Detecting regularities in soccer dynamics : a T-pattern approach

The dynamics of play during professional soccer matches are complex phenomena that traditional approaches to the quantification of team sports are not fully able to identify. The aim of this study was to detect such dynamics through an analysis of temporal patterns. In particular, the objective was to reveal the hidden yet stable structures which underlie the interactive situations that determine the attack actions of play in soccer. The methodological approach is based on observational design, supported by digital recordings and computer analysis. Data were analyzed with Theme 6 beta software, which detects the temporal and sequential structure of data sets, revealing repeated patterns that may regularly or irregularly occur within a period of observation. Theme detected many temporal patterns (T-patterns) in the soccer matches analyzed. Striking differences were found when won and lost matches were compared. The number of pattern occurrences and the number of different T-patterns detected was greater for lost matches and lower for the won matches, whereas the number of events coded was similar. Theme software and T-pattern enhance research opportunities by moving further than frequency-based analysis of performance, making this method an effective research and support tool for sports analysis. Our results indicate a need for further investigation upon the possible links between temporal structure detection and human observations in soccer performance. This approach could assist both soccer teams' staff and coaches in obtaining a greater understanding of game dynamics, providing information that current methods may overlook or not detect at all.La dinámica del juego en partidos de fútbol profesional es un fenómeno complejo que no ha estado resuelto de forma óptima a través de las vías tradicionales que han pretendido la cuantificación en deportes de equipo. El objetivo de este estudio es el de detectar la dinámica existente mediante un análisis de patrones temporales. Específicamente, se pretenden revelar las estructuras ocultas pero estables que subyacen a las situaciones interactivas que determinan las acciones de ataque en el fútbol. El planteamiento metodológico se basa en un diseño observacional, y con apoyo de registros digitales y análisis informatizados. Los datos se analizaron mediante el programa Theme 6 beta, el cual permite detectar la estructura temporal y secuencial de las series de datos, poniendo de manifiesto patrones que regular o irregularmente ocurren repetidamente en un período de observación. El Theme ha detectado muchos patrones temporales (T-patterns) en los partidos de fútbol analizados. Se hallaron notables diferencias entre los partidos ganados y perdidos. El número de distintos T-patterns detectados fue mayor para los partidos perdidos, y menor para los ganados, mientras que el número de eventos codificados fue similar. El programa Theme y los T-patterns mejoran las posibilidades investigadoras respecto a un análisis de rendimiento basado en la frecuencia, y hacen que esta metodología sea eficaz para la investigación y constituya un apoyo procedimental en el análisis del deporte.Nuestros resultados indican que se requieren posteriores investigaciones relativas a posibles conexiones entre la detección de estas estructuras temporales y las observaciones humanas respecto al rendimiento en el fútbol. Este planteamiento sería un apoyo tanto para los miembros de los equipos como para los entrenadores, permitiendo alcanzar una mejor comprensión de la dinámica del juego y aportando una información que no ofrecen los métodos tradicionales. A dinâmica do jogo em competições de futebol de competição é um fenómeno complexo que não é abordado de forma suficiente através das vias tradicionais que se pretendem na qualificação em desportos de equipa. O objectivo deste estudo é detectar a dinâmica existente mediante uma análise de padrões temporais. Especificamente, pretende-se revelar as estructuras ocultas mas estáveis subjacentes às situações interactivas que determinam as acções de ataque no futebol. O planeamento metodológico baseia-se no delineamento observacional, a registos digitais e a análises informatizadas. Os dados foram analisados mediante o programa Theme 6 beta, o qual permite detectar a estrutura temporal e sequencial das séries de dados, pondo em relevo padrões que regular ou irregularmente ocorrem repetidamente num período de observação. O Theme detectou vários padrões temporais (padrões-T) nos jogos de futebol analisados. Verificaram-se notáveis diferenças entre os jogos ganhos e perdidos. O número de distintos padrões-T detectados foi maior para os jogos perdidos, e menor para os ganhos, enquanto que o número de eventos codificados foi semelhante. O programa Theme e os padrões-T melhoram as possibilidades de investigação a respeito da análise de rendimento baseada na frequência, fazendo com que esta metodologia seja eficaz para a investigação e se constitua como um suporte procedimental na análise desportiva. Os resultados obtidos requerem posteriores investigações relativas às possíveis conexões entre a detecção destas estruturas temporais e as observações humanas relativas ao rendimento no futebol. Este planeamento seria um suporte tanto para os membros das equipas como para os treinadores, permitindo alcançar uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica de jogo e fornecendo informação que não se obtém através dos métodos tradicionais

T-patterns analysis in soccer games: Relationship between time and attack actions

Sports performance consists of a multiple series of strategies that tend to follow one another. Performance analysis in team sports is usually focused on primary (fundamental skill execution), secondary (scoring) and tertiary (match result) outcomes. While there is general agreement over measuring secondary and tertiary outcomes, literature does not show a unanimous agreement over a unique measure of the primary level of performance. 'e aim of this study was to investigate primary performance outcomes through an analysis of temporal patterns. In particular, we were interested in verifying if changes in tertiary performance outcomes may be related to changes in primary ones. We selected three soccer matches played by a top club during the Serie A league over the 2012-2013 season in which there was a change in match result between *rst and second half (tertiary level of performance). 'e methodological approach was based on observational design, supported by digital recordings and computer analysis. Data were analyzed with 'eme 6 beta software, which detects the temporal and sequential structure of datasets, revealing repeated patterns that may regularly or irregularly occur within a period of observation (Tpatterns). Striking di+erences were found comparing *rst and second half temporal patterns, especially when the *nal match outcome showed an improvement of the *rst half 's one. Our results suggest that 'eme software and T-pattern enhance research opportunities by identifying a useful tool to study the link between primary and tertiary level of performance, making this an e+ective research and support instrument for sports analysis

Increased tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme activity induces insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis in mice

Tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE, also known as ADAM17) was recently involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. We observed that TACE activity was significantly higher in livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 1 month, and this activity was increased in liver > white adipose tissue > muscle after 5 months compared with chow control. In mouse hepatocytes, C(2)C(12) myocytes, and 3T3F442A adipocytes, TACE activity was triggered by palmitic acid, lipolysaccharide, high glucose, and high insulin. TACE overexpression significantly impaired insulin-dependent phosphorylation of AKT, GSK3, and FoxO1 in mouse hepatocytes. To test the role of TACE activation in vivo, we used tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (Timp3) null mice, because Timp3 is the specific inhibitor of TACE and Timp3(-/-) mice have higher TACE activity compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Timp3(-/-) mice fed a HFD for 5 months are glucose-intolerant and insulin-resistant; they showed macrovesicular steatosis and ballooning degeneration compared with WT mice, which presented only microvesicular steatosis. Shotgun proteomics analysis revealed that Timp3(-/-) liver showed a significant differential expression of 38 proteins, including lower levels of adenosine kinase, methionine adenosysltransferase I/III, and glycine N-methyltransferase and higher levels of liver fatty acid-binding protein 1. These changes in protein levels were also observed in hepatocytes infected with adenovirus encoding TACE. All these proteins play a role in fatty acid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and methionine metabolism, providing a molecular explanation for the increased hepatosteatosis observed in Timp3(-/-) compared with WT mice. Conclusion: We have identified novel mechanisms, governed by the TACE-Timp3 interaction, involved in the determination of insulin resistance and liver steatosis during overfeeding in mice

TIMP3 interplays with apelin to regulate cardiovascular metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) bound protein, which has been shown to be downregulated in human subjects and experimental models with cardiometabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TIMP3 on cardiac energy homeostasis during increased metabolic stress conditions

Perancangan Ulang Corporate Identity PT Daun Karya Propertindo

Laporan tugas akhir ini membahas tentang perancangan corporate identity sebuah perusahaan properti dengan nama PT Daun Karya Propertindo. Perusahaan tersebut berlokasi di Tangerang Selatan. PT Daun Karya Propertindo merupakan lanjutan dari PT Daun Permata Mulia yang berganti nama karena terjadinya perubahan manajemen, sehingga identitas perusahaan mengalami perubahan. Namun identitas tersebut tidak mampu merepresentasikan entitas dari perusahaan karena tidak melalui proses perancangan identitas secara lazim, jika dibiarkan maka image bisnis perusahaan tersebut akan rusak dan akan mengalami kesulitan dalam berbagai perancangan kampanye dan promosi yang akan dilakukan. Dalam penerapannya pun identitas perusahaan tidak memiliki panduan yang memadai. Oleh karena itu tugas akhir ini akan memuat perancangan ulang identitas perusahaan serta buku panduan identitas sebagai solusi dari permasalahan tersebut

Prevention Strategy of Intrauterine Adhesions: update and future perspective

Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) caused by endometrial injury have a serious impact on women's fertility and morbility and involves a wide range of patients. Although the first case of IUAs was published in 1984 by Heinrich Fritsch, a full description of Asherman syndrome was done by Joseph Asherman. IUAs lead to a lot of complications in women, as the partial or complete closure of the uterine cavity, which may result in symptoms including abnormal menstruation, pelvic pain, recurrent pregnancy loss, secondary infertility, and pregnancy complications. Hysteroscopy, which has relegated blind curettage, is currently considered the gold standard diagnostic and therapeutic approach also as for outpatients. However, an integrated approach, including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative procedures is needed to improve the reproductive outcome of the complex syndrome. In the post-operative care, the patient can benefit from some therapeutic and prophylactic methods used alone or in combination with each other. In this review, authors discuss on the efficacy of traditional methods for the prevention of complications of IUAs after surgery, such as hormonal therapy, physical barriers, vasodilators and antibiotics, as well as novel strategies such as stem cell therapy and novel therapeutic agents