The changing form of Antarctic biodiversity

Antarctic biodiversity is much more extensive, ecologically diverse and biogeographically structured than previously thought. Understanding of how this diversity is distributed in marine and terrestrial systems, the mechanisms underlying its spatial variation, and the significance of the microbiota is growing rapidly. Broadly recognizable drivers of diversity variation include energy availability and historical refugia. The impacts of local human activities and global environmental change nonetheless pose challenges to the current and future understanding of Antarctic biodiversity. Life in the Antarctic and the Southern Ocean is surprisingly rich, and as much at risk from environmental change as it is elsewher

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Reflexionando y cuestionando la política sanitaria en América Latina: implicaciones en investigación en la enfermería comunitaria, 1980 - 2000 Refletindo e questionando a política sanitária na América Latina: implicações na pesquisa em enfermagem comunitária, 1980 - 2000 Reflecting and questioning the sanitary politics in Latin America: implications in research in the communitarian nursing, 1980 - 2000

El objeto de estudio: la vinculación analítica intersectorial y procesos que inciden en la política sanitaria en América Latina, significado social y el cuidado de enfermería comunitaria. Objetivos: describir la política sanitaria; analizar la práctica de Enfermería en diferentes niveles de complejidad, atención, participación y discutir su práctica comunitaria para implementar políticas sanitarias. Referencial teórico, ideología: Thompson 1995, cultura: Geertz 1989. Reflexión analítica, dialéctica, en implementación de programas y reformas, a través de revisión documentaria y estudios. Investigación cualitativa. Sujetos: enfermeras. Se evidenciaron: reformulaciones normativas verticales permanentes, realidad social con problemas convencionales, emergentes que alteran el bienestar comunitario. Concluimos que la enfermería precisa, investigar críticamente: normas sanitarias, el cuidado que ofrece, su interdisciplinaridad e interacción social, resguardando derechos humanos ante normas discriminadoras, situación conflictiva por incoherencias entre directrices institucionales verticales y autonomía profesional, con perspectiva de crear Líneas de Investigación en Enfermería de cuestionamiento crítico de Política Sanitaria en América Latina.<br>O objeto do estudo: a vinculação analítica e os processos intersectoriais e processos que incidem na política sanitária em América Latina, significado social e o cuidado de enfermagem comunitária. Objetivos: descrever a política sanitária; analisar a prática de enfermagem nos níveis diferentes de complexidade, atendimento, participação e discutir sua prática comunitária para a implementação da política sanitária. O referencial teórico, ideologia: Thompson 1995, cultura: Geertz 1989. Reflexão analítica, dialética, na implementação de programas e das reformas, através de revisão documentaria e estudos. Investigação Qualitativa. Sujeitos: enfermeiras. Evidenciaram-se: reformulações normativas verticais permanentes, realidade social com problemas convencionais, emergentes que alteram o bem estar comunitário. Nós concluímos que a enfermagem precisa, pesquisar criticamente: normas sanitárias, o cuidado que oferece, sua interdisciplinaridade e interação social, protegendo direitos humanos diante das normas discriminadoras, situação conflitiva pelas incoerências entre diretrizes institucionais verticais e a autonomia profissional, na perspectiva de criar linhas de pesquisa na enfermagem de questionamento crítico da Política Sanitária em América Latina.<br>The study object: the intersectorial analytical entailment and processes that affect the sanitary policy in Latin America, social meaning and the care of communitarian nursing. Objectives: to describe the sanitary policy; to analyze the practice of nursing in different levels from complexity, attention, participation and to discuss its communitarian practice to implement political toilets. Referential theoretician, ideology: Thompson 1995, culture: Geertz 1989. Analytical, dialectic reflection, in implementation of programs and reforms, through documentaria revision and studies. Qualitative investigation. Subjects: nurses. They demonstrated themselves: permanent vertical normative reformulaciones, social reality with conventional, emergent problems that alter the communitarian well-being. We concluded that precise nursing, to investigate critically: sanitary norms, the care that offers, its interdisciplinaridad and social interaction, protecting human rights before discriminating norms, conflicting situation by incoherences between vertical institutional directives and professional autonomy, with perspective to create Lines of Investigation in Nursing of critical cuestionamiento of Sanitary Policy in Latin America

Grupos de Pesquisa de Educação em Enfermagem do Brasil

O estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar os Grupos de Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem do Brasil quanto à sua organização. Pesquisa documental, descritiva, quantitativa. As informações foram coletadas no Banco de Dados e Estatísticas do Portal Online do CNPq - censo 2006. O Brasil possui 47 Grupos de Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem, com 412 pesquisadores, dos quais 91% apresentam título de mestrado, doutorado ou pós-doutorado. Dos 307 estudantes, 92% são graduandos de Enfermagem, porém apenas 9% são bolsistas de iniciação científica. Entre os 112 técnicos, 75% são de Enfermagem, 46% possuem titulação de mestre ou doutor. Há um número expressivo de Grupos que contribuem significativamente para a produção de conhecimento no setor de educação, em nível latino-americano. Todavia, ainda são muitos os desafios a serem superados como a frágil interdisciplinaridade, a limitada integração ensino-serviço, o baixo fomento de bolsas de iniciação científica e as significativas desigualdades no acesso e desenvolvimento de pesquisas nas diferentes regiões do país

Life history traits and reproductive mode of the tardigrade Acutuncus antarcticus under laboratory conditions: strategies to colonize the Antarctic environment

Global climate change has become an important issue, particularly for organisms living in the Antarctic region, as the predicted temperature increase can affect their life history traits. The reproductive mode and life history traits of one of the most widespread species of tardigrades in Antarctica were analyzed. Specimens of the eutardigrade Acutuncus antarcticus from a temporary freshwater pond at Victoria Land (Antarctica) were individually cultured. This species reproduced continuously by thelytokous meiotic parthenogenesis. Its life cycle was short (60–90 days) and the reproductive output was low, with a short generation time (25–26 days). The maternal effect can be responsible of the phenotypic plasticity observed in life history traits of the three analyzed generations that may be seen as a bethedging strategy, as also observed in other animals inhabiting stochastic environments. These traits, along with the cryptobiotic capability of A. antarcticus, are advantageous for exploiting the conditions suitable for growth and reproduction during the short Antarctic summer, and can explain its wide distribution on the Antarctic continent. These results open new avenues of research for determining the role of bet-hedging strategy in organisms living in unpredictable environments