Programa de educación ambiental en el Consejo Popular Capitán San Luis

This investigation is directed to develop the environmental education of the people of Popular Council 4 of Capitan San Luis neighborhood, Pinar del Rio municipality. Such contribution is materialized through the application of an environmental education program with a participating approach and the presence of street art. The research is asserted by the combination of quantitative and qualitative investigation methods and techniques which made it possible to know the perceptions of social actors of the community in relation with the environmental problems that affect them and the current state of the environment to design together with them educative actions that lead to the self -transformation and transformation of the present context. The most significant outcomes of this environmental education program have been directed to the people of the community themselves who have taken this process as protagonists of their own changes triggering an active and transforming learning and thus to contribute to their social , economic and natural wellbeing.La presente investigación surgió como necesidad de fortalecer la gestión ambiental comunitaria en la Circunscripción 4 del Consejo Popular Capitán San Luis, Pinar del Río. Dicha contribución se materializó a través de la implementación de un programa de educación ambiental, con un enfoque participativo y con la presencia del arte callejero. La investigación se sustentó en la combinación de métodos y técnicas de la investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa, los que posibilitaron medir el nivel de conocimiento ambiental de los actores sociales de la comunidad objeto de estudio, la percepción de las problemáticas que existen en su entorno y diseñar acciones educativas con vistas a su auto transformación y transformación del contexto. Los resultados más significativos obtenidos con la implementación del Programa de educación ambiental han estado en función de los actores de la comunidad, quienes han asumido este proceso como protagonistas de sus propios cambios, propiciando un aprendizaje activo y transformador, para contribuir de esta forma a su bienestar natural, económico y social

Computer-Based Cognitive Training Improves Brain Functional Connectivity in the Attentional Networks: A Study With Primary School-Aged Children

We have shown that a computer-based program that trains schoolchildren in cognitive tasks that mainly tap working memory (WM), implemented by teachers and integrated into school routine, improved cognitive and academic skills compared with an active control group. Concretely, improvements were observed in inhibition skills, non-verbal IQ, mathematics and reading skills. Here, we focus on a subsample from the overarching study who volunteered to be scanned using a resting state fMRI protocol before and 6-month after training. This sample reproduced the aforementioned behavioral effects, and brain functional connectivity changes were observed within the attentional networks (ATN), linked to improvements in inhibitory control. Findings showed stronger relationships between inhibitory control scores and functional connectivity in a right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) cluster in trained children compared to children from the control group. Seed-based analyses revealed that connectivity between the r-MFG and homolateral parietal and superior temporal areas were more strongly related to inhibitory control in trained children compared to the control group. These findings highlight the relevance of computer-based cognitive training, integrated in real-life school environments, in boosting cognitive/academic performance and brain functional connectivity

Perspectivas sostenibles del desarrollo: integración de la resiliencia a la ordenación urbana

The contribution of knowledge of resilience helps to improve the preparation of society and the territories involved in the face of threats of natural origin. That is why the planned consideration of the capacity of environmental resources is essential in territorial planning, when it is complemented by the ecosystem, strategic and participatory approach to help urban-territorial development. It also makes possible better economic resources, better decision making. That is why the general objective of this article was to analyzed the contribution of resilience to territorial and urban planning in order to contribute to the understanding, improvement and assurance of approaches that help the sustainability of development and the capacity to respond to various threats that cause extreme natural phenomena both in urban areas and the rest of the territory. For this, theoretical, statistical and empirical methods were used that allowed the incorporation of resilience components as contributions to urban-territorial planning to reduce risks to extreme natural phenomena, considered as retarders of development in the territories.El aporte de conocimientos de la resiliencia contribuye a elevar la preparación de la sociedad y los territorios involucrados ante amenazas de origen natural. Es por ello que la consideración planificada de la capacidad de los recursos ambientales es esencial en el ordenamiento territorial, cuando se complementa con el enfoque ecosistémico, estratégico y participativo para ayudar al desarrollo urbano-territorial. Posibilita también ante recursos económicos escasos, una mejor toma de decisiones. Es por ello que el objetivo general de este artículo fue analizar el aporte de la resiliencia al ordenamiento territorial y urbano para en contribución al entendimiento, mejoramiento y aseguramiento de enfoques que ayuden a la sostenibilidad del desarrollo y a las capacidades de respuestas ante diversas amenazas que ocasionan los fenómenos naturales extremos tanto en zonas urbanas como al resto del territorio. Para ello se utilizaron métodos teóricos, estadísticos y empíricos que permitieron incorporar componentes de la resiliencia como aportes al ordenamiento urbano-territorial para aminorar los riesgos ante fenómenos naturales extremos, considerados como retardadores del desarrollo en los territorios

Characteristics of retinal lesions in patients diagnosed with Ocular Toxoplasmosis who come to a reference center in ophthalmology in Paraguay.

Introducción: La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad parasitaria, en América Latina la prevalencia es relativamente alta, se sabe que la enfermedad no solo es la causa más frecuente de uveítis posterior, sino también la causa principal de la uveítis en sí misma. En Paraguay no se dispone de datos epidemiológicos publicados sobre la misma. Objetivo: Determinar las características de las lesiones retinianas en pacientes con diagnóstico de Toxoplasmosis ocular. Metodología: El presente estudio es observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, temporalmente retrospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Se enfocó en pacientes con diagnóstico de Toxoplasmosis que acudieron al servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital de Clínicas, durante el periodo de junio de 2020 a febrero 2022. Resultados: Se observó un 54,3 % de mujeres, una media de 30,62 +/- 12,96 años y un 62,8 % de procedencia urbana. El 88,3 % de los casos fueron unilaterales, la mitad de episodios primarios, el 93,6 % casos agudos, y el 97,9 % tuvo un mecanismo de trasmisión adquirido. La mayoría se presentó como Panuveítis, las localizaciones más frecuentes de las lesiones retinocoroideas fueron el Polo posterior (extramacular) y la periferia. El principal abordaje terapéutico fue el tratamiento con Trimetoprim Sulfametoxazol y corticoides sistémicos, la duración del tratamiento fue de 6,51 +/- 1,52 semanas, y las principales complicaciones fueron la Vitritis residual y la Hipertensión ocular. Discusión: La toxoplasmosis ocular es una causa importante de morbilidad visual. Se hace fundamental la prevención de la infección por este parásito mediante medidas higiénico-sanitarias, así como el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de los pacientes infectados, de tal manera a disminuir las complicaciones asociadas a esta patología.Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease, in Latin America the prevalence is relatively high, it is known that the disease is not only the most frequent cause of posterior uveitis, but also the main cause of uveitis itself. In Paraguay there are no published epidemiological data on it. Objective: To determine the characteristics of retinal lesions in patients diagnosed with ocular Toxoplasmosis. Methods: This study is observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, temporally retrospective, with non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. It focused on patients diagnosed with Toxoplasmosis who attended the Ophthalmology service of the Hospital de Clínicas, during the period from June 2020 to February 2022. Results: 54.3% of women were observed, an average of 30.62 +/ - 12.96 years old and 62.8% of urban origin. 88.3% of the cases were unilateral, half were primary episodes, 93.6% acute cases, and 97.9% had an acquired transmission mechanism. Most presented as panuveitis, the most frequent locations of retinochoroidal lesions were the posterior pole (extramacular) and the periphery. The main therapeutic approach was treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and systemic corticosteroids, the duration of treatment was 6.51 +/- 1.52 weeks, and the main complications were residual vitritis and ocular hypertension. Discussion: Ocular toxoplasmosis is an important cause of visual morbidity. It is essential to prevent infection by this parasite through hygienic-sanitary measures, as well as early diagnosis and treatment of infected patients, in order to reduce the complications associated with this pathology

Computer-Based Training in Math and Working Memory Improves Cognitive Skills and Academic Achievement in Primary School Children:Behavioral Results

Student academic achievement has been positively related to further development outcomes, such as the attainment of higher educational, employment, and socioeconomic aspirations. Among all the academic competences, mathematics has been identified as an essential skill in the field of international leadership as well as for those seeking positions in disciplines related to science, technology, and engineering. Given its positive consequences, studies have designed trainings to enhance children's mathematical skills. Additionally, the ability to regulate and control actions and cognitions, i.e., executive functions (EF), has been associated with school success, which has resulted in a strong effort to develop EF training programs to improve students' EF and academic achievement. The present study examined the efficacy of a school computer-based training composed of two components, namely, working memory and mathematics tasks. Among the advantages of using a computer-based training program is the ease with which it can be implemented in school settings and the ease by which the difficulty of the tasks can be adapted to fit the child's ability level. To test the effects of the training, children's cognitive skills (EF and IQ) and their school achievement (math and language grades and abilities) were evaluated. The results revealed a significant improvement in cognitive skills, such as non-verbal IQ and inhibition, and better school performance in math and reading among the children who participated in the training compared to those children who did not. Most of the improvements were related to training on WM tasks. These findings confirmed the efficacy of a computer-based training that combined WM and mathematics activities as part of the school routines based on the training's impact on children's academic competences and cognitive skills

El mundo es un parto constante: Poemas ganadores del concurso "Nuevos talentos en homenaje a Osvaldo Sauma"

El libro recoge los poemas ganadores de un concurso de poesía hecho como homenaje al poeta Osvaldo Sauma.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Extensión CulturalUCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede del Atlántic

Naica's "Cueva de los Cristales": Synchrotron radiation characterization of the wall-crystal interface

Naica's "Cueva de los Cristales" was discovered in 2000. It has been considered particularly interesting for its beauty and the challenges it poses to crystallography. This article focuses on the study of the wall-selenite interface by various techniques, particularly X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with emphasis on micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (micro-XANES). The main phases calcite, quartz, goethite and montmorillonite were identified by XRD, as well as the association of crystalline and amorphous minor and trace phases of Zn, Mn, Cu, As and Pb. The latter were identified in micro-XRF maps and micro-XANES spectra. The results for the morphology and the chemical description of the crystal-wall interface may contribute to propose a nucleation and growth mechanism for Naica megacrystals

Trabajo social comunitario: acciones desde lo rural.

Con el ánimo de conversar al respecto acerca de nuevas posibilidades de actuación desde lo comunitario en escenarios rurales, se llevó a cabo en mayo del 2014 el iv Seminario Internacional de Trabajo Social Comunitario: Acciones desde lo Rural, el cual buscaba establecer diálogos entre espacios académicos y populares, todo esto a partir de los saberes de las comunidades en territorios rurales, con la intención de comprender el campo de acción del trabajo social en este escenario a nivel regional, nacional e internacional

Trabajo social comunitario: acciones desde lo rural.

Con el ánimo de conversar al respecto acerca de nuevas posibilidades de actuación desde lo comunitario en escenarios rurales, se llevó a cabo en mayo del 2014 el iv Seminario Internacional de Trabajo Social Comunitario: Acciones desde lo Rural, el cual buscaba establecer diálogos entre espacios académicos y populares, todo esto a partir de los saberes de las comunidades en territorios rurales, con la intención de comprender el campo de acción del trabajo social en este escenario a nivel regional, nacional e internacional

Territorios sustentables en contexto de pandemia

La obra ofrece trabajos que brindan un conocimiento científico sobre el impacto de la pandemia en la salud, la economía, el ambiente y los territorios y se plantean desafíos para hacer más sostenible la vida en las ciudades y en el campo para insertarse y poder competir a nivel global