Revisiting the impact of consumption growth and inequality on poverty in Indonesia during decentralisation

This paper analyses the consumption growth elasticity and inequality elasticity of poverty in Indonesia with a particular focus on the decentralisation period. Using provincial panel data, the paper finds that there were more pronounced effects of income inequality on regional poverty rates during later development periods up to decentralisation in Indonesia post-2002. This indicates that the pro-poor impact of economic growth using mean consumption per capita as a proxy of economic growth during decentralisation (a reduction of around 5.7 percentage points in the headcount poverty rate) has been offset to a greater extent by rising income inequality (up from 0.329 in 2002 to 0.380 in 2010) and by the stronger negative impact of inequality on regional poverty rates. In combination, the stronger negative impact of rising inequality has contributed to an increase of around 1.9 percentage points in the headcount poverty rate

Does part-time work at school impact on going to university?

Combining school study with part-time or casual work is an increasing trend for Australian high school students. For some, it is a way of earning some extra cash and having a bit of freedom from their parents, or it is an opportunity to get some experience in an occupation they are interested in. This paper looks at the impact that working while studying has on students’ intentions to go to university as well as their actual enrolments. The authors use data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) 1998 cohort to observe the work and study patterns of young people over a period of time. The paper confirms the findings of other research: that students are more likely to combine study and work as they progress through their school years, with over half of students working in Year 12. The study also found that girls are more inclined to combine study and work, but boys tend to work more intensively than girls. Combining some work with study does not change the likelihood of enrolling in university, but working intensively - more than 15 hours per week - does reduce the chances of going to university, especially for girls. This paper adds new detail to what is emerging quite clearly: that some part-time work for full-time students is fine, but long hours do impact on academic progress

POTENCIAL ESCÉNICO DE LA RESERVA NATURAL CERRO DATANLÍ-EL DIABLO EN JINOTEGA, CON FINES ECO TURÍSTICOS

El estudio fue realizado en la RN Cerro Datanlí- El Diablo, Jinotega. El objetivo principal fue identificar sitios con potencial belleza escénica aun no considerados para la ejecución de actividades ecoturísticas que tiendan a mejorar la calidad de vida de sus pobladores locales a partir de la visita de turistas y nacionales. Los mejores atractivos naturales e infraestructura existente se homogenizaron mediante la consulta a lugareños y a través de la observación personal. La metodología se desarrolló en tres etapas: (1) Recolección de la información secundaria, selección y ubicación de la zona de estudio y de contactos (MARENA, PAGJINO, Líderes locales). (2) Giras de campo para llevar a cabo: el DRP auxiliado con tres herramientas participativas; la identificación de 22 sitios con potencial ecoturístico, 3 problemas principales que limitan su desarrollo, recorridos por 7 senderos ecológicos que facilitó la identificación de 17 sitios posibles como miradores de paisajes diversos y 5 sitios donde se pueden observar y escuchar cantar aves exóticas como el Quetzal; aplicación de encuestas a los pobladores locales (niños y jóvenes ambientalistas, mujeres y productores) con el fin de conocer su participación en actividades de protección, conservación y manejo de los recursos naturales. (3) Elaborar los mapas de los senderos a través del programa Arc View 3.2, se ubicaron los principales atractivos, propuestas de cambios en los recorridos basados en pendientes del terreno, análisis de visibilidad de miradores y según los atractivos principales en los  sendero. La información facilitó incluir el diseño de un modelo de infraestructura en los senderos (gradas, miradores y puentes) para el tráfico de visitantes y la elaboración de tres propuestas de paquetes turísticos que contienen información básica de los recursos naturales existentes en la reserva natural. Palabras clave: Atractivos naturales, calidad de vida, Diagnóstico Rural Participativo, ecoturismo, encuestas, miradores de senderos, paquetes turísticos, potencial belleza escénica, Sistema de Posicionamiento Global GPS

smokeSALUD: exploring the effect of demographic change on the smoking prevalence at municipality level in Austria

Background: Reducing the smoking population is still high on the policy agenda, as smoking leads to many preventable diseases, such as lung cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and more. In Austria, data on smoking prevalence only exists at the federal state level. This provides an interesting overview about the current health situation, but for regional planning authorities these data are often insufficient as they can hide pockets of high and low smoking prevalence in certain municipalities. Methods: This paper presents a spatial-temporal change of estimated smokers for municipalities from 2001 and 2011. A synthetic dataset of smokers is built by combining individual large-scale survey data and small area census data using a deterministic spatial microsimulation approach. Statistical analysis, including chi-square test and binary logistic regression, are applied to find the best variables 24 for the simulation model and to validate its results. Results: As no easy-to-use spatial microsimulation software for non-programmers is available yet, a flexible web-based spatial microsimulation application for health decision support (called simSALUD) has been developed and used for these analyses. The results of the simulation show in general a decrease of smoking prevalence within municipalities between 2001 and 2011 and 29 differences within areas are identified. These results are especially valuable to policy decision makers for future planning strategies. Conclusions: This case study shows the application of smokeSALUD to model the spatial-temporal changes in the smoking population in Austria between 2001 and 2011. This is important as no data on smoking exists at this geographical scale (municipality). However, spatial microsimulation models are useful tools to estimate small area health data and to overcome these problems. The simulations and analysis should support health decision makers to identify hot spots of smokers and this should 36 help to show where to spend health resources best in order to reduce health inequalities

Profiling of Genes Related to Cross Protection and Competition for NbTOM1 by HLSV and TMV

10.1371/journal.pone.0073725PLoS ONE89-POLN

Evaluation of an eHealth intervention aiming to promote healthy food habits from infancy -the Norwegian randomized controlled trial Early Food for Future Health

Confirmatory factor analysis for the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire; factor loadings for all items and Cronbach alpha scores for each factor structure. (PDF 210 kb