Glassy dynamics in asymmetric binary mixtures of hard-spheres

The binary hard-sphere mixture is one of the simplest representations of a many-body system with competing time and length scales. This model is relevant to fundamentally understand both the structural and dynamical properties of materials, such as metallic melts, colloids, polymers and bio-based composites. It also allows us to study how different scales influence the physical behavior of a multicomponent glass-forming liquid; a question that still awaits a unified description. In this contribution, we report on distinct dynamical arrest transitions in highly asymmetric binary colloidal mixtures, namely, a single glass of big particles, in which the small species remains ergodic, and a double glass with the simultaneous arrest of both components. When the mixture approaches any glass transition, the relaxation of the collective dynamics of both species becomes coupled. In the single glass domain, spatial modulations occur due to the structure of the large spheres, a feature not observed in the two-glass domain. The relaxation of the \emph{self} dynamics of small and large particles, in contrast, become decoupled at the boundaries of both transitions; the large species always displays dynamical arrest, whereas the small ones appear arrested only in the double glass. Thus, in order to obtain a complete picture of the distinct glassy states, one needs to take into account the dynamics of both species

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10–24 years during the past three decades. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10–14, 15–19, and 20–24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings: In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31·1 million DALYs (of which 16·2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10–24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34·4% (from 17·5 to 11·5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47·7% (from 15·9 to 8·3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80·5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39·4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010–19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16·7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48·5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0·2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010–19. Interpretation: As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low–middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Self-consistent generalized Langevin equation theory of the dynamics of multicomponent atomic liquids

A fundamental challenge of the theory of liquids is to understand the similarities and differences in the macroscopic dynamics of both colloidal and atomic liquids, which originate in the (Newtonian or Brownian) nature of the microscopic motion of their constituents. Starting from the recently discovered long-time dynamic equivalence between a colloidal and an atomic liquid that share the same interparticle pair potential, in this work we develop a self-consistent generalized Langevin equation theory for the dynamics of equilibrium multicomponent atomic liquids, applicable as an approximate but quantitative theory describing the long-time diffusive dynamical properties of simple equilibrium atomic liquids. When complemented with a Gaussian-like approximation, this theory is also able to provide a reasonable representation of the passage from a ballistic to diffusive behavior. We illustrate the applicability of the resulting theory with three particular examples, namely, a monodisperse and a polydisperse monocomponent hard-sphere liquid and a highly size-asymmetric binary hard-sphere mixture. To assess the quantitative accuracy of our results, we perform event-driven molecular dynamics simulations, which corroborate the general features of the theoretical predictions

Memorias: primer encuentro de la RED internacional de investigación en el marco de la X Jornada de Investigación 2019

ERII 2019 es el Primer Encuentro de la Red Internacional Universitaria para el Desarrollo de la Investigación y las Publicaciones Científicas, conformada por la Universidad Católica de Colombia, la Universidad Católica de Salta (Argentina), la Universidad de Monterrey (México) y la Universidad Gabriela Mistral (Chile). Esta red tiene como principal objetivo potenciar el desarrollo de la actividad investigativa, mediante la formalización de redes de investigadores, la promoción de actividades conjuntas, el diseño de planes y movilidad y el trabajo en una red editorial. La actividad académica fue un espacio abierto para compartir experiencias y resultados de investigación no solo de las universidades adscritas a la red, sino de otras instituciones que participaron en el evento. (Tomado de la fuente).1ra ediciónIntroducción ponencias I. Derecho y Ciencias Sociales Análisis del marco institucional vinculado a la implementación de las salvaguardas REDD+ en la Provincia de Salta, Argentina Guadalupe Zapata: intersticios en la construcción histórica fundacional de Pereira, Colombia La notificación por aviso como garantía al debido proceso y tutela judicial efectiva en el proceso monitorio colombiano: análisis en el marco de la Sentencia C-031/2019 Migración y prácticas territoriales de la comunidad boliviana en la ciudad de Salta, Argentina El derecho de infancia y adolescencia en Colombia: reflexiones sobre su estatuto jurídico-doctrinal La soberanía funcional en Colombia para los derechos humanos Agnición de los militares víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia Elementos politológicos y jurídicos del voto en blanco, el voto nulo y el abstencionismo en las elecciones presidenciales de Ecuador 2017, Costa Rica 2018 y Colombia 2018 La democracia: ¿un fruto envenenado? Una propuesta de jerarquización de las democracias liberales Estudio sobre las relaciones de similitud, causalidad y simbólicas en niños de 3 a 13 años Garantías para el ejercicio de los derechos de los usuarios y estudiantes con discapacidad, enfocado en la inclusión desde el consultorio jurídico de CECAR II. Arte, Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño La industrialización como motor de suburbanización y metropolización de Monterrey, México, en el siglo XX Reivindicación del campesinado desde sus prácticas y saberes: tradiciones en tiempos del posacuerdo en el Sumapaz (Colombia) Diseño geométrico de “calado” para potencializar la ventilación natural en edificaciones El Anfiteatro de la quebrada de Las Conchas: caracterización acústica direccional Estrategia de intervención urbana para la reconfiguración de las redes caminables del borde urbano. Caso de estudio: Sierra Morena, USME Instrumentos musicales del Caribe colombiano en vías de extinción: guandú, arco de boca y marimba de pierna Dispositivos de cambio: intervenciones colectivas en el borde urbano suroriental de Bogotá Creación de nuevos procesos y diseños para la arquitectura de América Latina con la ayuda de indicadores III. Ingeniería y Tecnología Diseño de inclusión tecnológica educativa a través del B-Learning y las TIC Diseño de soluciones tecnológicas a problemas del contexto local en región a través del semillero de investigación TECSIS de la Universidad de Caldas Aplicación de las tecnologías semánticas a la forensia digital: ontología del correo electrónico y su trazabilidad para el análisis forense M-Learning aplicado para estudio de mercados en la formulación de proyectos Análisis en la generación de caudales pico a partir del cambio de la cobertura vegetal en la cuenca Sardinata, departamento del Norte de Santander, Colombia Análisis de impactos ambientales provocados por el aprovechamiento de recursos naturales renovables: metodologías que desarrollan nuevas fuentes generadoras de energía en Panamá y Colombia Aplicación de un modelo unificado para arcillas y arenas a suelos típicos de la ciudad de Salta Estudio técnico para la planeación de la emisora radial de la Universidad Católica de Colombia con migración hacia radio digital La transferencia de las tecnologías limpias en la vivienda social en Brasil y Colombia Desarrollo de un contador Geiger-Müller para verificar la exposición a la radiación en salas de radiología convencional Diseño de un controlador tolerante a fallas en un vehículo de suspensión semiactiva IV. Ciencias de la Salud Biorremediación de residuos peligrosos generados por laboratorios de docencia de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca Morbilidad en Ecuador, 2007-2016 El desplazamiento del metabolismo de atorvastatina es afectado por los polimorfismos SLCO1B1 y ABCB1 en la población mexicana Terapia ocupacional basada en la evidencia y razonamiento profesional en equipos interdisciplinares de tecnología de apoyo: prótesis impresas en 3D de la Corporación Fabrilab Vicisitudes actuales de la autoridad en las familias de Salta, Argentina Efecto de la lesión por leishmaniasis cutánea (Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis) en el nervio periférico y dermis en ratones Balb/C. Estudio in vivo Diseño y validación del cuestionario de gravedad social percibida del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes Diseño y construcción de una aplicación virtual para rehabilitación auditiva en adultos Revisión sistemática: propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria en joven, adulto y persona mayor V. Negocios, Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas Estudio de factibilidad para la conformación de una empresa prestadora de servicios para motocicletas en Manizales Oferta productiva del cacao colombiano en el posconflicto: estrategias para el aprovechamiento de oportunidades comerciales en el marco del acuerdo comercial entre Colombia y la Unión Europea VI. Educación y Humanidades La infantilización del estudiante universitario: origen, situación actual e implicaciones Promoción de competencias socioafectivas en el aula Análisis de la estructura curricular de la Licenciatura en Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo: el sistema modular La familia cristiana, una nueva buena para el tercer milenio: los Encuentros Mundiales de las Familias, de Juan Pablo II a Francisco (1994-2018) Perspectivas de la innovación educativa que caracterizan los trabajos de investigación de la Maestría en E-Learning de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (Colombia) Análisis de las nuevas tendencias laborales y formativas del trabajador social de Uniminuto (Girardot) Articulación entre la educación religiosa escolar y el derecho a la libertad religiosa Análisis correlacional del aporte de la educación pregradual a la educación secundaria de los egresados del programa de Trabajo Social del 2018 del CRG Uniminuto El aprendizaje en la resignificación de la vida de las infancias Modelo teórico predictor de la retención estudiantil a partir del engagement en la Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores La letra con sangre entra: castigo permitido en la educación escolar en Bogotá La diferencia en la educación pósteres I. Arte, Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño Restructuración de los paisajes naturales presentes en los bordes urbanos de Bogotá ¿Paisaje, medioambiente y tecnología como bioarquitectura del paisaje? El equipamiento de culto en la construcción del borde urbano de la ciudad II. Ingeniería y Tecnología Nueva matriz para registrar la experiencia consolidada de los oferentes que contratan con el Estado en el sector de la infraestructura vial, en la empresa JOYCO S. A. S Seguridad a un ojo de distancia Sistema de radio sobre fibra para la transmisión de imágenes Estructuras en guadua (quiosco) y bambú (yurta)* Análisis de la utilización de fibras de guadua como refuerzo del concreto Laboratorios con simulación y con equipo real en la enseñanza de redes de computadoras en el nivel universitario Análisis bibliométrico de la correlación existente entre los tópicos de “identificadores de radiofrecuencia” y “gestión de cadena de suministros” como caso de estudio II. Ciencias de la Salud Presencia en manos y conocimiento de Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positivo en estudiantes de áreas de la salud IV. Educación y Humanidades Del refugio de la virtualidad a la exposición del contacto real Conclusione

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN