Influence of endocrine disrupting chemicals on adipogénesis

Indexación: Scopus; Scielo.A raíz del incremento a nivel mundial de la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad tanto en adultos como en niños, con consecuencias en la salud pública, la obesidad se ha convertido en un blanco de estudio de diferentes grupos de investigación, lo que a su vez involucra el entendimiento del proceso de adipogénesis. El proceso de diferenciación de adipocitos es complejo e incluye varios pasos altamente regulados que inducen al fenotipo característico de adipocito maduro, proceso promovido por la activación de los reguladores maestros de las familias de PPARƳ y C/EBPs. La adipogénesis es afectada por diversos factores que incluyen el estado nutricional, mecanismos fisiológicos y también por factores ambientales. Por otra parte, se ha propuesto que diversos contaminantes ambientales, especialmente aquellos con actividades disruptivas endocrinas, están emergiendo como nuevos factores de riesgo para desarrollar obesidad. Químicos disruptores endocrinos son sustancias ambientales que presentan actividad biológica cuyo blanco es la alteración de la función del sistema endocrino, influyendo también en la regulación fisiológica del tejido adiposo. En la presente revisión se expondrán los diferentes disruptores endocrinos a los cuales se les ha comprobado experimentalmente que influyen en la regulación del proceso de adipogénesis.http://www.revistaavft.com/images/revistas/2018/avft_1_2018/influencia_disruptores_endocrinos.pd

New molecular approaches in adipogenesis regulation: The connexin 43 role

Indexación: Scopus; Redalyc.La prevalencia de la obesidad a nivel mundial se ha incrementado rápidamente durante los últimos años debido principalmente a los cambios en el estilo de vida de la población con un aumento significativo en el consumo de energía y disminución de los niveles de actividad física. Es por esto que la comunidad científica está interesada en comprender de forma más profunda los mecanismos que regulan la fisiopatología de la obesidad. Dentro de los diferentes blancos de estudio se encuentra la adipogénesis, cuyo entendimiento es fundamental para comprender el desarrollo de la obesidad y las patologías asociadas a esta. Recientemente ha surgido importantes evidencias que involucran a la proteína de canales de “Gap Junction” conexina 43 (Cx43) en la regulación de los procesos relacionados con adipogénesis, cuyo papel es básicamente anti-adipogénico, sin embargo, nuevas funciones de Cx43 en la regulación de la formación del tejido adiposo siguen descubriéndose.The global prevalence of obesity has been increased rapidly over the past few years mainly due to changes in the lifestyle of the population with a significant increase in energy consumption and decreased levels of physical activity. As a result, the scientific community is interested in a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the pathophysiology of obesity. In this context, adipogenesis process is an important target of study to understand the obesity and associated pathologies. Recently has been emerged important evidence that involve gap junction channel protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in the regulation of processes related to adipogenesis, whose role is fundamentally anti-adipogenic. However, new functions of Cx43 in the regulation of adipose tissue function also continued to emerge.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800

FTO gene: Historic background and its relationship with chronic-degenerative diseases

Indexación: Scopus; Latindex.Alteraciones en el desarrollo de la atención y la organización conductual pueden configurar cuadros clínicos como el trastorno déficit de atención (TDA) que puede estar acompañado o no de hiperactividad (TDAH), este último parece tener una relación directa con otros diagnósticos de tipo endocrino como la obesidad. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación que existe entre el TDAH y la obesidad. Es por ello que se realiza una revisión sistemática de estudios científicos revelando relaciones y diferencias entre ambos trastornos desde una mirada fisiológica, cognoscitiva y comportamental. Se concluye que la relación entre el TDAH y la obesidad se da por factores genéticos, por variaciones dopaminérgicas, cambios en patrones de sueño, desajustes emocionales y por alteraciones en la regulación de la conducta; igualmente influyen factores sociales relacionados con el cuidado en el embarazo y la alimentación de las mujeres antes y durante la gestación.http://www.revhipertension.com/rlh_2_2018/5_fto_gene.pd

Investigating Predictors of Preserved Cognitive Function in Older Women Using Machine Learning: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

Background: Identification of factors that may help to preserve cognitive function in late life could elucidate mechanisms and facilitate interventions to improve the lives of millions of people. However, the large number of potential factors associated with cognitive function poses an analytical challenge. Objective: We used data from the longitudinal Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and machine learning to investigate 50 demographic, biomedical, behavioral, social, and psychological predictors of preserved cognitive function in later life. Methods: Participants in WHIMS and two consecutive follow up studies who were at least 80 years old and had at least one cognitive assessment following their 80th birthday were classified as cognitively preserved. Preserved cognitive function was defined as having a score ≥39 on the most recent administration of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSm) and a mean score across all assessments ≥39. Cognitively impaired participants were those adjudicated by experts to have probable dementia or at least two adjudications of mild cognitive impairment within the 14 years of follow-up and a last TICSm score < 31. Random Forests was used to rank the predictors of preserved cognitive function. Results: Discrimination between groups based on area under the curve was 0.80 (95%-CI-0.76-0.85). Women with preserved cognitive function were younger, better educated, and less forgetful, less depressed, and more optimistic at study enrollment. They also reported better physical function and less sleep disturbance, and had lower systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, and blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The predictors of preserved cognitive function include demographic, psychological, physical, metabolic, and vascular factors suggesting a complex mix of potential contributors

High resolution δ18O seasonality record in a French Eemian tufa stromatolite (Caours, Somme Basin)

International audienc

Particulate matter and episodic memory decline mediated by early neuroanatomic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease

Evidence suggests exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter &lt;2.5 μm (PM2.5) may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Whether PM2.5 alters brain structure and accelerates the preclinical neuropsychological processes remains unknown. Early decline of episodic memory is detectable in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine whether PM2.5 affects the episodic memory decline, and also explored the potential mediating role of increased neuroanatomic risk of Alzheimer's disease associated with exposure. Participants included older females (n = 998; aged 73-87) enrolled in both the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, with annual (1999-2010) episodic memory assessment by the California Verbal Learning Test, including measures of immediate free recall/new learning (List A Trials 1-3; List B) and delayed free recall (shortand long-delay), and up to two brain scans (MRI-1: 2005-06; MRI-2: 2009-10). Subjects were assigned Alzheimer's disease pattern similarity scores (a brain-MRI measured neuroanatomical risk for Alzheimer's disease), developed by supervised machine learning and validated with data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Based on residential histories and environmental data on air monitoring and simulated atmospheric chemistry, we used a spatiotemporal model to estimate 3-year average PM2.5 exposure preceding MRI-1. In multilevel structural equation models, PM2.5 was associated with greater declines in immediate recall and new learning, but no association was found with decline in delayed-recall or composite scores. For each interquartile increment (2.81 μg/m3) of PM2.5, the annual decline rate was significantly accelerated by 19.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9% to 36.2%] for Trials 1-3 and 14.8% (4.4% to 24.9%) for List B performance, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased Alzheimer's disease pattern similarity scores, which accounted for 22.6% (95% CI: 1% to 68.9%) and 10.7% (95% CI: 1.0% to 30.3%) of the total adverse PM2.5 effects on Trials 1-3 and List B, respectively. The observed associations remained after excluding incident cases of dementia and stroke during the follow-up, or further adjusting for small-vessel ischaemic disease volumes. Our findings illustrate the continuum of PM2.5 neurotoxicity that contributes to early decline of immediate free recall/new learning at the preclinical stage, which is mediated by progressive atrophy of grey matter indicative of increased Alzheimer's disease risk, independent of cerebrovascular damage

Flow cytometry for fast screening and automated risk assessment in systemic light-chain amyloidosis

Early diagnosis and risk stratification are key to improve outcomes in light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Here we used multidimensional-flow-cytometry (MFC) to characterize bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs) from a series of 166 patients including newly-diagnosed AL amyloidosis (N = 94), MGUS (N = 20) and multiple myeloma (MM, N = 52) vs. healthy adults (N = 30). MFC detected clonality in virtually all AL amyloidosis (99%) patients. Furthermore, we developed an automated risk-stratification system based on BMPCs features, with independent prognostic impact on progression-free and overall survival of AL amyloidosis patients (hazard ratio: ≥ 2.9;P ≤ .03). Simultaneous assessment of the clonal PCs immunophenotypic protein expression profile and the BM cellular composition, mapped AL amyloidosis in the crossroad between MGUS and MM; however, lack of homogenously-positive CD56 expression, reduction of B-cell precursors and a predominantly-clonal PC compartment in the absence of an MM-like tumor PC expansion, emerged as hallmarks of AL amyloidosis (ROC-AUC = 0.74;P < .001), and might potentially be used as biomarkers for the identification of MGUS and MM patients, who are candidates for monitoring pre-symptomatic organ damage related to AL amyloidosis. Altogether, this study addressed the need for consensus on how to use flow cytometry in AL amyloidosis, and proposes a standardized MFC-based automated risk classification ready for implementation in clinical practice

Radical prostatectomy after vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with TOOKAD® : feasibility, early and intermediate results

Purpose: Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy with TOOKAD® is a new therapeutic option for localized prostate cancer management. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of radical prostatectomy after vascular targeted photodynamic therapy and describe functional and oncologic outcomes. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included in study 45 patients who underwent salvage radical prostatectomy after vascular targeted photodynamic therapy for recurrent prostate cancer at a total of 14 surgical centers in Europe between October 2008 and March 2017. Of the 42 radical prostatectomies performed 16 were robot-assisted, 6 were laparoscopic and 20 were open surgery. Primary end points were morbidity and technical difficulties. Secondary end points were early and intermediate postoperative functional and oncologic outcomes. Results: Median operative time was 180 minutes (IQR 150-223). Median blood loss was 200 ml (IQR 155-363). According to the surgeons the surgery was easy in 29 patients (69%) and difficult in 13 (31%). Nerve sparing was feasible in 14 patients (33%). Five postoperative complications (12%) were found, including 2 Clavien I, 2 Clavien II and 1 Clavien IIIB complications. Of the cases 13 (31%) were pT3 and 21 (50%) were pT2c. Surgical margins were positive in 13 patients (31%). Prostate specific antigen was undetectable at 6 to 12 months in 37 patients (88%). Nine patients underwent complementary radiotherapy. Four patients had final prostate specific antigen greater than 0.2 ng/ml at a median followup of 23 months (IQR 12-36). At 1 year 27 patients (64%) were completely continent (no pads) and 10 (24%) had low incontinence (1 pad). Four patients (11%) recovered potency without treatment and 23 (64%) recovered potency with appropriate treatment. Conclusions: Salvage radical prostatectomy after vascular targeted photodynamic therapy treatment was feasible and safe without difficulty for most of the surgeons