Mapping lichen distribution on the Antarctic Peninsula using remote sensing, lichen spectra and photographic documentation by citizen scientists

On the Antarctic Peninsula, lichens are the most diverse botanical component of the terrestrial ecosystem. However, detailed information on the distribution of lichens on the Antarctic Peninsula region is scarce, and the data available exhibit significant heterogeneity in sampling frequency and effort. Satellite remote sensing, in particular the use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), has facilitated determination of vegetation richness and cover distribution in some remote and otherwise inaccessible environments. However, it is known that using NDVI for the detection of vegetation can overlook the presence of lichens even if their land cover is extensive. We tested the use of known spectra of lichens in a matched filtering technique for the detection and mapping of lichen-covered land from remote sensing imagery on the Antarctic Peninsula, using data on lichen presence collected by citizen scientists and other non-specialists as ground truthing. Our results confirm that the use of this approach allows for the detection of lichen flora on the Antarctic Peninsula, showing an improvement over the use of NDVI alone for the mapping of flora in this are

Plan de cuidados de enfermería estandarizado en neonatos con displasia broncopulmonar

Una de las secuelas del nacimiento prematuro es la displasia broncopulmonar (DBP). Esta es una forma de enfermedad pulmonar crónica que provoca una interrupción en el desarrollo pulmonar y una limitación en la función respiratoria, de origen multifactorial y se asocia a una elevada morbilidad y a una mortalidad del 1.4%. El diagnóstico de DBP se efectúa si durante un período superior a 28 días el neonato ha precisado una FiO2>21% en su tratamiento. Los signos y síntomas de esta patología son dificultad respiratoria, estertores bronquiales y sibilancias. El tratamiento está basado en una correcta oxigenación mediante oxigenoterapia, fármacos fundamentalmente esteroides, broncodilatadores y diuréticos con un adecuado soporte nutricional. El objetivo es diseñar un plan de cuidados de Enfermería Estandarizado con la finalidad de realizar una atención integral al paciente neonato con displasia broncopulmonar.<br /

Efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms of different locations: data from the SEPTRALU study

Neuroendocrine tumor; Radionuclide therapyTumor neuroendocrí; Teràpia amb radionúclidsTumor neuroendocrino; Terapia con radionúclidosBackground Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Nevertheless, its role in certain tumor sites remains unclear. This study sought to elucidate the efficacy and safety of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in NENs with different locations and evaluate the effect of the tumor origin, bearing in mind other prognostic variables. Advanced NENs overexpressing somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on functional imaging, of any grade or location, treated at 24 centers were enrolled. The protocol consisted of four cycles of 177Lu-DOTATATE 7.4 GBq iv every 8 weeks (NCT04949282). Results The sample comprised 522 subjects with pancreatic (35%), midgut (28%), bronchopulmonary (11%), pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma (PPGL) (6%), other gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) (11%), and other non-gastroenteropancreatic (NGEP) (9%) NENs. The best RECIST 1.1 responses were complete response, 0.7%; partial response, 33.2%; stable disease, 52.1%; and tumor progression, 14%, with activity conditioned by the tumor subtype, but with benefit in all strata. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 31.3 months (95% CI, 25.7–not reached [NR]) in midgut, 30.6 months (14.4-NR) in PPGL, 24.3 months (18.0-NR) in other GEP, 20.5 months (11.8-NR) in other NGEP, 19.8 months (16.8–28.1) in pancreatic, and 17.6 months (14.4–33.1) in bronchopulmonary NENs. [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE exhibited scant severe toxicity. Conclusion This study confirms the efficacy and safety of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in a wide range of SSTR-expressing NENs, regardless of location, with clinical benefit and superimposable survival outcomes between pNENs and other GEP and NGEP tumor subtypes different from midgut NENs.The SEPTRALU registry received external funding from Novartis

Uso de atmósfera controlada y 1-MCP en kiwis ´Hayward´ producidos en Argentina: efectos sobre la maduración

Se estudió el efecto del uso de la atmósfera controlada (AC), 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) y su combinación, sobre la maduración del kiwi ‘Hayward’. Frutos cosechados con 16,6% de materia seca y 9% de sólidos solubles totales (SST) fueron enfriados y tratados con 1000 ppb de 1-MCP (SmartFresh) durante 24h o permanecieron sin tratar con 1-MCP (controles). Posteriormente, frutas controles y tratadas con 1-MCP fueron almacenadas en cámara de frío convencional (FC, 0 °C y 90% HR) o en cámara de atmósfera controlada (AC, 2% O2 y 5% CO2, 0 °C; 90% HR) durante 5 meses (5m). Al finalizar, muestras de todas las combinaciones de tratamiento permanecieron durante un mes adicional en FC (5m + 1m). A la cosecha, a los 5m y 5m + 1m y después de la poscámara (7 días a 20 °C) se midieron el índice de color (en base a L*, a*, b* de CIE) y la firmeza de la pulpa (N), el SST (%) y la acidez titulable (AT, %). También se evaluó la dureza de columela al final de la poscámara, mediante análisis sensorial. Los tratamientos afectaron fundamentalmente la firmeza de la pulpa y de la columela. Los frutos almacenados en AC resultaron significativamente más firmes que los almacenados en FC, tanto a los 5m como a los 5m + 1m, evidenciando el efecto residual de dicha tecnología. Igual resultado se encontró para dureza de columela. El uso de 1-MCP en combinación con la AC también mostró un efecto sinérgico sobre la firmeza a los 5m + 1m, permitiendo prolongar el período de almacenamiento de los frutos.The effect of the use of controlled atmosphere (CA), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and their combination on the ripening of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits was studied. Fruits harvested with 16.6% dry matter and 9% of total soluble solids (TSS) were cooled and treated with 1000 ppb of 1-MCP (SmartFresh) for 24 hours or remained untreated (controls). Untreated and 1-MCP-treated fruits were kept at cold storage (CS, 0 °C and 90% RH) or at controlled atmosphere storage (CA, 2% O2 and 5% CO2, 0 °C and 90% RH) for 5 months (5m). Subsequently, samples from all treatment combinations remained for an additional month at CS (5m + 1m). At harvest, 5m and 5m+1m and shelf-life (7 days at 20 °C), color index (based on L*, a*, b* of CIE) and flesh firmness (N), TSS (%) and titratable acidity (TA, %) were measured. Hard core was also evaluated by sensory analysis at shelf-life. Treatments mainly affected the flesh firmness and hard core. Fruits stored in CA were significantly firmer than those stored in CS, both at 5m and 5m+1m, showing the residual effect of this technology. The same result was found for hard core. The use of 1-MCP in combination with CA also showed a synergistic effect on flesh firmness at 5m + 1m, prolonging the storage period of the fruits.Fil: Yommi, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Melucci, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Casanovas, Mabel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Quillehauquy, Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Borrajo, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Fasciglione, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Controlled atmosphere storage and 1-MCP of Hayward kiwifruits grown in Argentina: effects on ripening

Se estudió el efecto del uso de la atmósfera controlada (AC), 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) y su combinación, sobre la maduración del kiwi ‘Hayward’. Frutos cosechados con 16,6% de materia seca y 9% de sólidos solubles totales (SST) fueron enfriados y tratados con 1000 ppb de 1-MCP (SmartFresh) durante 24h o permanecieron sin tratar con 1-MCP (controles). Posteriormente, frutas controles y tratadas con 1-MCP fueron almacenadas en cámara de frío convencional (FC, 0 °C y 90% HR) o en cámara de atmósfera controlada (AC, 2% O2 y 5% CO2, 0 °C; 90% HR) durante 5 meses (5m). Al finalizar, muestras de todas las combinaciones de tratamiento permanecieron durante un mes adicional en FC (5m + 1m). A la cosecha, a los 5m y 5m + 1m y después de la poscámara (7 días a 20 °C) se midieron el índice de color (en base a L*, a*, b* de CIE) y la firmeza de la pulpa (N), el SST (%) y la acidez titulable (AT, %). También se evaluó la dureza de columela al final de la poscámara, mediante análisis sensorial. Los tratamientos afectaron fundamentalmente la firmeza de la pulpa y de la columela. Los frutos almacenados en AC resultaron significativamente más firmes que los almacenados en FC, tanto a los 5m como a los 5m + 1m, evidenciando el efecto residual de dicha tecnología. Igual resultado se encontró para dureza de columela. El uso de 1-MCP en combinación con la AC también mostró un efecto sinérgico sobre la firmeza a los 5m + 1m, permitiendo prolongar el período de almacenamiento de los frutos.The effect of the use of controlled atmosphere (CA), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and their combination on the ripening of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits was studied. Fruits harvested with 16.6% dry matter and 9% of total soluble solids (TSS) were cooled and treated with 1000 ppb of 1-MCP (SmartFresh) for 24 hours or remained untreated (controls). Untreated and 1-MCP-treated fruits were kept at cold storage (CS, 0 °C and 90% RH) or at controlled atmosphere storage (CA, 2% O2 and 5% CO2, 0 °C and 90% RH) for 5 months (5m). Subsequently, samples from all treatment combinations remained for an additional month at CS (5m + 1m). At harvest, 5m and 5m+1m and shelf-life (7 days at 20 °C), color index (based on L*, a*, b* of CIE) and flesh firmness (N), TSS (%) and titratable acidity (TA, %) were measured. Hard core was also evaluated by sensory analysis at shelf-life. Treatments mainly affected the flesh firmness and hard core. Fruits stored in CA were significantly firmer than those stored in CS, both at 5m and 5m+1m, showing the residual effect of this technology. The same result was found for hard core. The use of 1-MCP in combination with CA also showed a synergistic effect on flesh firmness at 5m + 1m, prolonging the storage period of the fruits.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Bacterial Mucosal Immunotherapy with MV130 Prevents Recurrent Wheezing in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

The authors thank the patients and their families for participating in this study. They are grateful to the members of the David Sancho laboratory, especially to Carlos del Fresno, for helpful critical discussion.Rationale: Recurrent wheezing in children represents a severe public health concern. Wheezing attacks (WA), mainly associated with viral infections, lack effective preventive therapies. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mucosal sublingual immunotherapy based on whole inactivated bacteria (MV130) in preventing WA in children. Methods: A Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial including a cohort of 120 children <3 years old with ⩾3 WA during the previous year was conducted. Children with a positive skin test to common aeroallergens in the area where the clinical trial was performed were excluded from the trial. Subjects received MV130 or placebo daily for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the number of WA within 1 year after the first dose comparing MV130 and placebo. Measurements and Main Results: There was a significant lower number of WA in MV130 versus the placebo group, 3.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.0-4.0) versus 5.0 (IQR, 3.0-7.0) (P < 0.001). As secondary outcomes, a decrease in the duration of WA and a reduction in symptoms and medication scores in the MV130 versus placebo group were found. No adverse events were reported related to the active treatment. Conclusions: Mucosal bacterial immunotherapy with MV130 shows safety and clinical efficacy against recurrent WA in children.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01734811).S

Socioeconomic Status and Distance to Reference Centers for Complex Cancer Diseases: A Source of Health Inequalities? A Population Cohort Study Based on Catalonia (Spain)

The centralization of complex surgical procedures for cancer in Catalonia may have led to geographical and socioeconomic inequities. In this population-based cohort study, we assessed the impacts of these two factors on 5-year survival and quality of care in patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer (2011-12) and pancreatic cancer (2012-15) in public centers, adjusting for age, comorbidity, and tumor stage. We used data on the geographical distance between the patients' homes and their reference centers, clinical patient and treatment data, income category, and data from the patients' district hospitals. A composite 'textbook outcome' was created from five subindicators of hospitalization. We included 646 cases of pancreatic cancer (12 centers) and 1416 of rectal cancer (26 centers). Distance had no impact on survival for pancreatic cancer patients and was not related to worse survival in rectal cancer. Compared to patients with medium-high income, the risk of death was higher in low-income patients with pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio (HR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.86) and very-low-income patients with rectal cancer (HR 5.14, 95% CI 3.51-7.52). Centralization was not associated with worse health outcomes in geographically dispersed patients, including for survival. However, income level remained a significant determinant of survival

Millora de l’atenció al càncer de recte a Catalunya en el període 2005-2016

Càncer de recte; Atenció; IndicadorsCáncer de recto; Atención; IndicadoresRectal cancer; Attention; IndicatorsL’objectiu d’aquest informe és el d’analitzar l’evolució de l’atenció al càncer de recte al llarg del període cobert per les tres auditories bianuals efectuades (2005-7, 2011-12 i 2015-16)

Trained immunity induction by the inactivated mucosal vaccine MV130 protects against experimental viral respiratory infections.

MV130 is an inactivated polybacterial mucosal vaccine that confers protection to patients against recurrent respiratory infections, including those of viral etiology. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we find that intranasal prophylaxis with MV130 modulates the lung immune landscape and provides long-term heterologous protection against viral respiratory infections in mice. Intranasal administration of MV130 provides protection against systemic candidiasis in wild-type and Rag1-deficient mice lacking functional lymphocytes, indicative of innate immune-mediated protection. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of trained immunity with metformin abrogates the protection conferred by MV130 against influenza A virus respiratory infection. MV130 induces reprogramming of both mouse bone marrow progenitor cells and in vitro human monocytes, promoting an enhanced cytokine production that relies on a metabolic shift. Our results unveil that the mucosal administration of a fully inactivated bacterial vaccine provides protection against viral infections by a mechanism associated with the induction of trained immunity.We are grateful to members of the D.S. laboratory for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. We thank the CNIC facilities and personnel for assistance. P.B. is funded by grant BES-2014-069933 (‘‘Ayudas para Contratos Predoctorales para la Formacio´ n de Doctores 2014’’) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO). L.C. was a recipient of a European Respiratory Society Fellowship (RESPIRE2-2013- 3708). G.D. is supported by a European Molecular Biology Organization Long-term Fellowship (ALTF 379-2019). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk1odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 892965. Work in the D.S. laboratory is funded by the CNIC; by the European Research Council (ERC-2016-consolidator grant 725091); by the European Commission (635122-PROCROP H2020); by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio´ n (MICINN), Agencia Estatal de Investigacio´ n (AEI), and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (SAF2016-79040-R); by AEI (PID2019-108157RB); by Comunidad de Madrid (B2017/BMD-3733 Immunothercan-CM); by FIS-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER (RD16/0015/0018-REEM); by a collaboration agreement with Inmunotek; by Atresmedia (Constantes y Vitales prize); by Fundacio´ La Marato´ de TV3 (201723); and by Fondo Solidario Juntos (Banco Santander). The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the MICINN, and the Pro CNIC Foundation.S