Digital Twins-A new paradigm for water supply and distribution networks

[EN] A digital twin (DT) is a virtual copy (a digital model) of a real system continuously fed with data to mimic the systems¿ past, present and future behaviour. This makes it possible to detect anomalies, test new ideas and changes in the virtual system and assess how it reacts, minimizing the risks to the real system. In this sense, the DT can be seen as a playground to explore the effects of different scenarios and to practice how to best react and operate the physical system under these circumstances. The concept of DT has been used traditionally in the industry field but it can also be developed and exploited in a city management context, and in particular in Water Supply and Distribution Networks (WSDN), where it can be applied to all aspects of the system.Martínez Alzamora, F.; Conejos Fuertes, MP.; Castro-Gama, M.; Vertommen, I. (2021). Digital Twins - A new paradigm for water supply and distribution networks. Hydrolink Magazine. 2:48-54. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1901594854

An Open Visualization Tool (openVT) For Mesh Based Water Models

Worldwide there has been a lot of developments of numerical models for water related problems, using mesh based approaches. The models are usually released with their own data formats and visualization tools. Computer power has developed greatly in the last 10-15 years resulting in capabilities of better representing physical processes, hence the size of output results becomes larger and larger. Taking this into account present paper presents the development of an open visualization tool (openVT) for mesh based water models, which has functions for loading and visualizing results from a suite of modeling systems, regardless of their data structures. The tool offers functions for multi plots and simple analysis of several variables. The paper presents the challenges of developing visualization for different type of results and of mapping these results in a comprehensible manner for the user. As an exemplification the results of Deltares modeling software suite (Delft3D, Delft3D-WAQ, SWAN, D-Flow, XBeach and SOBEK) are presented. Available file formats for visualization include netCDF, NEFIS, domain range time series binary files, and individual ASCII files. The formats have been defined as a separate structure inside openVT. Given that data structures predefined by standards, such as OpenEarth, the multi plots and simple analysis is easily implemented in Intel Visual Fortran (IVF). To improve the frame display frequency, openVT integrates the OpenGL library and optimizes the methods of data loading. The main limitation on publishing openVT as an open source code is the use of IVF, which does not belong under GNU licenses. Future works on openVT include: migration of the IVF codes to GCC, the GNU compiler collection, integration of more mesh based data types coming from other open source water modeling software such as openFOAM and TELEMAC, visualization of results from mesh free codes and development of an efficient data storage scheme

Model-Based Sectorization Of Water Distribution Networks For Increased Energy Efficiency

Efficient management of water supply systems is nowadays one of the most important challenges for water utilities. Common efficiency gains in such systems can be achieved by reducing the leakages and by reducing the energy consumption. For the case of minimization of energy consumption a new technique for sectorization and efficient pressure management is presented, based on water distribution modeling and optimization. The technique is applicable to situations when energy consumption reduction can be achieved by dividing a large Pressure Management Zone (PMZ) in smaller, but more efficient PMZs, or sectors. It consists of three steps: 1) An initial selection of areas of influence of existing water sources (e.g pumping stations) is obtained through tracer analysis; this analysis identifies a set of potential valves that can be used for creating sectors; 2) The sectors are determined through a model-based optimization (using Genetic Algorithm (GA)), by operation of isolation valves that lead to sectors’ configuration that minimizes energy consumption; 3) After creating the sectors a second stage optimization with pressure management in each sector is performed. The methodology has been applied to the case study of Milano under the framework of the EU-FP7 project ICeWater. The system of Milano is operated by Metropolitana Milanese S.p.A (MM) and supplies water to around 1.3 million inhabitants. The distribution network is supplied with groundwater by a total of 29 pumping stations with 101 pumps and currently functions as one large PMZ. Around 27,000 valves exist in the distribution network and can be used for the sectorization. A reduction in the number of feasible isolation valves used in the optimization process was performed with the tracer analysis. Initial results show that there is room for energy consumption reduction by applying the proposed sectorization approach

EcoCyc: fusing model organism databases with systems biology.

EcoCyc (http://EcoCyc.org) is a model organism database built on the genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655. Expert manual curation of the functions of individual E. coli gene products in EcoCyc has been based on information found in the experimental literature for E. coli K-12-derived strains. Updates to EcoCyc content continue to improve the comprehensive picture of E. coli biology. The utility of EcoCyc is enhanced by new tools available on the EcoCyc web site, and the development of EcoCyc as a teaching tool is increasing the impact of the knowledge collected in EcoCyc

Multidimensional annotation of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome

The annotation of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome in the EcoCyc database is one of the most accurate, complete and multidimensional genome annotations. Of the 4460 E. coli genes, EcoCyc assigns biochemical functions to 76%, and 66% of all genes had their functions determined experimentally. EcoCyc assigns E. coli genes to Gene Ontology and to MultiFun. Seventy-five percent of gene products contain reviews authored by the EcoCyc project that summarize the experimental literature about the gene product. EcoCyc information was derived from 15 000 publications. The database contains extensive descriptions of E. coli cellular networks, describing its metabolic, transport and transcriptional regulatory processes. A comparison to genome annotations for other model organisms shows that the E. coli genome contains the most experimentally determined gene functions in both relative and absolute terms: 2941 (66%) for E. coli, 2319 (37%) for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1816 (5%) for Arabidopsis thaliana, 1456 (4%) for Mus musculus and 614 (4%) for Drosophila melanogaster. Database queries to EcoCyc survey the global properties of E. coli cellular networks and illuminate the extent of information gaps for E. coli, such as dead-end metabolites. EcoCyc provides a genome browser with novel properties, and a novel interactive display of transcriptional regulatory networks

Battle of Postdisaster Response and Restoration

[EN] The paper presents the results of the Battle of Postdisaster Response and Restoration (BPDRR) presented in a special session at the first International water distribution systems analysis & computing and control in the water industry (WDSA/CCWI) Joint Conference, held in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in July 2018. The BPDRR problem focused on how to respond and restore water service after the occurrence of five earthquake scenarios that cause structural damage in a water distribution system. Participants were required to propose a prioritization schedule to fix the damages of each scenario while following restrictions on visibility/nonvisibility of damages. Each team/approach was evaluated against six performance criteria: (1) time without supply for hospital/firefighting, (2) rapidity of recovery, (3) resilience loss, (4) average time of no user service, (5) number of users without service for eight consecutive hours, and (6) water loss. Three main types of approaches were identified from the submissions: (1) general-purpose metaheuristic algorithms, (2) greedy algorithms, and (3) ranking-based prioritizations. All three approaches showed potential to solve the challenge efficiently. The results of the participants showed that for this network, the impact of a large-diameter pipe failure on the network is more significant than several smaller pipes failures. The location of isolation valves and the size of hydraulic segments influenced the resilience of the system during emergencies. On average, the interruptions to water supply (hospitals and firefighting) varied considerably among solutions and emergency scenarios, highlighting the importance of private water storage for emergencies. The effects of damages and repair work were more noticeable during the peak demand periods (morning and noontime) than during the low-flow periods; and tank storage helped to preserve functionality of the network in the first few hours after a simulated event. (C) 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.Paez, D.; Filion, Y.; Castro-Gama, M.; Quintiliani, C.; Santopietro, S.; Sweetapple, C.; Meng, F.... (2020). Battle of Postdisaster Response and Restoration. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 146(8):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001239S1131468Balut A. R. Brodziak J. Bylka and P. Zakrzewski. 2018. “Battle of post-disaster response and restauration (BPDRR).” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Bibok A. 2018. “Near-optimal restoration scheduling of damaged drinking water distribution systems using machine learning.” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Castro-Gama M. C. Quintiliani and S. Santopietro. 2018. “After earthquake post-disaster response using a many-objective approach a greedy and engineering interventions.” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Cimellaro, G. P., Tinebra, A., Renschler, C., & Fragiadakis, M. (2016). New Resilience Index for Urban Water Distribution Networks. Journal of Structural Engineering, 142(8). doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001433Cover, T., & Hart, P. (1967). Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 13(1), 21-27. doi:10.1109/tit.1967.1053964Creaco, E., Franchini, M., & Alvisi, S. (2010). Optimal Placement of Isolation Valves in Water Distribution Systems Based on Valve Cost and Weighted Average Demand Shortfall. Water Resources Management, 24(15), 4317-4338. doi:10.1007/s11269-010-9661-5Deb, K., Mohan, M., & Mishra, S. (2005). Evaluating the ε-Domination Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for a Quick Computation of Pareto-Optimal Solutions. Evolutionary Computation, 13(4), 501-525. doi:10.1162/106365605774666895Deuerlein J. D. Gilbert E. Abraham and O. Piller. 2018. “A greedy scheduling of post-disaster response and restoration using pressure-driven models and graph segment analysis.” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Deuerlein, J. W. (2008). Decomposition Model of a General Water Supply Network Graph. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134(6), 822-832. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2008)134:6(822)Di Nardo, A., Di Natale, M., Giudicianni, C., Santonastaso, G. F., & Savic, D. (2018). Simplified Approach to Water Distribution System Management via Identification of a Primary Network. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 144(2), 04017089. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000885Eliades D. G. M. Kyriakou S. Vrachimis and M. M. Polycarpou. 2016. “EPANET-MATLAB toolkit: An open-source software for interfacing EPANET with MATLAB.” In Proc. 14th Int. Conf. on Computing and Control for the Water Industry (CCWI) 8. The Hague The Netherlands: International Water Conferences. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.831493.Fragiadakis, M., Christodoulou, S. E., & Vamvatsikos, D. (2013). Reliability Assessment of Urban Water Distribution Networks Under Seismic Loads. Water Resources Management, 27(10), 3739-3764. doi:10.1007/s11269-013-0378-0Gilbert, D., Abraham, E., Montalvo, I., & Piller, O. (2017). Iterative Multistage Method for a Large Water Network Sectorization into DMAs under Multiple Design Objectives. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 143(11), 04017067. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000835Hill, D., Kerkez, B., Rasekh, A., Ostfeld, A., Minsker, B., & Banks, M. K. (2014). Sensing and Cyberinfrastructure for Smarter Water Management: The Promise and Challenge of Ubiquity. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 140(7), 01814002. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000449Hwang, H. H. M., Lin, H., & Shinozuka, M. (1998). Seismic Performance Assessment of Water Delivery Systems. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 4(3), 118-125. doi:10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(1998)4:3(118)Li Y. J. Gao C. Jian C. Ou and S. Hu. 2018. “A two-stage post-disaster response and restoration method for the water distribution system.” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Liu, W., Zhao, Y., & Li, J. (2014). Seismic functional reliability analysis of water distribution networks. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 11(3), 363-375. doi:10.1080/15732479.2014.887121Luong, H. T., & Nagarur, N. N. (2005). Optimal Maintenance Policy and Fund Allocation in Water Distribution Networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 131(4), 299-306. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2005)131:4(299)MacQueen J. B. 1967. “Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations.” In Vol. 1 of Proc. 5th Berkeley Symp. on Mathematical Statistics and Probability 281–297. Berkeley: University of California Press.Mahmoud, H. A., Kapelan, Z., & Savić, D. (2018). Real-Time Operational Response Methodology for Reducing Failure Impacts in Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 144(7), 04018029. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000956Meng, F., Fu, G., Farmani, R., Sweetapple, C., & Butler, D. (2018). Topological attributes of network resilience: A study in water distribution systems. Water Research, 143, 376-386. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.048Ostfeld, A., Uber, J. G., Salomons, E., Berry, J. W., Hart, W. E., Phillips, C. A., … Walski, T. (2008). The Battle of the Water Sensor Networks (BWSN): A Design Challenge for Engineers and Algorithms. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 134(6), 556-568. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2008)134:6(556)Paez D. Y. Filion and M. Hulley. 2018a. “Battle of post-disaster response and restoration (BPDRR)—Problem description and rules.” Accessed June 14 2019. https://www.queensu.ca/wdsa-ccwi2018/problem-description-and-files.Paez, D., Suribabu, C. R., & Filion, Y. (2018). Method for Extended Period Simulation of Water Distribution Networks with Pressure Driven Demands. Water Resources Management, 32(8), 2837-2846. doi:10.1007/s11269-018-1961-1Salcedo C. A. Aguilar P. Cuero S. Gonzalez S. Muñoz J. Pérez A. Posada J. Robles and K. Vargas. 2018. “Determination of the hydraulic restoration capacity of b-city involving a multi-criteria decision support model.” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Santonastaso G. F. E. Creaco A. Di Nardo and M. Di Natale. 2018. “Post-disaster response and restauration of B-town network based on primary network.” In Vol. 1 of Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Sophocleous S. E. Nikoloudi H. A. Mahmoud K. Woodward and M. Romano. 2018. “Simulation-based framework for the restoration of earthquake-damaged water distribution networks using a genetic algorithm.” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Sweetapple C. F. Meng R. Farmani G. Fu and D. Butler. 2018. “A heuristic approach to water network post-disaster response and restoration.” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems.Tabucchi, T., Davidson, R., & Brink, S. (2010). Simulation of post-earthquake water supply system restoration. Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, 27(4), 263-279. doi:10.1080/10286600902862615Taormina, R., Galelli, S., Tippenhauer, N. O., Salomons, E., Ostfeld, A., Eliades, D. G., … Ohar, Z. (2018). Battle of the Attack Detection Algorithms: Disclosing Cyber Attacks on Water Distribution Networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 144(8), 04018048. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000969Walski, T. M. (1993). Water distribution valve topology for reliability analysis. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 42(1), 21-27. doi:10.1016/0951-8320(93)90051-yWang, Y., Au, S.-K., & Fu, Q. (2010). Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation of Water Supply Systems. Earthquake Spectra, 26(1), 257-274. doi:10.1193/1.3276900Yoo, D. G., Kang, D., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Optimal design of water supply networks for enhancing seismic reliability. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 146, 79-88. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2015.10.001Zhang Q. F. Zheng K. Diao B. Ulanicki and Y. Huang. 2018. “Solving the battle of post-disaster response and restauration (BPDRR) problem with the aid of multi-phase optimization framework.” In Proc. 1st Int. WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conf. 14. Kingston Canada: Open Journal Systems

INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA CONGESTIVA E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES HEMODINÂMINAS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Introduction: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a chronic and progressive condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Characterized by the heart's inability to effectively pump blood to meet the body's demands, CHF results in a series of debilitating symptoms and serious complications. Methodology: For the selection of studies, inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. Studies directly addressing the relationship between CHF and its hemodynamic repercussions were included, regardless of study design. The descriptors used in the search were "congestive heart failure", "hemodynamic repercussions", "pathophysiology", "hemodynamics", among other related terms. Result: Vascular and cardiac remodeling is a direct consequence of hemodynamic alterations in CHF and contributes to disease progression and worsening clinical outcomes. Vascular remodeling includes changes in the structure and function of blood vessels, including vasodilation and vasoconstriction, vascular wall hypertrophy, and increased peripheral vascular resistance. Conclusion: Additionally, therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying hemodynamic alterations in CHF have been widely investigated and include the use of inotropic medications, vasodilators, and ventricular assist devices. These interventions aim to improve cardiac function, reduce venous and arterial congestion, and improve clinical outcomes in patients with CHF.Introdução: A Insuficiência Cardíaca Congestiva (ICC) é uma condição crônica e progressiva que afeta milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Caracterizada pela incapacidade do coração de bombear sangue de forma eficaz para atender às demandas do corpo, a ICC resulta em uma série de sintomas debilitantes e complicações graves. Metodologia: Para a seleção dos estudos, foram estabelecidos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram incluídos estudos que abordassem diretamente a relação entre ICC e suas repercussões hemodinâmicas, independentemente do desenho do estudo. Os descritores utilizados na busca foram "insuficiência cardíaca congestiva", "repercussões hemodinâmicas", "fisiopatologia", "hemodinâmica", entre outros termos relacionados. Resultado: O remodelamento vascular e cardíaco é uma consequência direta das alterações hemodinâmicas na ICC e contribui para a progressão da doença e piora dos desfechos clínicos. O remodelamento vascular inclui alterações na estrutura e função dos vasos sanguíneos, incluindo vasodilatação e vasoconstrição, hipertrofia da parede vascular e aumento da resistência vascular periférica Conclusão: Além disso, estratégias terapêuticas direcionadas para modificar as alterações hemodinâmicas na ICC têm sido amplamente investigadas e incluem o uso de medicamentos inotrópicos, vasodilatadores e dispositivos de assistência ventricular. Essas intervenções visam melhorar a função cardíaca, reduzir a congestão venosa e arterial e melhorar os desfechos clínicos dos pacientes com ICC

Enfermedades crónicas

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y relación con el control metabólico en pacientes con DM2Aluminio en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal crónico con hemodiálisis en Bogotá, ColombiaAmputación de extremidades inferiores: ¿están aumentando las tasas?Consumo de edulcorantes artificiales en jóvenes universitariosCómo crecen niños normales de 2 años que son sobrepeso a los 7 añosDiagnóstico con enfoque territorial de salud cardiovascular en la Región MetropolitanaEfecto a corto plazo de una intervención con ejercicio físico, en niños con sobrepesoEfectos de la cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con síndrome metabólico e IMC < 35 KG/M2Encuesta mundial de tabaquismo en estudiantes de profesiones de saludEnfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: Consecuencias sociales-sanitarias de comunidades rurales en ChileEpidemiología de las muertes hospitalarias por patologías relacionadas a muerte encefálica, Chile 2003-2007Estado nutricional y conductas alimentarias en adolescentes de 4º medio de la Región de CoquimboEstudio de calidad de vida en una muestra del plan piloto para hepatitis CEvaluación del proceso asistencial y de resultados de salud del GES de diabetes mellitus 2Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población universitaria de la Facsal, universidad de TarapacáImplicancias psicosociales en la génesis, evolución y tratamiento de pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencialInfarto agudo al miocardio (IAM): Realidad en el Hospital de Puerto Natales, 2009-2010Introducción de nuevas TIC y mejoría de la asistencia a un programa de saludNiños obesos atendidos en el Cesfam de Puerto Natales y su entorno familiarPerfil de la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Río de JaneiroPerfil del paciente primo-consultante del Programa de Salud Cardiovascular, Consultorio Cordillera Andina, Los AndesPrevalencia de automedicación en mujeres beneficiarias del Hospital Comunitario de Til-TiPrevalencia de caries en población preescolar y su relación con malnutrición por excesoPrevalencia de retinopatía diabética en comunas dependientes del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente (SSMOC)Problemas de adherencia farmacológica antihipertensiva en población mapuche: Un estudio cualitativoRol biológico de los antioxidantes innatos en pacientes portadores de VIH/SidaSobrepeso en empleados de un restaurante de una universidad pública del estado de São Paul

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio