Hemotórax masivo: una rarísima complicación de la trombólisis de la embolia pulmonar

Massive haemothorax secondary to thrombolysis during the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) is an exceptional and poorly documented in the literature event. We talk about massive haemothorax when the amount of extravasated fluid in pleura exceeds 1,500 mL, which is a serious haemodynamic compromise. Spontaneous haemothorax is a rare entity whose most common causes are ruptured arteriovenous malformations, tumors, coagulation disorders or secondary to anticoagulant therapy. We present a case of massive spontaneous haemothorax secondary to systemic thrombolytic treatment in a patient with pulmonary embolism.El hemotórax masivo (HM) secundario a trombólisis durante el tratamiento de la embolia pulmonar (EP) es un evento excepcional y escasamente documentado en la literatura. Se habla de HM cuando la cantidad de líquido extravasado en pleura supera los 1.500 mL, lo que supone un grave compromiso hemodinámico. El hemotórax espontáneo es una entidad poco frecuente cuyas causas más comunes son la rotura de malformaciones arteriovenosas, neoplasias, desórdenes de la coagulación o secundario a tratamiento anticoagulante. Se presenta un caso de hemotórax espontáneo masivo secundario al tratamiento trombolítico sistémico en una paciente con embolia pulmonar

Toward integrated analysis of human impacts on forest biodiversity: lessons from Latin America.

Although sustainable forest management (SFM) has been widely adopted as a policy and management goal, high rates of forest loss and degradation are still occurring in many areas. Human activities such as logging, livestock husbandry, crop cultivation, infrastructural development, and use of fire are causing widespread loss of biodiversity, restricting progress toward SFM. In such situations, there is an urgent need for tools that can provide an integrated assessment of human impacts on forest biodiversity and that can support decision making related to forest use. This paper summarizes the experience gained by an international collaborative research effort spanning more than a decade, focusing on the tropical montane forests of Mexico and the temperate rain forests of southern South America, both of which are global conservation priorities. The lessons learned from this research are identified, specifically in relation to developing an integrated modeling framework for achieving SFM. Experience has highlighted a number of challenges that need to be overcome in such areas, including the lack of information regarding ecological processes and species characteristics and a lack of forest inventory data, which hinders model parameterization. Quantitative models are poorly developed for some ecological phenomena, such as edge effects and genetic diversity, limiting model integration. Establishment of participatory approaches to forest management is difficult, as a supportive institutional and policy environment is often lacking. However, experience to date suggests that the modeling toolkit approach suggested by Sturvetant et al. (2008) could be of value in such areas. Suggestions are made regarding desirable elements of such a toolkit to support participatory-research approaches in domains characterized by high uncertainty, including Bayesian Belief Networks, spatial multi-criteria analysis, and scenario planning.Most of the research described here was undertaken in three projects supported by the European Commission (INCO programme), namely SUCRE (ERBIC18CT970146), BIOCORES (ICA4- CT-2001-10095), and ReForLan (INCO-DEV-3 N° 032132), and three Darwin Initiative (DEFRA, UK Government) grants to the senior author. Additional funding was provided by a variety of sources within the partner countries. All sources of financial support are gratefully acknowledged

Toward integrated analysis of human impacts on forest biodiversity: lessons from Latin America.

Although sustainable forest management (SFM) has been widely adopted as a policy and management goal, high rates of forest loss and degradation are still occurring in many areas. Human activities such as logging, livestock husbandry, crop cultivation, infrastructural development, and use of fire are causing widespread loss of biodiversity, restricting progress toward SFM. In such situations, there is an urgent need for tools that can provide an integrated assessment of human impacts on forest biodiversity and that can support decision making related to forest use. This paper summarizes the experience gained by an international collaborative research effort spanning more than a decade, focusing on the tropical montane forests of Mexico and the temperate rain forests of southern South America, both of which are global conservation priorities. The lessons learned from this research are identified, specifically in relation to developing an integrated modeling framework for achieving SFM. Experience has highlighted a number of challenges that need to be overcome in such areas, including the lack of information regarding ecological processes and species characteristics and a lack of forest inventory data, which hinders model parameterization. Quantitative models are poorly developed for some ecological phenomena, such as edge effects and genetic diversity, limiting model integration. Establishment of participatory approaches to forest management is difficult, as a supportive institutional and policy environment is often lacking. However, experience to date suggests that the modeling toolkit approach suggested by Sturvetant et al. (2008) could be of value in such areas. Suggestions are made regarding desirable elements of such a toolkit to support participatory-research approaches in domains characterized by high uncertainty, including Bayesian Belief Networks, spatial multi-criteria analysis, and scenario planning.Most of the research described here was undertaken in three projects supported by the European Commission (INCO programme), namely SUCRE (ERBIC18CT970146), BIOCORES (ICA4- CT-2001-10095), and ReForLan (INCO-DEV-3 N° 032132), and three Darwin Initiative (DEFRA, UK Government) grants to the senior author. Additional funding was provided by a variety of sources within the partner countries. All sources of financial support are gratefully acknowledged

Impact of high hydrostatic pressure and thermal treatment on the stability and bioaccessibility of carotenoid and carotenoid esters in astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb, var. Rojo Brillante)

The carotenoid and carotenoid ester profile in astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb., var. Rojo Brillante) was composed by 13 free xanthophylls, 8 hydrocarbon carotenes and 17 carotenoid esters. The stability and biaoccessibility of these carotenoids was determined by an adaptation of the INFOGEST protocol. Results showed that the stability of persimmon carotenoids ranged from 61 to 74%, depending on the digestion phase, being (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin and (all-E)-antheraxanthin 3-O-palmitate the most stable carotenoids. At the final step of the digestion (oral + gastric + duodenal phase), only traces of (all-E)-antheraxanthin, (all-E)-lutein and (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin were found in control samples due to the low efficiency of carotenoid micellization, which was affected by the high pectin content naturally present in persimmon tissues. Processing increased the overall carotenoid bioaccessibility to 54% in pressurized samples and to 25% in thermal treated ones. This effect depended on the processing technology as well as on the chemical structure of the carotenoid, being (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin and (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin laurate the most bioaccessible carotenoids in pressurized samples and (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin laurate and (all-E)-antheraxanthin the most bioaccessible ones in pasteurized ones.The authors would like to express gratitude for the funding received from Spanish MINECO (project INIA RTA2015-00044-C02-02) of Spanish Government and by the international project FUNFOODEMERTEC funded by Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM, Mexico). Author Andrea Gómez-Maqueo thanks CONACyT, Mexico, for her doctoral scholarship, no. 692751.Peer reviewe

Inhibitory potential of prickly pears and their isolated bioactives against digestive enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and inflammatory response

[Background]: Prickly pears are potential candidates for the development of low‐cost functional foods because they grow with low water requirements in arid regions of the world. They are sources of betalains and phenolic compounds, which have been reported to contribute to human health. The study of the biological activity of different varieties and of their isolated bioactive constitutes is fundamental in the design of functional foods. In this context, our objective is the assessment of the ability of Spanish and Mexican prickly‐pear cultivars to inhibit enzymes related to type 2 diabetes and the inflammatory response, and the contribution of their bioactive compounds to their nutra‐pharmaceutical potential.[Results]: Prickly pear peels presented the highest antioxidant activity due to their high isorhamnetin glycoside content. Isorhamnetin glycosides showed significantly higher antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity than aglycone, particularly isorhamnetin glucosyl‐rhamnosyl‐pentoside (IG2), which also reported antihyperglycemic activity. Morada, Vigor, and Sanguinos whole fruits exhibited moderate α‐amylase inhibition and higher α‐glucosidase inhibition, which is ideal for lowering glucose absorption in hyperglycemia management. Sanguinos peels presented the highest anti‐inflammatory activity because of their high indicaxanthin content and isorhamnetin glycoside profile.[Conclusions]: In the design of prickly pear functional foods, technological processing should prioritize the retention or concentration of these bioactive compounds to preserve (or increase) their natural antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti‐inflammatory activity. Peels of red and orange varieties should be further evaluated for antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory purposes while whole fruits of red and purple varieties could be considered possible candidates for hyperglycemia management.This work was supported by Projects RTA2015‐00044‐C02‐02 (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), P2013/ABI‐2728 (Regional Government of Madrid, Spain) and FunFoodEmertec (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico). We thank Dr Serna‐Saldivar from Tecnologico de Monterrey (Mexico) for the provision of flavonoid standards. Author Andrea Gómez‐Maqueo also thanks CONACyT (Mexico) for her doctoral scholarship.Peer reviewe

Enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of prickly pear fruits by high hydrostatic pressure: A chemical and microstructural approach

Prickly pears were submitted to high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (pressure: 100, 350 and 600 MPa; temperature: 17–34 °C; time: come-up time (CUT) and 5 min) to enhance their health potential by increasing the extractability of bioactive compounds. Phenolics, betalains and ascorbic acid were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry in peels and in pulps to determine their contribution to in-vitro bowel-related antioxidant (oxygen radical absorbance capacity; ORAC) and anti-inflammatory activities (hyaluronidase inhibition and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity). Antioxidant activity in Pelota and Sanguinos pulps increased 81.1 and 68.2% at 350 MPa/5 min, respectively, and correlated with the increase of phenolic acids, isorhamnetin glucosyl-rhamnosyl-rhamnoside (IG1) and isorhamnetin glucosyl-rhamnoside (IG5). Anti-inflammatory activity increased 85.7 and 117.5% in Pelota and Sanguinos pulps, respectively, at 600 MPa/CUT and correlated with the increase of isorhamnetin glucosyl-rhamnosyl-pentoside (IG2), isorhamnetin glucosyl-pentoside (IG4) and IG5.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTA2015-00044-C02-02), the Regional Government of Madrid, Spain (P2013/ABI-2728) and by Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico (FunFoodEmertec). Author Andrea Gómez-Maqueo thanks CONACyT, Mexico, for her doctoral scholarship (692751)Peer reviewe