Energy evaluation of extruded compound foods for dogs by near-infrared spectroscopy

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predictthe chemical composition, the apparent digestibility and the content ofdigestible nutrients and energy of commercial extruded compoundfoods fordogs

Galactic runaway O and Be stars found using Gaia DR3

A relevant fraction of massive stars are runaway stars. These stars move with a significant peculiar velocity with respect to their environment. We aim to discover and characterize the population of massive and early-type runaway stars in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs using Gaia DR3 astrometric data. We present a 2-dimensional method in the velocity space to discover runaway stars as those that deviate significantly from the velocity distribution of field stars, which are considered to follow the Galactic rotation curve. We found 106 O runaway stars, 42 of which were not previously identified as runaways. We found 69 Be runaway stars, 47 of which were not previously identified as runaways. The dispersion of runaway stars is a few times higher in Z and b than that of field stars. This is explained by the ejections they underwent when they became runaways. The percentage of runaways is 25.4% for O-type stars, and it is 5.2% for Be-type stars. In addition, we conducted simulations in 3 dimensions for our catalogs. They revealed that these percentages could increase to ~30% and ~6.7%, respectively. Our runaway stars include seven X-ray binaries and one gamma-ray binary. Moreover, we obtain velocity dispersions of ~5 km/s perpendicular to the Galactic plane for O- and Be-type field stars. These values increase in the Galactic plane to ~7 km/s for O-type stars due to uncertainties and to ~9 km/s for Be-type stars due to Galactic velocity diffusion. The excellent Gaia DR3 astrometric data have allowed us to identify a significant number of O-type and Be-type runaways in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs. The higher percentages and higher velocities found for O-type compared to Be-type runaways underline that the dynamical ejection scenario is more likely than the binary supernova scenario. Our results open the door to identifying new high-energy systems among our runaways by conducting detailed studies.Comment: 20 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

Primary gas thermometry by means of laser-absorption spectroscopy: Determination of the Boltzmann constant

We report on a new optical implementation of primary gas thermometry based on laser absorption spectrometry in the near infrared. The method consists in retrieving the Doppler broadening from highly accurate observations of the line shape of the R(12) $\nu_{1} + 2 \nu_{2}^{\phantom{1}0} + \nu_{3}$ transition in CO$_{2}$ gas at thermodynamic equilibrium. Doppler width measurements as a function of gas temperature, ranging between the triple point of water and the gallium melting point, allowed for a spectroscopic determination of the Boltzmann constant with a relative accuracy of $\sim1.6\times10^{-4}$.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letter

Alternativas a la Investigación Educativa Experimental

Con el propósito de conocer el tipo de enseñanza que produce un mayor aprendizaje, la investigación educativa generalmente ha utilizado el modelo experimental. Este modelo de investigación, sin embargo, no ha contribuido como se esperaba a mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza

Alternativas a la Investigación Educativa Experimental

Con el propósito de conocer el tipo de enseñanza que produce un mayor aprendizaje, la investigación educativa generalmente ha utilizado el modelo experimental. Este modelo de investigación, sin embargo, no ha contribuido como se esperaba a mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza

Osteonecrosis of the jaws and bisphosphonates : report of fifteen cases: therapeutic recommendations

Recently there have been reports of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients with chronic therapy with bisphosphonates (Bps). So far three drugs have been linked: Pamidronate of disodium, Zoledronic acid and Alendronate of sodium. It is due to a non detected side effect in clinical trials before commercialization, and reverberates significantly in the quality of life of these patients. Most of the cases are seen in oncology patients that have received long term concurrent antineoplasic therapy and were treated sporadically with steroids, together with Bps endovenous, for treatment of cancer and its symptoms. Among these cases we find the reported by R.E. Marx (1), S.L. Ruggiero (2) and J. V. Bagán (3). In this report fifteen cases diagnosed, treated and followed up at the author´s surgery department are presented and some suggestions are given in order to reduce the incidence in patients with cancer who are going to receive Bps, as well as in patients with established ONJ being treated with these drugs who may need a surgical intervention

Effect of the feed presentation form on the intake pattern, productive traits and rumen pH of beef cattle fed high concentrate diets

Nutritional disorders like ruminal acidosis are common in Spanish beef production system, in which animals are fed diets with a high content in starch. This experiment studied the effect of feed presentation form (concentrate and straw offered separately, CD, or mixed in form of briquettes, BR) on the pattern of intake, growth and rumen pH of beef cattle fed high concentrate diets. The experiment was performed with 40 Holstein male calves, 32 of them for determining feed intake pattern and productive rates, and the remaining 8, which were previously provided with a ruminal cannula, to monitor rumen pH in two 21-day consecutive periods following a change-over design. Animals fed BR reduced feed intake rate during the first hour after feeding (18.6 vs. 24.0% of daily intake p<0.001), but this diet promoted a lower rumen pH at all sampling times compared with CD (daily average of 5.98 vs. 6.33; p<0.001) and tended to promote a lower total feed intake (7.08 vs. 9.77 kg DM d–1; p<0.001) and daily weight gain (1.43 vs. 1.76 kg d–1; p=0.056). Offering the concentrate and the straw mixed in form of briquettes is not useful to prevent ruminal acidosis and improve growth, probably due to both a reduced particle size of straw and avoided self-regulation of straw intake along the day. Additional key words: fee

Endogenous Matching in University-Industry Collaboration: Theory and Empirical Evidence from the United Kingdom

We use a two-sided matching framework to analyze collaboration between heterogeneous academics and firms. We consider both horizontal and vertical characteristics—those related to affinity (e.g., preferences for a type of scientific research) and those related to ability (e.g., capacity to produce high-quality scientific output). We build a unique data set based on the teams of academics and firms that proposed research projects to the UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Our results are suggestive of positive assortative matching in terms of ability and type, while the matching is negative assortative in terms of their interactions. The most able and the most applied academics are the ones that are more likely to propose collaborative as opposed to noncollaborative projects