Zoneamento Climático da Cana-de-Açúcar, da Laranja e do Algodão Herbáceo para a Região Nordeste do Brasil

The present study had as objective to carry through a climatic zoning of the Northeast Region of Brazil for sugar cane, orange and herbaceous cotton cultures. The choice of these cultures was made through the identification of factors as the production performance, the dissemination of the culture in the region, the potential market and the social importance. The results were gotten through analysis of the water balance and average, maximum and minimum temperatures for meteorological stations located in 23 cities in the region. Waterbalance, calculated for the method of Thornthwaite & Mather (1955), and temperature data were gotten through the Climatic Data base of Brazil (EMBRAPA, 2003). The cities have been classified in apt, restricted, restrictedinapt and inapt, in accordance with the climatic requirements of each culture.The majority of the cities presents water restrictions for the sugar cane and orange agriculture while two-thirds of these were considered apt for the herbaceous cotton culture

CONDIÇÕES METEOROLÓGICAS ASSOCIADAS COM A OCORRÊNCIA DE GEADAS NA SERRA DA MANTIQUEIRA

A Serra da Mantiqueira localiza-se na região sudeste do Brasil e, devido sua altitude, possui clima apto para cultivos como o café. Portanto, a ocorrência de geadas nessa região causa grandes danos econômicos. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a frequência dos episódios de geadas em quatro localidades da Serra da Mantiqueira e uma análise das condições atmosféricas propícias a esse fenômeno meteorológico. Dentre os quatro locais estudados, a maior frequência anual de geadas ocorre em Campos do Jordão (SP), com registro de 22 casos, sendo seguido de Maria da Fé (MG) com 12 casos por ano. A condição mais propícia aos eventos de geada está associada com a atuação do setor oeste do Anticiclone Subtropical do Atlântico Sul sobre o sudeste do Brasil. Esse sistema causa condições de céu claro, o que facilita o resfriamento da superfície por perda radiativa noturna

Assessment of the Wind Variability on the Large Tropical Aquatic Systems: Comparison Between WRF and BRAMS Models

Wind patterns are important in various fields of study such as pollutant dispersion, evapotranspiration, humidity, advection of heat, wind use etc. In hydroelectric reservoirs, the winds can be influenced by the surface energy balance. In this sense, meteorological data of a 10 m tower, installed on an island in the Furnas reservoir, Minas Gerais, and simulations with mesoscale meteorological models WRF and BRAMS were used to analyze wind variability. The representativeness of the models was verified from simulations for two periods under different synoptic conditions: the performance of an anticyclone and the passage of a frontal system. The results indicated that during the anticyclone operation the BRAMS was more efficient in simulating the intensity and direction of the winds, while the WRF represented better values of humidity and temperature. In the case of the frontal system, the WRF was efficient in representing all analyzed parameters, whereas BRAMS did not obtain good results for intensity and direction of the winds. The simulations showed that the relief in the reservoir region acts as a channeling agent of the winds and that the differential heating between the reservoir and the surrounding surface generates a temperature gradient and a lacustrine circulation

Evaluation of the meteorological conditions influence on the occurrence and maintenance of a multiday episode with high ozone concentrations over the metropolitan area of São Paulo

Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, a rede de monitoramento da qualidade do ar registra frequentemente valores de concentração de ozônio superiores aos estabelecidos pela legislação em vigor no Brasil. Em algumas ocasiões, condições meteorológicas favoráveis ao processo de formação de ozônio possibilitam a ocorrência de altas concentrações de ozônio durante diversos dias consecutivos na região. A influência de condições meteorológicas no episódio de poluição, registrado entre os dias de 24 de fevereiro e 05 de março de 2003, foi avaliada através de simulações numéricas com o modelo SPM-BRAMS. Estudos observacionais mostram que a ocorrência de ventos fracos, principalmente, durante o período noturno e durante as manhãs, favorece a formação de altas concentrações de ozônio sobre a região. O horário de entrada e a atuação da brisa marítima são fundamentais para o transporte do ozônio e de seus precursores. Essas condições foram bem simuladas pelo modelo. Para os dias mais críticos, quando diversas estações de monitoramento registraram a ocorrência de violações ao padrão nacional de qualidade do ar, o modelo simulou adequadamente as condições atmosféricas determinantes para a manutenção de valores elevados nas concentrações de ozônio, sem a necessidade de nenhum procedimento artificial ao longo das integrações

Particulate Matter Concentration Forecast Over the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo

Em virtude dos grandes males causados à saúde pela poluição nosgrandes centros urbanos, a utilização de modelos meteorológicos acopladosaos modelos químicos, resultando em modelos de previsão da qualidade doar, tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Exemplos dessetipo de utilização são os modelos WRF-CHEM, utilizado em vários paísesdo mundo, e SPM-BRAMS, recentemente desenvolvido por pesquisadoresda Universidade de São Paulo e do INPE e utilizado operacionalmente nolaboratório MASTER do IAG-USP. Embora o modelo seja utilizado para aprevisão das concentrações dos principais poluentes monitorados na região, neste trabalho são apresentadas comparações entre as concentraçõesde material particulado fino (PM2.5) previstas e aquelas derivadas das observações na rede da CETESB. O PM2.5 está relacionado aos efeitos deletériosà saúde e está sendo estudado o estabelecimento de um padrão de qualidadedo ar para esse poluente. Além da questão da relação com impactosnegativos à saúde, há também os impactos ao clima, já que as partículasfinas estão relacionadas com a formação de precipitação e extinção da radiação

estudos artísticos

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty.Ethics and disseminationThe IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberPROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).</jats:sec