiocyte-rich inflammatory infiltrates, manifesting with a variable clinical morphology. Usually it appears as erythematous to brown papules, plaques, or nodules, with no predilection for site. The histological picture shows abnormal lymph node architecture, reactive germinal centers, fibrosis and emperipolesis in the dermis. On immunophenotypic analysis, S100 protein and CD68 are usually present on dendritic cells. Case Report: We report a case of purely cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease. A 55-year-old male presented to our clinic for an indurated nodule on the left malar region. He reported a slow and progressive growth of 2-year history without systemic symptoms. A cutaneous biopsy showed a nodular inflammatory infiltrate within the dermis consisting of histiocytes, local aggregates of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Histiocytes were enlarged with vesicular nuclei, and emperipolesis was observed. Furthermore, histiocytes stained positively for S-100 and CD68. Owing to local involvement, the patient received a surgery to exsect the lesion completely. Conclusions: Sinus histiocytosis is a rare inflammatory disease mainly affecting the cervical lymph nodes, presenting with skin lesions in 10% of cases. The diagnosis of cutaneous RDD is differentiated from other histiocytic conditions by the combination of clinical findings accompanied by histopathologic and immunohistochemical confirmationUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Insecticide treated curtains and residual insecticide treatment to control Aedes aegypti : an acceptability study in Santiago de Cuba

Background : Within the context of a field trial conducted by the Cuban vector control program (AaCP), we assessed acceptability of insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs) and residual insecticide treatment (RIT) with deltamethrin by the community. We also assessed the potential influence of interviewees' risk perceptions for getting dengue and disease severity. Methodology/principal findings : We embedded a qualitative study using in-depth interviews in a cluster randomized trial (CRT) testing the effectiveness of ITCs and RIT in Santiago de Cuba. In-depth interviews (N = 38) were conducted four and twelve months after deployment of the tools with people who accepted the tools, who stopped using them and who did not accept the tools. Data analysis was deductive. Main reasons for accepting ITCs at the start of the trial were perceived efficacy and not being harmful to health. Constraints linked to manufacturer instructions were the main reason for not using ITCs. People stopped using the ITCs due to perceived allergy, toxicity and low efficacy. Few heads of households refused RIT despite the noting reasons for rejection, such as allergy, health hazard and toxicity. Positive opinions of the vector control program influenced acceptability of both tools. However, frequent insecticide fogging as part of routine AaCP vector control actions diminished perceived efficacy of both tools and, therefore, acceptability. Fifty percent of interviewees did feel at risk for getting dengue and considered dengue a severe disease. However, this did not appear to influence acceptability of ITCs or RIT. Conclusion/significance : Acceptability of ITCs and RIT was linked to acceptability of AaCP routine vector control activities. However, uptake and use were not always an indication of acceptability. Factors leading to acceptability may be best identified using qualitative methods, but more research is needed on the concept of acceptability and its measurement

Sobre De los Reyes, Aurelio y David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina, 1895-1910

Review of Aurelio De los Reyes and David M.J. Wood’s book, Las rutas del cine en América Latina, 1895-1910. Ciudad de México: UNAM/Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 2021, 328 pp., ISBN 978-607-30-4754-8Key words: review, Aurelio De los Reyes, David M.J. Wood, Mexican silent cinema, transnationality, cinematographic routes.___________ Sobre De los Reyes, Aurelio y David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina, 1895-1910Resumen: Reseña del libro de Aurelio De los Reyes y David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina, 1895-1910. Ciudad de México: UNAM/Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 2021, 328 pp., ISBN 978-607-30-4754-8Palabras clave: reseña, Aurelio De los Reyes, David M.J. Wood, cine silente mexicano, transnacionalidad, rutas cinematográficas.___________ Sobre De los Reyes, Aurelio y David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina 1895-1910.Resumo: Resehna do livro de Aurelio De los Reyes e David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina, 1895-1910 Ciudad de México: UNAM/Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 2021, 328 pp., ISBN 978-607-30-4754-8Palavras chave: resehna, Aurelio De los Reyes, David M.J. Wood,  Cinema mudo mexicano, transnacionalidade, rotas cinematográficas_____________ Date of reception: 22nd August 2022Date of acceptance: 1st November 2022 _____________ ARK CAICYT: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s24690767/i575jafd1Reseña del libro de Aurelio De los Reyes y David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina, 1895-1910. Ciudad de México: UNAM/Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 2021, 328 pp., ISBN 978-607-30-4754-8Palabras clave: reseña, Aurelio De los Reyes, David M.J. Wood, cine silente mexicano, transnacionalidad, rutas cinematográficas.___________  About De los Reyes, Aurelio y David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina 1895-1910.Abstract: Review of Aurelio De los Reyes and David M.J. Wood’s book, Las rutas del cine en América Latina, 1895-1910. Ciudad de México: UNAM/Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 2021, 328 pp., ISBN 978-607-30-4754-8Key words: review, Aurelio De los Reyes, David M.J. Wood, Mexican silent cinema, transnationality, cinematographic routes.___________  Sobre De los Reyes, Aurelio y David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina 1895-1910.Resumo: Resehna do livro de Aurelio De los Reyes e David M.J. Wood (comps.). Las rutas del cine en América Latina, 1895-1910 Ciudad de México: UNAM/Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 2021, 328 pp., ISBN 978-607-30-4754-8Palavras chave: resehna, Aurelio De los Reyes, David M.J. Wood,  Cinema mudo mexicano, transnacionalidade, rotas cinematográficas _____________  Fecha de recepción: 22 de agosto de 2022Fecha de aceptación: 1 de noviembre de 2022 _____________ ARK CAICYT: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s24690767/i575jafd

Sentido y alcance del artículo IV del Acuerdo sobre Enseñanza y Asuntos culturales de 1979.

RESUMEN. Trataremos de abordar un tema casi inédito en la doctrina como es la formación religiosa en los estudios del Magisterio a tenor del Acuerdo sobre Enseñanza y Asuntos Culturales. Parece que la letra del artículo IV del Acuerdo sobre Enseñanza y Asuntos Culturales es clara y los tribunales de justicia han avalado una interpretación literalista del mismo. Sin embargo existen criterios y recursos interpretativos que oscurecen esta claridad como son la interpretación auténtica que ha realizado la Administración Pública, el peso de la historia de la asignatura de religión en el Magisterio y la praxis académica de las Universidades públicas españolas. Aunando los criterios y conjugándolos con determinados preceptos del Acuerdo sobre Enseñanza se llega a la conclusión de que la solución adoptada en la práctica lleva a un cumplimiento torticero, relegando la presencia de la Religión a la mayor o menor sensibilidad religiosa de las Universidades.ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper is to address an issue that has not yet been the subject of significant study: religious education in teacher training, in light of the 1979 Agreement on Education and Cultural Affairs. The wording of Article IV of the Agreement on Education and Cultural Affairs seems clear and the courts have endorsed a literal interpretation of the text. However, there are also interpretive criteria and resources that render this view less apparent: the authoritative interpretation made by government bodies; the relative weight of the subject in teacher training programs; and the academic practice of public universities in Spain. An overall assessment of the criteria discloses that implantation in practice may be poor because it fails to respect the object and ends of the Agreement as such

Aproximación a la enseñanza de la religión en el sistema jurídico costarricense.

RESUMEN. La realidad jurídica costarricense constituye una isla en el mar laico latinoamericano al ser el único país confesionalmente católico. Aun así y, más allá de mero positivismo jurídico, la jurisprudencia constitucional ha superado la idea de Estado confesional en favor del amplio reconocimiento del derecho de libertad religiosa. La coexistencia de estos principios trasciende el modelo de Estado y se proyecta en otros ámbitos como el educativo en el que el derecho a la libertad educativa ligado a la libertad religiosa, configuran un sistema peculiar que trataremos de exponer a continuación.ABSTRACT. Nowadays, all Latin American countries are secular States. However, there is an exception: Costa Rica. It is the only Catholic confessional State from its beginning until today. However, although the Constitution proclaims the principle of denominational State, this idea was overcome by the consti-tutional jurisprudence in order to protect the right of religious freedom recognized in a few inter-national agreements signed by the State as for example the American Convention of Human Rights. With this idea, the denominational State and the right of religious freedom must coexist and its consequences are transferred to all areas of law, as for example education. This is the area of our study and we will try to explain its legal system and the articulation between those two principles that seem contradictory

Sentido y alcance del artículo IV del Acuerdo sobre Enseñanza y Asuntos culturales de 1979

Trataremos de abordar un tema casi inédito en la doctrina como es la formación religiosa en los estudios del Magisterio a tenor del Acuerdo sobre Enseñanza y Asuntos Culturales. Parece que la letra del artículo IV del Acuerdo sobre Enseñanza y Asuntos Culturales es clara y los tribunales de justicia han avalado una interpretación literalista del mismo. Sin embargo existen criterios y recursos interpretativos que oscurecen esta claridad como son la interpretación auténtica que ha realizado la Administración Pública, el peso de la historia de la asignatura de religión en el Magisterio y la praxis académica de las Universidades públicas españolas. Aunando los criterios y conjugándolos con determinados preceptos del Acuerdo sobre Enseñanza se llega a la conclusión de que la solución adoptada en la práctica lleva a un cumplimiento torticero, relegando la presencia de la Religión a la mayor o menor sensibilidad religiosa de las Universidades.The purpose of this paper is to address an issue that has not yet been the subject of significant study: religious education in teacher training, in light of the 1979 Agreement on Education and Cultural Affairs. The wording of Article IV of the Agreement on Education and Cultural Affairs seems clear and the courts have endorsed a literal interpretation of the text. However, there are also interpretive criteria and resources that render this view less apparent: the authoritative interpretation made by government bodies; the relative weight of the subject in teacher training programs; and the academic practice of public universities in Spain. An overall assessment of the criteria discloses that implantation in practice may be poor because it fails to respect the object and ends of the Agreement as such

Identificación y reconocimiento de matrículas de automóviles con MATLAB

Este Proyecto Fin de Carrera trata sobre el reconocimiento e identificación de caracteres de matrículas de automóviles. Este tipo de sistemas de reconocimiento también se los conoce mundialmente como sistemas ANPR ("Automatic Number Plate Recognition") o LPR ("License Plate Recognition"). La gran cantidad de vehículos y logística que se mueve cada segundo por todo el planeta, hace necesaria su registro para su tratamiento y control. Por ello, es necesario implementar un sistema que pueda identificar correctamente estos recursos, para su posterior procesado, construyendo así una herramienta útil, ágil y dinámica. El presente trabajo ha sido estructurado en varias partes. La primera de ellas nos muestra los objetivos y las motivaciones que se persiguen con la realización de este proyecto. En la segunda, se abordan y desarrollan todos los diferentes procesos teóricos y técnicos, así como matemáticos, que forman un sistema ANPR común, con el fin de implementar una aplicación práctica que pueda demostrar la utilidad de estos en cualquier situación. En la tercera, se desarrolla esa parte práctica en la que se apoya la base teórica del trabajo. En ésta se describen y desarrollan los diversos algoritmos, creados con el fin de estudiar y comprobar todo lo planteado hasta ahora, así como observar su comportamiento. Se implementan varios procesos característicos del reconocimiento de caracteres y patrones, como la detección de áreas o patrones, rotado y transformación de imágenes, procesos de detección de bordes, segmentación de caracteres y patrones, umbralización y normalización, extracción de características y patrones, redes neuronales, y finalmente el reconocimiento óptico de caracteres o comúnmente conocido como OCR. La última parte refleja los resultados obtenidos a partir del sistema de reconocimiento de caracteres implementado para el trabajo y se exponen las conclusiones extraídas a partir de éste. Finalmente se plantean las líneas futuras de mejora, desarrollo e investigación, para poder realizar un sistema más eficiente y global. This Thesis deals about license plate characters recognition and identification. These kinds of systems are also known worldwide as ANPR systems ("Automatic Number Plate Recognition") or LPR ("License Plate Recognition"). The great number of vehicles and logistics moving every second all over the world, requires a registration for treatment and control. Thereby, it’s therefore necessary to implement a system that can identify correctly these resources, for further processing, thus building a useful, flexible and dynamic tool. This work has been structured into several parts. The first one shows the objectives and motivations attained by the completion of this project. In the second part, it’s developed all the different theoretical and technical processes, forming a common ANPR system in order to implement a practical application that can demonstrate the usefulness of these ones on any situation. In the third, the practical part is developed, which is based on the theoretical work. In this one are described and developed various algorithms, created to study and verify all the questions until now suggested, and complain the behavior of these systems. Several recognition of characters and patterns characteristic processes are implemented, such as areas or patterns detection, image rotation and transformation, edge detection processes, patterns and character segmentation, thresholding and normalization, features and patterns extraction, neural networks, and finally the optical character recognition or commonly known like OCR. The last part shows the results obtained from the character recognition system implemented for this thesis and the outlines conclusions drawn from it. Finally, future lines of improvement, research and development are proposed, in order to make a more efficient and comprehensive system