Au-Cu/SBA(Ti) based catalysts for photocatalytic applications

Comunicación a congresoIn this work, it has been synthesized several Au and Au-Cu alloy photocatalysts supported on two different mesoporous supports: a non-commercial SBA-15 and a post-synthesis TiO2 modified SBA-15 (TiSBA-15), with which a high dispersion of TiO2 species have been achieved maintaining the SBA-15 structure. In addition, it has also been obtained highly dispersed Au nanoparticles confined in SBA-15 pore channels, as can be observed in Figure 1. The photocatalysts have been preliminary tested in the preferential CO oxidation in a H2-rich stream (CO-PROX) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure under simulated solar light irradiation. In spite of the very low gold and copper loading (1.5 wt% and 0.5wt% respectively), the catalysts resulted active and selective in the low temperature photo-CO-PROX.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Role of Mo in catalysts based on noble metals in hydrodeoxygenation reactions

The use of bio-energy as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels is nowadays attracting more and more attention. The bio-fuel from biomass seems to be a potential energy substitute for fossil fuels since it is a renewable resource that could contribute to sustainable development and global environmental preservation and it appears to have significant economic potential1. The problem is its high oxygen content, which gives undesirable properties for combustion. To remove oxygen, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions are carried out. Monometallic Mo/Si, Pt/Si as well as bimetallic PtMo/Si catalysts were prepared and evaluated in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO)reaction of dibenzofurane (DBF) as a model molecule in biomass derived bio-oil.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Nanoestructuras de ceria-titania para fotodegradar azul de metileno con luz solar simulada

En los últimos años la protección ambiental y el uso de fuentes de energía renovables son dos objetivos principales en la investigación química. La energía solar se puede aprovechar para la degradación fotocatalítica de moléculas orgánicas contaminantes, hormonas o medicamentos, tanto en el aire, en el agua, como en las superficies, porque la luz solar es capaz de descomponerlas [1]. A pesar de la gran cantidad de aplicaciones fotocatalíticas de la titania (TiO2), fotocatalizador no tóxico, de bajo costo y muy prometedor [2], hay algunos factores críticos que limitan su fotoactividad. El principal es el valor de su salto de energía, que limita su uso como fotocatalizador en la región UV del espectro. Con el objetivo principal de extender su uso a la región visible del espectro, en literatura se ha propuesto el depósito de metales nobles en su superficie, modificaciones superficiales, así como el dopaje con iones de metales de transición o elementos de tierras raras. En este sentido, el uso de ceria (CeO2) ha atraído una gran atención debido a propiedades como su biocompatibilidad, inercia química así como su actividad en reacciones de oxidación, relacionada con la formación vacantes de oxígeno en su superficie [3]. Se ha comprobado que el sistema oxídico mixto CeO2-TiO2 es más fotoactivo que la titania pura debido a la disminución del salto de energía y a la mejora en la movilidad de los excitones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar fotocatalizadores basados en nanoestructuras de titania que sean activas en el visible, dopando la matriz de titania con cerio. Principalmente se pretende evaluar tanto el papel del cerio como la morfología del nanomaterial en la respuesta fotocatalítica bajo luz UV y solar.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The impact of smart grid technology on dielectrics and electrical insulation

Delivery of the Smart Grid is a topic of considerable interest within the power industry in general, and the IEEE specifically. This paper presents the smart grid landscape as seen by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society (DEIS) Technical Committee on Smart Grids. We define the various facets of smart grid technology, and present an examination of the impacts on dielectrics within power assets. Based on the trajectory of current research in the field, we identify the implications for asset owners and operators at both the device level and the systems level. The paper concludes by identifying areas of dielectrics and insulation research required to fully realize the smart grid concept. The work of the DEIS is fundamental to achieving the goals of a more active, self-managing grid

Estimation of the specific enthalpy–temperature functions for plastering mortars containing hybrid mixes of phase change materials

The use of phase change materials (PCMs) for the building sector is increasingly attracting attention from researchers and practitioners. Several research studies forwarded the possibility of incorporating microencapsulated PCM in plastering mortars for building facades, in pursuit of increased energy efficiency associated with the heat storage capacity of PCM. However, most of these studies are centred in the use of a single type of PCM, which is bound to be more adequate for a given season of the year (e.g. winter or summer) than for all the seasons. The study proposed in this work regards the evaluation of the possibility of using more than one kind of PCM, with distinct melting ranges, here termed as hybrid PCMs, in plastering mortars, to achieve adequately advantageous performance in all seasons of the year. To characterize the PCM, the specific enthalpy and phase change temperature should be adequately measured. The main purpose of this study was to show the conceptual feasibility of combining PCMs in mortars and to evaluate the behaviour of the resulting mortars with differential scanning calorimeter. The results showed that the behaviour of the mortar that contains more than one type of PCM can be predicted through the superposition of effects of the independent PCMs and no interaction occurs between them. The knowledge obtained from the experimental testing established bases for a framework of numerical simulation of real-scale applications, which can be used to ascertain the feasibility of the hybrid PCM concept for decreases in energy consumption of heating/cooling demands in the buildings.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Transition from Fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated Outflow in Three-Episode GRB 160625B

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux-dominated at the central engine and likely in the emission region as well. There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component suggesting a likely hybrid jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being $\sim$ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L$_{\rm p, iso}\sim 4\times 10^{53}$ erg/s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.Comment: Revised version reflecting the referees' comments. 27 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. The final edited version will appear in Nature Astronom

Adsorption of CO2 on Amine-Grafted Activated Carbon

Adsorption on amine-grafted materials may be a potentially attractive alternative to capturing CO2 from power plants. Activated Carbon (AC) has been proposed as a potential adsorbent due to its natural affinity for CO2 and to the possibility of tailoring textural properties and surface chemistry to enhance capacity and selectivity. An AC commercial sample was functionalized with monoethanolamine (MEA) in order to obtain nitrogen-enriched AC with two different loadings (ACN10 and ACN20). Samples characterization was carried out by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K, XPS, FTIR and adsorption microcalorimetry. CO2 equilibrium adsorption experiments were accomplished in a volumetric system in the pressure range of vacuum up to 10 bar, at 298 and 348 K. Impregnated activated carbon presented different chemical and textural characteristics with a significant reduction in the surface area, depending on the amine loading. A high adsorption capacity at room temperature and high pressure was observed for the pristine AC as compared to the modified samples. The reduction in surface area affected the adsorption capacity of CO2 at 298 and 348 K, except for adsorption on ACN10 at 348 K, which suggests the occurrence of chemisorption.Fil: Bezerra, Diôgo P.. Universidade Federal do Ceara. Department of Chemical Engineering. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Francisco W. M.. Universidade Federal do Ceara. Department of Chemical Engineering. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: de Moura, Pedro A. S.. Universidade Federal do Ceara. Department of Chemical Engineering. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, Rodrigo S.. Universidade Federal do Ceara. Department of Chemical Engineering. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: Rodriguez Castellon, Enrique. Universidad de Malaga. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: de Azevedo, Diana C. S.. Universidade Federal do Ceara. Department of Chemical Engineering. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; Brasi

The Carnegie Supernova Project I: photometry data release of low-redshift stripped-envelope supernovae

The first phase of the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP-I) was a dedicated supernova follow-up program based at the Las Campanas Observatory that collected science data of young, low-redshift supernovae between 2004 and 2009. Presented in this paper is the CSP-I photometric data release of low-redshift stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae. The data consist of optical (uBgVri) photometry of 34 objects, with a subset of 26 having near-infrared (YJH) photometry. Twenty objects have optical pre-maximum coverage with a subset of 12 beginning at least five days prior to the epoch of B-band maximum brightness. In the near-infrared, 17 objects have pre-maximum observations with a subset of 14 beginning at least five days prior to the epoch of J-band maximum brightness. Analysis of this photometric data release is presented in companion papers focusing on techniques to estimate host-galaxy extinction (Stritzinger et al., submitted) and the light-curve and progenitor star properties of the sample (Taddia et al., submitted). The analysis of an accompanying visual-wavelength spectroscopy sample of ~150 spectra will be the subject of a future paper.Comment: Updated a couple of small error

The Insulation of HVDC Extruded Cable System Joints. Part 1: Review of Materials, Design and Testing Procedures

This position paper by the DEIS HVDC Cable Systems Technical Committee provides a review of existing diagnostic electrical and dielectric techniques for testing the insulation of polymeric extruded HVDC cable joints in the present Part 1. Here, the state of the art on the insulation of HVDC extruded cable system joints is covered with reference to types, design and testing techniques. This helps to identify routine tests as the first target for the onset of new testing procedures, AC-PD measurements as the readily-available measurement from manufacturers' practices for quality control of the insulation of accessories during routine tests and VHF/UHF wireless sensors as the best tool for performing such measurements on joints in the noisy factory environment. Thereby, a novel protocol for the measurement of partial discharges using AC voltages and VHF/UHF sensors, for quality control during routine tests on such joints, is derived in the next Part 2. This protocol is the main novelty of this investigation