Três décadas de produções de livros didáticos na Capital baiana: uma análise da abordagem de conteúdos algébricos

Neste artigo apresentamos a análise de alguns conteúdos algébricos abordados nos primeiros volumes das coleções Matemática Moderna e Matemática, produzidas na capital baiana. Para a escrita desta história, consideramos os estudos de Alain Choppin que tratam o livro didático como uma fonte importante para pesquisas históricas e Roger Chartier que considera relevante compreender as diversas formas pelas quais um mesmo texto pode ser interpretado por seus leitores. A coleção Matemática Moderna foi escrita nos anos finais da década de 1960, no auge do movimento modernizador do ensino da Matemática escolar. E, a coleção Matemática começou a ser produzida a partir da segunda metade da década de 1970, e teve várias reedições, quando a reformulação dos programas escolares para a Matemática passou a receber críticas. A partir da análise dos livros didáticos dessas coleções, foi possível compreender que para a escrita da primeira coleção os autores utilizaram a linguagem dos conjuntos e apresentaram, com muita ênfase, estruturas algébricas como monoide, grupo, anel e corpo. Uma grande mudança pôde ser percebida quando os autores escreveram a coleção Matemática, que foi organizada em fichas de estudo e utilizava uma linguagem mais acessível ao aluno

Mathematics Education: reflections on some emerging or constant themes in the research field

This report proposes to share some of the discussions held during the Fundamentals and Tendencies of Research in Mathematics Education classes in the period 2023.1. The course was taken as a doctoral student in the doctoral course of the Graduate Program in Scientific Education and Teacher Training (PPGECFP) at the State University of Southwest Bahia, Jequié campus. From the experiences lived during the classes, I made several reflections on some emerging or constant themes in the field of Mathematics Education, they are: In this text I reported on the following themes: The teaching of mathematics; Historical development and importance of research in Mathematics Education and its implications for Mathematics teaching; Creative Insubordination; Psychology of Mathematics Education; Equity and Mathematics Education. Just as I learned and developed as a teacher and researcher in Mathematics Education, I hope that this text will motivate readers to discover new references and expand their perceptions about mediation processes of construction of mathematical knowledge in the different stages and modalities of teaching.Este relato se propõe a compartilhar algumas das discussões realizadas durante as aulas da disciplina Fundamentos e Tendências da Pesquisa em Educação Matemática no primeiro semestre de 2023. A disciplina foi cursada como estudante de doutorado pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Científica e Formação de Professores (PPGECFP) da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, campus Jequié. A partir das experiências vivenciadas durante as aulas, realizei diversas reflexões sobre algumas temáticas emergentes ou constantes do campo da Educação Matemática, são elas: O ensino de matemática; Desenvolvimento histórico e importância da pesquisa em Educação Matemática e suas implicações para o ensino da Matemática; Insubordinação Criativa; Psicologia da Educação Matemática; Equidade e Educação Matemática. Assim como aprendi e me desenvolvi enquanto professor da educação básica e pesquisador em formação da Educação Matemática, espero que este texto sirva de motivação para que leitores conheçam novas referências e possam ampliar suas percepções sobre processos de mediação de construções de conhecimentos matemáticos nas diversas etapas e modalidades de ensino

SABERES PROFISSIONAIS PARA O ENSINO DE ÁLGEBRA NO CURSO GINASIAL: : UMA ANÁLISE EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS PRODUZIDOS NA BAHIA (1960-1970)

Neste artigo, procurou-se compreender os saberes profissionais para ensinar conteúdos algébricos propostos nas coleções Matemática Moderna e Matemática, que eram destinadas ao curso ginasial. A primeira foi escrita entre os anos finais da década de 1960 e, a segunda, no decorrer da década de 1970, por uma equipe de professores que atuava em escolas voltadas ao ensino secundário baiano e, também, na universidade. A análise foi realizada considerando as formulações de autores que discutem os saberes profissionais do professor que ensina matemática. A comparação realizada evidenciou que a abordagem de conteúdos algébricos na segunda coleção passou a ser realizada por meio de questões mais apropriadas à faixa etária dos alunos do curso ginasial, com orientações aos professores para conduzir seus alunos à descoberta de novos conceitos. Em um diálogo com os professores, os autores admitiram que essa forma de proceder deveria ser privilegiada, apesar de que nem sempre conseguiram evidenciar essas orientações na escrita do livro didático, fazendo uso, em diversos momentos, da simples exposição dos conteúdos algébricos. &nbsp

Association between prolonged corticosteroids use in COVID-19 and increased mortality in hospitalized patients : a retrospective study with inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of early use of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to compare hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received short-course corticosteroid treatment with those who received prolonged-course corticosteroid treatment to determine whether prolonged use of corticosteroids improves clinical outcomes, including mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including adult patients with positive testing for Sars-CoV-2 hospitalized for more than 10 days. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the duration of treatment with corticosteroids: a short-course (10 days) and a prolonged-course (longer than 10 days) group. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was used to evaluate whether prolonged use of corticosteroids improved outcomes. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital infection and the association of different doses of corticosteroids with hospital mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the nonlinear association between mortality and dose and duration of corticosteroids use. Results: We enrolled 1,539 patients with COVID-19. Among them, 1127 received corticosteroids for more than 10 days (prolonged-course group). The in-hospital mortality was higher in patients that received prolonged course corticosteroids (39.5% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). The IPTW revealed that prolonged use of corticosteroids significantly increased mortality [relative risk (RR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.24-1.89]. In comparison to short course treatment, the cubic spline analysis showed an inverted U-shaped curve for mortality, with the highest risk associated with the prolonged use at 30 days (RR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.21-1.78). Conclusions: Prolonged course of treatment with corticosteroids in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was associated with higher mortality

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

SABERES PROFISSIONAIS PARA O ENSINO DE ÁLGEBRA NO CURSO GINASIAL: : UMA ANÁLISE EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS PRODUZIDOS NA BAHIA (1960-1970)

Neste artigo, procurou-se compreender os saberes profissionais para ensinar conteúdos algébricos propostos nas coleções Matemática Moderna e Matemática, que eram destinadas ao curso ginasial. A primeira foi escrita entre os anos finais da década de 1960 e, a segunda, no decorrer da década de 1970, por uma equipe de professores que atuava em escolas voltadas ao ensino secundário baiano e, também, na universidade. A análise foi realizada considerando as formulações de autores que discutem os saberes profissionais do professor que ensina matemática. A comparação realizada evidenciou que a abordagem de conteúdos algébricos na segunda coleção passou a ser realizada por meio de questões mais apropriadas à faixa etária dos alunos do curso ginasial, com orientações aos professores para conduzir seus alunos à descoberta de novos conceitos. Em um diálogo com os professores, os autores admitiram que essa forma de proceder deveria ser privilegiada, apesar de que nem sempre conseguiram evidenciar essas orientações na escrita do livro didático, fazendo uso, em diversos momentos, da simples exposição dos conteúdos algébricos. &nbsp

A&ccedil;a&iacute; (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Damage in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

A&ccedil;a&iacute; (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) juice is rich in phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. It has been observed that the use of antioxidants may be an additional strategy to nonsurgical periodontal therapy as well as to prevent alveolar bone loss. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a&ccedil;a&iacute; supplementation on experimental periodontitis in rats. Twenty male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) rats were assigned into control, a&ccedil;a&iacute;, experimental periodontitis, and experimental periodontitis with a&ccedil;a&iacute; supplementation groups. Periodontitis was induced by placing ligatures around the lower first molars. Animals in the a&ccedil;a&iacute; groups received 0.01 mL/g of clarified a&ccedil;a&iacute; juice for 14 days by intragastric gavage. At the end of the experimental period, blood was collected to assess the reduced glutathione (GSH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels. Moreover, hemimandibles were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for alveolar bone loss and bone quality. A&ccedil;a&iacute; supplementation increased blood total antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation. It also reduced alveolar bone loss when compared to the experimental periodontitis group. Moreover, clarified a&ccedil;a&iacute; per se modulated the oxidative biochemistry and bone microstructure. Thus, a&ccedil;a&iacute; may be considered a viable alternative for managing periodontal oxidative stress and preventing alveolar bone loss

Statistical analysis plan for a cluster-randomized crossover trial comparing the effectiveness and safety of a flexible family visitation model for delirium prevention in adult intensive care units (the ICU Visits Study)

Abstract Background Most adult intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide adopt restrictive family visitation models (RFVMs). However, evidence, mostly from non-randomized studies, suggests that flexible adult ICU visiting hours are safe policies that can result in benefits such as prevention of delirium and increase in satisfaction with care. Accordingly, the ICU Visits Study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of a flexible family visitation model (FFVM) vs. an RFVM on delirium prevention among ICU patients, and also to analyze its potential effects on family members and ICU professionals. Methods/design The ICU Visits Study is a cluster-randomized crossover trial which compares an FFVM (12 consecutive ICU visiting hours per day) with an RFVM (< 4.5 ICU visiting hours per day) in 40 Brazilian adult ICUs. Participant ICUs are randomly assigned to either an FFVM or RFVM in a 1:1 ratio. After enrollment and follow-up of 25 patients, each ICU is crossed over to the other visitation model, until 25 more patients per site are enrolled and followed. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of delirium measured by the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Secondary and tertiary outcomes include relevant measures of effectiveness and safety of ICU visiting policies among patients, family members, and ICU professionals. Herein, we describe all primary statistical procedures that will be used to evaluate the results and perform exploratory and sensitivity analyses of this study. This pre-specified statistical analysis plan was written and submitted without knowledge of the study data. Discussion This a priori statistical analysis plan aims to enhance the transparency of our study, facilitating unbiased analyses of ICU visit study data, and provide guidance for statistical analysis for groups conducting studies in the same field. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02932358. Registered on 11 October 2016

Effect of flexible family visitation on delirium among patients in the Intensive Care Unit: the ICU visits randomized clinical trial

Fernando Augusto Bozza. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta a informação no documento.Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Moinhos de Vento (HMV), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Rosa, D. B. da Silva, Eugênio, Haack, Medeiros, Tonietto, Teixeira); Research Projects Office, HMV, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Rosa, Falavigna, D. B. da Silva, Sganzerla, Santos, Kochhann, de Moura, Eugênio, Haack, Barbosa, Robinson, Schneider, de Oliveira, Jeffman, Medeiros, Hammes); Brazilian Research in Intensive Care Network (BRICNet), São Paulo, São Paulo (Rosa, Cavalcanti, Machado, Azevedo, Salluh, Nobre, Bozza, Teixeira); HCor Research Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Cavalcanti); Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Machado); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Azevedo); Department of Critical Care, Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Salluh, Mesquita, Bozza); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Pellegrini, Moraes); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Foernges); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Santa Rita, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Torelly); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil (Ayres, Duarte); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital do Câncer de Cascavel, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil (Duarte); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (Lovato); Intensive Care Unit, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil (Sampaio); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Geral Clériston Andrade, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil (de Oliveira Júnior); Intensive Care Unit, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São João Del Rei, São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Paranhos); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Regional Doutor Deoclécio Marques de Lucena, Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Dantas, de Brito); Intensive Care Unit, Fundação Hospital Adriano Jorge, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Paulo); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Agamenon Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil (Gallindo); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital da Cidade, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Pilau); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Mãe de Deus, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Valentim); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Urgências de Goiânia, Goiânia, Goiânia, Brazil (Meira Teles); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Nobre); Intensive Care Unit, Pavilhão Pereira Filho, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Birriel); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Regional do Baixo Amazonas, Santarém, Pará, Brazil (Corrêa e Castro); Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Specht); School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (N. B. da Silva); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Korte); Unit of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale dei Bambini—ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (Giannini); Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Bozza).Submitted by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-09-11T14:37:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Rosa_Regis_etal_INI_2019.pdf: 616825 bytes, checksum: 2aae5be305137324e272a08cc32e9270 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-09-11T14:52:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Rosa_Regis_etal_INI_2019.pdf: 616825 bytes, checksum: 2aae5be305137324e272a08cc32e9270 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-11T14:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Rosa_Regis_etal_INI_2019.pdf: 616825 bytes, checksum: 2aae5be305137324e272a08cc32e9270 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Múltipla - Ver em Notas.IMPORTANCE: The effects of intensive care unit (ICU) visiting hours remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a flexible family visitation policy in the ICU reduces the incidence of delirium. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cluster-crossover randomized clinical trial involving patients, family members, and clinicians from 36 adult ICUs with restricted visiting hours (<4.5 hours per day) in Brazil. Participants were recruited from April 2017 to June 2018, with follow-up until July 2018. INTERVENTIONS: Flexible visitation (up to 12 hours per day) supported by family education (n = 837 patients, 652 family members, and 435 clinicians) or usual restricted visitation (median, 1.5 hours per day; n = 848 patients, 643 family members, and 391 clinicians). Nineteen ICUs started with flexible visitation, and 17 started with restricted visitation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome was incidence of delirium during ICU stay, assessed using the CAM-ICU. Secondary outcomes included ICU-acquired infections for patients; symptoms of anxiety and depression assessed using the HADS (range, 0 [best] to 21 [worst]) for family members; and burnout for ICU staff (Maslach Burnout Inventory). RESULTS: Among 1685 patients, 1295 family members, and 826 clinicians enrolled, 1685 patients (100%) (mean age, 58.5 years; 47.2% women), 1060 family members (81.8%) (mean age, 45.2 years; 70.3% women), and 737 clinicians (89.2%) (mean age, 35.5 years; 72.9% women) completed the trial. The mean daily duration of visits was significantly higher with flexible visitation (4.8 vs 1.4 hours; adjusted difference, 3.4 hours [95% CI, 2.8 to 3.9]; P < .001). The incidence of delirium during ICU stay was not significantly different between flexible and restricted visitation (18.9% vs 20.1%; adjusted difference, −1.7% [95% CI, −6.1% to 2.7%]; P = .44). Among 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 6 did not differ significantly between flexible and restricted visitation, including ICU-acquired infections (3.7% vs 4.5%; adjusted difference, −0.8% [95% CI, −2.1% to 1.0%]; P = .38) and staff burnout (22.0% vs 24.8%; adjusted difference, −3.8% [95% CI, −4.8% to 12.5%]; P = .36). For family members, median anxiety (6.0 vs 7.0; adjusted difference, −1.6 [95% CI, −2.3 to −0.9]; P < .001) and depression scores (4.0 vs 5.0; adjusted difference, −1.2 [95% CI, −2.0 to −0.4]; P = .003) were significantly better with flexible visitation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients in the ICU, a flexible family visitation policy, vs standard restricted visiting hours, did not significantly reduce the incidence of delirium