Krylov's solver based technique for the cascade connection of multiple n-port multimodal scattering matrices

“© 2013 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”In this paper, a novel technique for cascading generalized scattering matrices based on a Krylov's iterative solver is presented. This new technique is fully general, since it can be applied to solve the connection of an arbitrary number of networks, each one with an arbitrary number of ports, and it is easy to implement. This technique is able to compute, not only the modal spectra at the free ports of the global network, but also the modal spectra at the connected ports, so that the field inside the full network can be computed for an arbitrary incidence. In addition, this technique can also be used to evaluate the scattering parameters of the global network.Belenguer Martínez, Á.; Díaz Caballero, E.; Esteban González, H.; Lucas Borja, A.; Cascon Lopez, J. (2013). Krylov's solver based technique for the cascade connection of multiple n-port multimodal scattering matrices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 61(2):720-726. doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2231696S72072661

Highly efficient heterogeneous modal superposition method for the full-wave analysis of arbitrarily shaped H-plane structures fed through rectangular waveguides

This paper is a preprint of a paper submitted to IET Microwaves Antennas and Propagation and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. If accepted, the copy of record will be available at IET Digital LibraryA new fully modal characterisation procedure is proposed to reduce the number of unknowns needed to characterise the ports of an arbitrary H-plane device in rectangular waveguide, so that no equivalent currents will be involved in the characterisation of the ports. Moreover, since no currents are needed to characterise the ports, the weights of the scattered modes can be unknowns of the resulting system of equations. This is an important fact, since, to find the wanted modal weights, a subsequent projection step is not necessary anymore. The new method is then advantageous when compared to other hybrid alternatives in the literature, not only because the ports are solved using fewer unknowns, which is the main advantage of the proposal, but also because the scattering parameters can be computed directly, once the system of equations is posed.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spanish Government, under Research Project TEC2007-67630-C03-01 and by the Autonomous Government of Castilla-La Mancha under Research Project PPII10-0047-0220.Belenguer Martínez, Á.; Esteban González, H.; Boria Esbert, VE.; Lucas Borja, A.; Cascón López, J. (2011). Highly efficient heterogeneous modal superposition method for the full-wave analysis of arbitrarily shaped H-plane structures fed through rectangular waveguides. IET Microwaves Antennas and Propagation. 5(7):747-755. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2010.0297S74775557Thiele, G., & Newhouse, T. (1975). A hybrid technique for combining moment methods with the geometrical theory of diffraction. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 23(1), 62-69. doi:10.1109/tap.1975.1141004Burnside, W.D., and Pathak, P.H.: ‘A summary of hybrid solutions involving moment methods and GTD’, Strait, B.J., Applications of the method of moments to electromagnetic fields, (SCEEE Press, St. Cloud, FL 1980), p. 629–636Theron, I. P., Davidson, D. B., & Jakobus, U. (2000). Extensions to the hybrid method of moments/uniform GTD formulation for sources located close to a smooth convex surface. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 48(6), 940-945. doi:10.1109/8.865227Dong-Ho Han, Polycarpou, A. C., & Balanis, C. A. (2002). Hybrid analysis of reflector antennas including higher order interactions and blockage effects. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 50(11), 1514-1524. doi:10.1109/tap.2002.803952Tiberi, G., Rosace, S., Monorchio, A., Manara, G., & Mittra, R. (2003). Electromagnetic scattering from large faceted conducting bodies by using analytically derived characteristic basis functions. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2, 290-293. doi:10.1109/lawp.2003.822203Belenguer, A., Esteban, H., Boria, V. E., Bachiller, C., & Morro, J. V. (2010). Hybrid Mode Matching and Method of Moments Method for the Full-Wave Analysis of Arbitrarily Shaped Structures Fed Through Canonical Waveguides Using Only Electric Currents. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 58(3), 537-544. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2010.2040353Wu, X. H., & Kishk, A. A. (2008). Hybrid of Method of Moments and Cylindrical Eigenfunction Expansion to Study Substrate Integrated Waveguide Circuits. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 56(10), 2270-2276. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2008.2004255Balanis, C.A.: ‘Antenna theory: analysis and design’, 2nd(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 1997)Clemmow, P.C.: ‘The plane wave spectrum representation of electromagnetic fields’, (IEEE Press/OUP 1996),ser. IEEE Press/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave TheoryHarrington, R.F.: ‘Field computation by moment methods’, (IEEE Press/OUP 1993),ser. IEEE Press/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave TheoryMorro, J. V., Esteban, H., Boria, V. E., Bachiller, C., & Belenguer, A. (2008). Optimization techniques for the efficient design of low-cost satellite filters considering new light materials. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 18(2), 168-175. doi:10.1002/mmce.20264Marcuvitz, N.: ‘Waveguide handbook’, (IEE Electromagnetic Wave Series 21, London 1986)Peterson, A.F., Ray, S.L., and Mittra, R.: ‘Computational methods for electromagnetics’, (IEEE Press/OUP 1997),ser. IEEE Press/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave TheoryBachiller, C., Gonzalez, H. E., Esbert, V. E. B., Martinez, A. B., & Morro, J. V. (2007). Efficient Technique for the Cascade Connection of Multiple Two-Port Scattering Matrices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 55(9), 1880-1886. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2007.90407

Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Modal Superposition Method for the Full-Wave Analysis of Arbitrarily Shaped H-Plane Structures Fed through Rectangular Waveguides

A new fully modal characterisation procedure is proposed to reduce the number of unknowns needed to characterise the ports of an arbitrary H-plane device in rectangular waveguide, so that no equivalent currents will be involved in the characterisation of the ports. Moreover, since no currents are needed to characterise the ports, the weights of the scattered modes can be unknowns of the resulting system of equations. This is an important fact, since, to find the wanted modal weights, a subsequent projection step is not necessary anymore. The new method is then advantageous when compared to other hybrid alternatives in the literature, not only because the ports are solved using fewer unknowns, which is the main advantage of the proposal, but also because the scattering parameters can be computed directly, once the system of equations is posed

Krylov’s Solver Based Technique for the Cascade Connection of Multiple N-Port Multimodal Scattering Matrices

In this paper a novel technique for cascading generalized scattering matrices based on a Krylov’s iterative solver is presented. This new technique is fully general, since it can be applied to solve the connection of an arbitrary number of networks, each one with an arbitrary number of ports, and it is easy to implement. This technique is able to compute, not only the modal spectra at the free ports of the global network, but also the modal spectra at the connected ports, so that the field inside the full network can be computed for an arbitrary incidence. In addition, this technique can also be used to evaluate the scattering parameters of the global network

Broadband Equivalent Circuit Model for a Coplanar Waveguide Line Loaded with Split Ring Resonators

A new equivalent circuit for a coplanar waveguide loaded with split ring resonators is presented. The traditional circuits that model these devices are only able to characterize the left-handed propagation band, and their response is very similar to the real one within a very limited bandwidth. In contrast, this proposed broadband equivalent circuit is able to portray not only the left-handed propagation band, but also the right-handed one that occurs at higher frequencies. Besides, the response of this kind of basic cells can be adjusted with the proposed circuit model in a bandwidth close to a decade.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spanish Goverment, under Research Projects TEC2010-21520-C04-03 and -01, and by the Autonomous Government of Castilla-La Mancha under Research Projects PPII10-0047-0220 and PPII10-0027-1277.Sanz, V.; Belenguer Martínez, Á.; Lucas Borja, A.; Cascón López, J.; Esteban González, H.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2012). Broadband Equivalent Circuit Model for a Coplanar Waveguide Line Loaded with Split Ring Resonators. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2012:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/613518S162012Baena, J. D., Bonache, J., Martin, F., Sillero, R. M., Falcone, F., Lopetegi, T., … Sorolla, M. (2005). Equivalent-circuit models for split-ring resonators and complementary split-ring resonators coupled to planar transmission lines. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 53(4), 1451-1461. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2005.845211Borja, A. L., Carbonell, J., Boria, V. E., & Lippens, D. (2008). Symmetrical frequency response in a split ring resonator based transmission line. Applied Physics Letters, 93(20), 203505. doi:10.1063/1.3025625Borja, A. L., Carbonell, J., Boria, V. E., & Lippens, D. (2009). Highly selective left-handed transmission line loaded with split ring resonators and wires. Applied Physics Letters, 94(14), 143503. doi:10.1063/1.3116647Martı́n, F., Bonache, J., Falcone, F., Sorolla, M., & Marqués, R. (2003). Split ring resonator-based left-handed coplanar waveguide. Applied Physics Letters, 83(22), 4652-4654. doi:10.1063/1.1631392Aznar, F., Bonache, J., & Martín, F. (2008). Improved circuit model for left-handed lines loaded with split ring resonators. Applied Physics Letters, 92(4), 043512. doi:10.1063/1.2839600Roglá, L. J., Carbonell, J., & Boria, V. E. (2007). Study of equivalent circuits for open-ring and split-ring resonators in coplanar waveguide technology. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 1(1), 170. doi:10.1049/iet-map:20050340Borja, A. L., Carbonell, J., Boria, V. E., Cascon, J., & Lippens, D. (2010). A 2% Bandwidth C-Band Filter Using Cascaded Split Ring Resonators. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 9, 256-259. doi:10.1109/lawp.2010.2046711Gil, M., Bonache, J., Garcia-Garcia, J., Martel, J., & Martin, F. (2007). Composite Right/Left-Handed Metamaterial Transmission Lines Based on Complementary Split-Rings Resonators and Their Applications to Very Wideband and Compact Filter Design. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 55(6), 1296-1304. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2007.897755Shamonin, M., Shamonina, E., Kalinin, V., & Solymar, L. (2004). Resonant frequencies of a split-ring resonator: Analytical solutions and numerical simulations. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 44(2), 133-136. doi:10.1002/mop.2056

A nationwide monitoring of atmospheric microplastic deposition

8 Pág.Plastic production continues to increase every year, yet it is widely acknowledged that a significant portion of this material ends up in ecosystems as microplastics (MPs). Among all the environmental compartments affected by MPs, the atmosphere remains the least well-known. Here, we conducted a one-year simultaneous monitoring of atmospheric MPs deposition in ten urban areas, each with different population sizes, economic activities, and climates. The objective was to assess the role of the atmosphere in the fate of MPs by conducting a nationwide quantification of atmospheric MP deposition. To achieve this, we deployed collectors in ten different urban areas across continental Spain and the Canary Islands. We implemented a systematic sampling methodology with rigorous quality control/quality assurance, along with particle-oriented identification and quantification of anthropogenic particle deposition, which included MPs and industrially processed natural fibres. Among the sampled MPs, polyester fibres were the most abundant, followed by acrylic polymers, polypropylene, and alkyd resins. Their equivalent sizes ranged from 22 μm to 398 μm, with a median value of 71 μm. The particle size distribution of MPs showed fewer large particles than expected from a three-dimensional fractal fragmentation pattern, which was attributed to the higher mobility of small particles, especially fibres. The atmospheric deposition rate of MPs ranged from 5.6 to 78.6 MPs m-2 day-1, with the higher values observed in densely populated areas such as Barcelona and Madrid. Additionally, we detected natural polymers, mostly cellulosic fibres with evidence of industrial processing, with a deposition rate ranging from 6.4 to 58.6 particles m-2 day-1. There was a positive correlation was found between the population of the study area and the median of atmospheric MP deposition, supporting the hypothesis that urban areas act as sources of atmospheric MPs. Our study presents a systematic methodology for monitoring atmospheric MP deposition.The authors acknowledge the support provided by Spanish Network of Plastics in the Environment, EnviroPlaNet (www.enviroplanet.net) and the financial support provided by the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, grants PID2020-113769RB-C21/C22. The authors would like to thank the Interdepartmental Investigation Research Service of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (SIDI-UAM and Segainvex) for the use of their infrastructures and their technical support. J.G.S. thanks ACIISI for the contract from the Viera y Clavijo program at the University of La Laguna (85 % co-financed by the European Social Fund).Peer reviewe

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Estudio y análisis de medidas de posicionamiento GPS a partir de la Estación de Referencia ubicada en la Escuela Politécnica de Cuenca

Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el trabajo de investigación que se realizó durante 3 años en la Escuela Politécnica de Cuenca y cuyo objetivo principal se centró en la mejora de precisión de los datos que se obtenían mediante sistemas de posicionamiento GPS. Para esta mejora se utilizaron datos tomados de un GPS monofrecuencia y su análisis se realizó gracias a las correcciones obtenidas de una estación de referencia permanente instalada en el propio Campus de Cuenca

A Reconfigurable Passive UHF Reader Loop Antenna for Near-Field and Far-Field RFID Applications

This letter presents a passive UHF printed loop antenna with left-handed loading. The RFID reader antenna can work at near- and far-field operation within the European UHF (865-868 MHz) band. The operation frequency and radiation properties can be modified by employing varactor diodes. Also, the antenna can work in the near-field region having a flat magnetic distribution in the interrogation zone. A comparative study with other passive RFID reader conventional antennas shows that the left-handed loop achieves stronger near Hfield with good impedance matching. Design details, simulated results and a fabricated prototype are presented. The concept significantly extends the design degrees of freedom for RFID antennas

Dual Composite Right-/Left-Handed Coplanar Waveguide Transmission Line Using Inductively Connected Split-Ring Resonators

In this paper, a simple geometrical modification of the well-known split-ring resonator (SRR) topology is proposed. This modification consists of joining the opposite sides of the rings by means of an inductive connection. Due to this modification, it is possible to synthesize a dual composite right-/left-handed artificial transmission line from a host coplanar waveguide (CPW). In addition, it is quite straightforward to synthesize a dual balanced line showing a wider transmission bandwidth (around 13% for 3 GHz and 8% for 6 GHz) with this new SRR geometry. In fact, in order to design a balanced line, one must just modify the inductance of the direct connection between the rings, which can be derived from the equivalent circuit of this new ring, which is also presented in this paper. The final result is a balanced artificial CPW transmission line with a dual composite right-/left-handed behavior. In this case, the right-handed transmission band is placed below the left-handed one, and there is no frequency separation between both transmission bands. © 1963-2012 IEEE.This work was supported in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spanish Goverment, under Research Projects TEC2010-21520-C04-03 and TEC2010-21520-C04-01 and by the Autonomous Government of Castilla-La Mancha under Research Projects PPII10-0047-0220 and PPII10-0027-1277.Belenguer Martínez, Á.; Cascón López, J.; Lucas Borja, A.; Esteban González, H.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2012). Dual Composite Right-/Left-Handed Coplanar Waveguide Transmission Line Using Inductively Connected Split-Ring Resonators. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 60(10):3035-3042. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2210438S30353042601