Why Australia used the KAFTA as a Catalyst for Forming an FTA with Japan and China

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :사회과학대학 정치외교학부(외교학전공),2019. 8. 박종희.Whilst the Korea Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) may be hailed as one of the strongest and most complementary economic agreements of its time, there are some anomalies when one examines Australia and South Koreas motivations behind forming the agreement. The corresponding proliferation of regional FTAs has thus far been understood to result from two broad motivations: a desire to advance trade liberalisation beyond World Trade Organisation (WTO) disciplines for economic gains; and/or the use of FTAs to improve resource and/or territorial security. This paper seeks to use the example of the Korea Australian Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) to further the rationalist argument made by Mansfield and Milner (2012) that democratic leaders also use the formation of such trade agreements for domestic political gain.본 논문은 한국-호주 자유 무역 협정(KAFTA, Korea Australia Free Trade Agreement)의 체결 동기를 연구하는 것이다. 한국-호주 자유 무역 협정(KAFTA)은 당시 가장 강력하고 보완적인 경제 협정 중 하나로 받아들여지는 반면에 협상 구성에 대해서는 호주와 한국의 동기를 검토할 때 몇 가지 예외가 있다. 지금까지 FTA는 두 가지 폭 넓은 진실한 동기에서 비롯된 것으로 이해되었다. 첫번째는 경제적 이익을 위한 무역 자유화를 진전시키고자 하는 욕구다. 두번째는 자원 및 영토 보안을 개선하기 위해 FTA를 사용하는 것이다. 이 논문은 에드워드 맨스필드 (Edward Mansfield)와 헬렌 밀너 (Helen Milner)의 합리적인 주장을 뒷받침하기 위해 한국-호주 자유 무역 협정(KAFTA)를 활용하고자 한다. 이 주장은 민주적 지도자들이 국내 정치 이득을 위한 무역 협정의 형성을 사용한다는 주장이다.Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Introduction Research Question Argument and Method Literature Review Empirical Analysis of Free Trade KAFTA for Australia (Catalyst) What is the KAFTA? Analysis of Economic Effects of the KAFTA. JAEPA and ChAFTA Domestic Benefits of the KAFTA Conclusion Bibliography Appendix Abstract in Korean (국문 요약)Maste

Does effective school leadership improve student progression and test scores? Evidence from a field experiment in malawi

Evidence from high-income countries suggests that the quality of school leadership has measurable impacts on teacher behaviors and student learning achievement. However, there is a lack of rigorous evidence in low-income contexts, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study tests the impact on student progression and test scores of a two-year, multi-phase intervention to strengthen leadership skills for head teachers, deputy head teachers, and sub-district education officials. The intervention consists of two phases of classroom training along with follow-up visits, implemented over two years. It focuses on skills related to making more efficient use of resources; motivating and incentivizing teachers to improve performance; and curating a culture in which students and teachers are all motivated to strengthen learning. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 1,198 schools in all districts of Malawi, providing evidence of the impact of the intervention at scale. The findings show that the intervention improved student test scores by 0.1 standard deviations, equivalent to around eight weeks of additional learning, as well as improving progression rates. The outcomes were achieved primarily as a result of improvements in the provision of remedial classes

Photograph of Mary Ann Casley

Photograph of Mary Ann Casley

Preoperative assessment enables the early diagnosis and successful treatment of lymphedema.

BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer (BC)-related lymphedema (LE) ranges from 7% to 47%. Successful management of LE relies on early diagnosis using sensitive measurement techniques. In the current study, the authors demonstrated the effectiveness of a surveillance program that included preoperative limb volume measurement and interval postoperative follow-up to detect and treat subclinical LE. METHODS LE was identified in 43 of 196 women who participated in a prospective BC morbidity trial. Limb volume was measured preoperatively and at 3-month intervals after surgery. If an increase >3% in upper limb (UL) volume developed compared with the preoperative volume, then a diagnosis of LE was made, and a compression garment intervention was prescribed for 4 weeks. Upon reduction of LE, garment wear was continued only during strenuous activity, with symptoms of heaviness, or with visible swelling. Women returned to the 3-month interval surveillance pathway. Statistical analysis was a repeated-measures analysis of variance by time and limb ( P ≤ .001) comparing the LE cohort with an age-matched control group. RESULTS The time to onset of LE averaged 6.9 months postoperatively. The mean (±standard deviation) affected limb volume increase was 83 mL (±119 mL; 6.5% ± 9.9%) at LE onset ( P = .005) compared with baseline. After the intervention, a statistically significant mean 48 mL (±103 mL; 4.1% ± 8.8%) volume decrease was realized ( P < .0001). The mean duration of the intervention was 4.4 weeks (±2.9 weeks). Volume reduction was maintained at an average follow-up of 4.8 months (±4.1 months) after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS A short trial of compression garments effectively treated subclinical LE. Cancer 2008. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60215/1/23494_ftp.pd

Teaching strategies for enhancing employability skills in learners

This twenty-minute presentation will outline an Ako Aotearoa Regional Hub funded collaborative research project undertaken by a dozen educational developers from seven Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics (ITPs). The project team sought to identify ‘where and how’ excellent teachers in their ITPs currently enhance their learners’ skills for employability, life-long learning and contributing to society. The Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) and other stakeholders seek evidence of the effectiveness of programmes of study in preparing graduates for industry. Inspired by Australian research on university preparation for employability, the project team wondered how it might assist teachers in New Zealand ITPs to design teaching and learning strategies for embedding skills that enhance employability

BACE1 activity impairs neuronal glucose oxidation:rescue by beta-hydroxybutyrate and lipoic acid

Glucose hypometabolism and impaired mitochondrial function in neurons have been suggested to play early and perhaps causative roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Activity of the aspartic acid protease, beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), responsible for beta amyloid peptide generation, has recently been demonstrated to modify glucose metabolism. We therefore examined, using a human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line, whether increased BACE1 activity is responsible for a reduction in cellular glucose metabolism. Overexpression of active BACE1, but not a protease-dead mutant BACE1, protein in SH-SY5Y cells reduced glucose oxidation and the basal oxygen consumption rate, which was associated with a compensatory increase in glycolysis. Increased BACE1 activity had no effect on the mitochondrial electron transfer process but was found to diminish substrate delivery to the mitochondria by inhibition of key mitochondrial decarboxylation reaction enzymes. This BACE1 activity-dependent deficit in glucose oxidation was alleviated by the presence of beta hydroxybutyrate or &alpha;-lipoic acid. Consequently our data indicate that raised cellular BACE1 activity drives reduced glucose oxidation in a human neuronal cell line through impairments in the activity of specific tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. Because this bioenergetic deficit is recoverable by neutraceutical compounds we suggest that such agents, perhaps in conjunction with BACE1 inhibitors, may be an effective therapeutic strategy in the early-stage management or treatment of AD