Helmintofauna de Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758 (Carnivora: Mustelidae) en la península Ibérica

Abstract not availabl

Desarrollo histórico de la especialidad Ortodoncia en Sancti Spíritus

Fundamento: En la provincia Sancti Spíritus se constató la ausencia de evidencias documentales de la historia de la especialidad Ortodoncia, por lo que es necesario un estudio para rescatar información que contribuya al patrimonio científico cubano en ciencias de la salud, asimismo para la formación del potencial humano actual y futuro. Objetivo: Describir el desarrollo histórico de la especialidad Ortodoncia en la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con el uso de métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y empíricos: entrevista y análisis documental, en el período comprendido entre 1980 y 2018. Resultados: Desde el surgimiento de la especialidad en la provincia hasta 1999 se crearon instalaciones de salud para realizar la atención de Ortodoncia en la localidad, lo que potencializado por la creación del grupo y el capítulo, permitió la formación de los primeros especialistas a pesar de las limitaciones materiales. En un segundo momento hasta la actualidad se perfeccionó el plan de estudios, se extendieron los servicios a todos los municipios y se incrementó la producción científica (reconocimientos, premios, participación en eventos nacionales e internacionales y publicaciones). Conclusiones: La especialidad ha tenido un desarrollo progresivo en la provincia en la medida que se ha fortalecido el claustro de profesores, con una formación estable del capital humano que cubre las necesidades de atención de la población en el territorio y con resultados científico-técnicos que avalan su alto nivel actual. La descripción de su evolución histórica permite perfeccionar la formación de las futuras generaciones y profundizar en otras temáticas como la gestión de la calidad

The curriculum, the professional competences of the teacher: a challenge of pedagogical and medical careers

Introduction: evaluation as a component of the teaching-learning process has been of interest in all pedagogical approaches, outstanding itself in the roots of the teaching-learning process, and as part of Didactics as a science along with the theories of program of study, as it is a necessary component for its design, implementation and control. Objective: to establish the dimensions and indicators for the evaluation of the didactic competence of professors in the implementation of the program of study in the pedagogical campus at Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca University and Pinar del Río University of Medical Sciences, Pinar del Río province.  Development: the professor achieves a quality of performance when the professional competencies are integrated, within which the didactic competences are highlighted as an integration center, bifurcating the support and concurrence relationships as well, allowing the dynamics and the role of them. The insufficiencies concerning the guidance of the processes, which were identified from the observation of the curricular activities, interviews and documentary analysis, concerning the implementation of the program of study, revealed as one of the causes that limit the objectivity in the assessment of professor’s performance, a characteristic demanding the establishment of dimensions and indicators that allow an objective and dynamic assessment of the didactic competence of professors  for the implementation of the program of study.   Conclusions: taking into account the cognitive-affective and motivational unit from the education at work, which integrates the training components, and involves the pedagogical campus of both universities in Pinar del Río province. Its implementation allowed directing of a more efficient process

El currículo, las competencias profesionales del docente: un reto de las carreras pedagógicas y médicas

Introduction: evaluation as a component of the teaching-learning process has been of interest in all pedagogical approaches, outstanding itself in the roots of the teaching-learning process, and as part of Didactics as a science along with the theories of program of study, as it is a necessary component for its design, implementation and control.Objective: to establish the dimensions and indicators for the evaluation of the didactic competence of professors in the implementation of the program of study in the pedagogical campus at Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca University and Pinar del Río University of Medical Sciences, Pinar del Río province. Development: the professor achieves a quality of performance when the professional competencies are integrated, within which the didactic competences are highlighted as an integration center, bifurcating the support and concurrence relationships as well, allowing the dynamics and the role of them. The insufficiencies concerning the guidance of the processes, which were identified from the observation of the curricular activities, interviews and documentary analysis, concerning the implementation of the program of study, revealed as one of the causes that limit the objectivity in the assessment of professor’s performance, a characteristic demanding the establishment of dimensions and indicators that allow an objective and dynamic assessment of the didactic competence of professors  for the implementation of the program of study.  Conclusions: taking into account the cognitive-affective and motivational unit from the education at work, which integrates the training components, and involves the pedagogical campus of both universities in Pinar del Río province. Its implementation allowed directing of a more efficient process.Introducción: la evaluación como componente del proceso educativo ha sido de interés en todos los enfoques pedagógicos, se manifiesta en las propias raíces de la educación y como parte de la Didáctica como ciencia y las teorías curriculares, al ser un componente necesario tanto en su diseño, ejecución y control.Objetivo: establecer dimensiones e indicadores para la evaluación de la competencia didáctica del docente en la implementación del currículo en el campus pedagógico en la Universidad Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca y la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, en la provincia Pinar del Río.Desarrollo: el docente alcanza un desempeño de calidad cuando logra integrar las competencias profesionales, donde se destaca la competencia didáctica como centro integrador, a partir de las cuales se bifurcan relaciones de cooperación y yuxtaposición que permiten la dinámica y funcionamiento de las mismas. Las insuficiencias en la dirección de los procesos, detectadas a partir de la observación a actividades curriculares, entrevistas y análisis documental, en cuanto a la implementación del currículo, reveló como una de las causas, poca objetividad en la evaluación del desempeño del docente, aspecto que demanda establecer dimensiones e indicadores que permitan una evaluación objetiva y dinámica de la competencia didáctica del docente en la implementación del currículo.Conclusiones: al tener en cuenta la unidad cognitivo-afectivo y motivacional desde la educación en el trabajo, que integra los componentes de la formación, en el que se involucra el campus pedagógico de ambas Universidades en Pinar del Río y su implementación, permitió direccionar un proceso más eficient

FAIM-L regulation of XIAP degradation modulates Synaptic Long-Term Depression and Axon Degeneration

Caspases have recently emerged as key regulators of axonal pruning and degeneration and of long-term depression (LTD), a long-lasting form of synaptic plasticity. However, the mechanism underlying these functions remains unclear. In this context, XIAP has been shown to modulate these processes. The neuron-specific form of FAIM protein (FAIM-L) is a death receptor antagonist that stabilizes XIAP protein levels, thus preventing death receptor-induced neuronal apoptosis. Here we show that FAIM-L modulates synaptic transmission, prevents chemical-LTD induction in hippocampal neurons, and thwarts axon degeneration after nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal. Additionally, we demonstrate that the participation of FAIM-L in these two processes is dependent on its capacity to stabilize XIAP protein levels. Our data reveal FAIM-L as a regulator of axonal degeneration and synaptic plasticity

Fruit composition profile of pepper, tomato and eggplant varieties grown under uniform conditions

[EN] The study of the diversity within and between major Solanaceae crops (pepper, tomato, eggplant) is of interest for the selection and development of balanced diets. We have measured thirty-six major fruit composition traits, encompassing sugars, organic acids, antioxidants and minerals, in a set of 10 accessions per crop for pepper, tomato and eggplant, grown under the same cultivation conditions. The aim was to evaluate the diversity within species and to provide an accurate comparison of fruit composition among species by reducing to a minimum the environmental effect. Pepper, tomato and eggplant had a clearly distinct composition profile. Pepper showed the highest average content in total sugars and organic acids. Fructose and glucose were the major sugar compounds in the three species, although in pepper and tomato sucrose was present only in trace amounts. Citric acid was the major organic acid in pepper and tomato, while in eggplant it was malic acid. Pepper and eggplant had the highest total antioxidant activity. Vitamin C content was much higher in pepper than in tomato and eggplant, while eggplant accumulated high concentrations of chlorogenic acid. Furthermore, eggplant was the species with higher content in most minerals, particularly for K, Mg and Cu, while pepper was the richest in Fe. Due to their complementary nutritional profiles, a combined regular consumption of the three vegetables would supply more than 20% of the Dietary Reference Intake of several of the analysed phytochemicals. The large diversity within each species is of interest for selecting varieties with better nutritional and organoleptic profiles, as well as for breeding new cultivars.This work has been funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 677379 (Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Sola-naceous crops; G2PSOL) . Elena RosaMartinez is grateful to the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for a pre-doctoral grant (BES2016077482)Rosa-Martínez, E.; García-Martínez, MD.; Adalid-Martinez, AM.; Pereira-Días, L.; Casanova-Calancha, C.; Soler-Calabuig, E.; Figás-Moreno, MDR.... (2021). Fruit composition profile of pepper, tomato and eggplant varieties grown under uniform conditions. Food Research International. 147:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110531S11314

New insights in the Spanish gene pool of olive (Olea europaea L.) preserved ex situ and in situ based on high-throughput molecular markers

In Spain, several local studies have highlighted the likely presence of unknown olive cultivars distinct from the approximately 260 ones previously described in the literature. Furthermore, recent advancements in identification techniques have significantly enhanced in terms of efficacy and precision. This scenario motivated a new nationwide prospecting effort aimed at recovering and characterizing new cultivated germplasm using high-throughput molecular markers. In the present study, the use of 96 EST-SNP markers allowed the identification of a considerable amount of new material (173 new genotypes) coming from areas with low intensification of production in different regions of Spain. As a result, the number of distinct national genotypes documented in the World Olive Germplasm Bank of IFAPA, Córdoba (WOGBC-ESP046) increased to 427. Likewise, 65 and 24 new synonymy and homonymy cases were identified, respectively. This rise in the number of different national cultivars allowed to deepen the knowledge about the underlying genetic structure. The great genetic variability of Spanish germplasm was confirmed, and a new hot spot of diversity was identified in the northern regions of La Rioja and Aragon. Analysis of the genetic structure showed a clear separation between the germplasm of southern and northern-northeastern Spain and indicated a significantly higher level of admixture in the latter. Given the expansion of modern olive cultivation with only a few cultivars, this cryptic germplasm is in great danger of disappearing. This underlines the fact that maintaining as many cultivars as possible will increase the genetic variability of the olive gene pool to meet the future challenges of olive cultivation

Variation for Composition and Quality in a Collection of the Resilient Mediterranean 'de penjar' Long Shelf-Life Tomato Under High and Low N Fertilization Levels

[EN] The 'de penjar' tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a group of local varieties from the Spanish Mediterranean region carrying the alc mutation, which provides long shelf-life. Their evolution under low-input management practices has led to the selection of resilient genotypes to adverse conditions. Here we present the first evaluation on nutritional fruit composition of a collection of 44 varieties of 'de penjar' tomato under two N fertilization levels, provided by doses of manure equivalent to 162 kg N ha(-1) in the high N treatment and 49 kg N ha(-1) in the low N treatment. Twenty-seven fruit composition and quality traits, as well as plant yield and SPAD value, were evaluated. A large variation was observed, with lycopene being the composition trait with the highest relative range of variation (over 4-fold) under both N treatments, and significant differences among varieties were detected for all traits. While yield and most quality traits were not affected by the reduction in N fertilization, fruits from the low N treatment had, on average, higher values for hue (5.9%) and lower for fructose (-11.5%), glucose (-15.8%), and total sweetness index (-12.9%). In addition, lycopene and beta-carotene presented a strongly significant genotype x N input interaction. Local varieties had higher values than commercial varieties for traits related to the ratio of sweetness to acidity and for vitamin C, which reinforces the appreciation for their organoleptic and nutritional quality. Highest-yielding varieties under both conditions displayed wide variation in the composition and quality profiles, which may allow the selection of specific ideotypes with high quality under low N conditions. These results revealed the potential of 'de penjar' varieties as a genetic resource in breeding for low N inputs and improving the organoleptic and nutritional tomato fruit quality.This work has been funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 774244 (Breeding for resilient, efficient and sustainable organic vegetable production; BRESOV), by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion under grant agreement no. PCI2019-103375 (project SOLNUE in the framework of the H2020 call SusCrop-ERA-Net; ID#47), and by Generalitat Valenciana (Conselleria d'Innovacio, Universitats, Ciencia I Societat Digital) under grant agreement no. AICO/2020/042. ER-M is grateful to the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for a pre-doctoral grant (BES-2016-077482).Rosa-Martínez, E.; Adalid-Martinez, AM.; Alvarado, LE.; Burguet-Belda, R.; García-Martínez, MD.; Pereira-Días, L.; Casanova-Calancha, C.... (2021). Variation for Composition and Quality in a Collection of the Resilient Mediterranean 'de penjar' Long Shelf-Life Tomato Under High and Low N Fertilization Levels. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12:1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.6339571191

New GOLD classification: longitudinal data on group assignment

Rationale: Little is known about the longitudinal changes associated with using the 2013 update of the multidimensional GOLD strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To determine the COPD patient distribution of the new GOLD proposal and evaluate how this classification changes over one year compared with the previous GOLD staging based on spirometry only. Methods: We analyzed data from the CHAIN study, a multicenter observational Spanish cohort of COPD patients who are monitored annually. Categories were defined according to the proposed GOLD: FEV1%, mMRC dyspnea, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), and exacerbations-hospitalizations. One-year follow-up information was available for all variables except CCQ data. Results: At baseline, 828 stable COPD patients were evaluated. On the basis of mMRC dyspnea versus CAT, the patients were distributed as follows: 38.2% vs. 27.2% in group A, 17.6% vs. 28.3% in group B, 15.8% vs. 12.9% in group C, and 28.4% vs. 31.6% in group D. Information was available for 526 patients at one year: 64.2% of patients remained in the same group but groups C and D show different degrees of variability. The annual progression by group was mainly associated with one-year changes in CAT scores (RR, 1.138; 95%CI: 1.074-1.206) and BODE index values (RR, 2.012; 95%CI: 1.487-2.722). Conclusions: In the new GOLD grading classification, the type of tool used to determine the level of symptoms can substantially alter the group assignment. A change in category after one year was associated with longitudinal changes in the CAT and BODE index