Aristotle's Peculiarly Human Psychology

For Aristotle, human cognition has a lot in common both with non-human animal cognition and with divine cognition. With non-human animals, humans share a non-rational part of the soul and non-rational cognitive faculties (DA 427b6–14, NE 1102b29 and EE 1219b24–6). With gods, humans share a rational part of the soul and rational cognitive faculties (NE 1177b17– 1178a8). The rational part and the non-rational part of the soul, however, coexist and cooperate only in human souls (NE 1102b26–9, EE 1219b28–31). In this chapter, I show that a study of this cooperation helps to uncover some distinctive aspects of human cognition and desire

Psychology as a natural science in the eighteenth century

Psychology considered as a natural science began as Aristotelian "physics" or "natural philosophy" of the soul. C. Wolff placed psychology under metaphysics, coordinate with cosmology. Scottish thinkers placed it within moral philosophy, but distinguished its "physical" laws from properly moral laws (for guiding conduct). Several Germans sought to establish an autonomous empirical psychology as a branch of natural science. British and French visual theorists developed mathematically precise theories of size and distance perception; they created instruments to test these theories and to measure visual phenomena such as the duration of visual impressions. These investigators typically were dualists who included mental phenomena within nature

Observationes consilia et leges practicae

autore: Otto Casmann Scholae Stadensis olim rectoreFiktiver Druckort "Arctopoli" = Ber

Othonis Casmanni || SOMATOLO-||GIA, PHYSICA || GENERALIS,|| Seu || COMMENTATIONVM || Disceptationum[que] Physicarum || SYNDROMVS PROBLEMATICVS. I.|| De NATVRALIVM Corporum in genere Es-||SENTIA, & QVALITATIBVS PHYSI-||CIS, tum manifestis tum occultis,|| ... ||

Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: FRANCOFVRTI || Apud M. Zachariam Palthenium,|| In consortio Ionae Rhodii.|| ANNO CHRISTI M.D.IIC.|