UMA PROPOSTA DE TREINAMENTO DE HABILIDADES SOCIAIS EM SITUAÇÕES DE BULLYING NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR

This study presents a proposal of specific social skills training to avoid or control bullying situations in the school environment. The proposal was elaborated from a behavior analysis of people involved in bullying, according to the literature. The social skills training has already shown its effectiveness in several social interaction contexts and, in the bullying case, there is a great possibility of obtaining the same effectiveness, training specific social skills, such as assertive and empathic abilities. The school environment is conducive to the training of such skills, that’s why is important to develop other researches, intending to prove the effectiveness of training social skills for prevention and control of aggressive behavior observed in children and adolescents.Este estudio describe una propuesta de entrenamiento de algunas habilidades sociales específicas para evitar y/o controlar situaciones de bullying en el contexto escolar. La propuesta fue elaborada a partir del análisis de los principales comportamientos que presentan las personas involucradas en el bullying, según la literatura científica. Los estudios demuestran que el entrenamiento de habilidades sociales es efectivo en diversos contextos de interacción social y, en el caso del bullying, existe una gran posibilidad de obtener la misma efectividad, especialmente cuando se entrenan habilidades asertivas y empáticas. El entorno escolar es propicio para la formación de tales habilidades. Por lo tanto, es importante que se desarrollen más investigaciones para probar empíricamente la efectividad del entrenamiento en habilidades sociales como una forma de prevenir y controlar los comportamientos agresivos en niños y adolescentes.Este estudo descreve uma proposta de treinamento de algumas habilidades sociais específicas para evitar e/ou controlar as situações de bullying no contexto escolar. A proposta foi elaborada a partir da análise dos principais comportamentos que as pessoas envolvidas no bullying apresentam, segundo a literatura científica. Estudos mostram que o treinamento das habilidades sociais é eficaz em diversos contextos de interação social e, no caso do bullying, existe grande possibilidade de se obter a mesma eficácia, principalmente ao treinar habilidades assertivas e empáticas. O ambiente escolar é propício para o treinamento de tais habilidades. Assim, é importante que outras pesquisas sejam desenvolvidas para testar empiricamente a eficácia de treinamentos em habilidades sociais como forma de prevenção e controle de comportamentos agressivos em crianças e adolescentes.Este estudo descreve uma proposta de treinamento de algumas habilidades sociais específicas para evitar e/ou controlar as situações de bullying no contexto escolar. A proposta foi elaborada a partir da análise dos principais comportamentos que as pessoas envolvidas no bullying apresentam, segundo a literatura científica. Estudos mostram que o treinamento das habilidades sociais é eficaz em diversos contextos de interação social e, no caso do bullying, existe grande possibilidade de se obter a mesma eficácia, principalmente ao treinar habilidades assertivas e empáticas. O ambiente escolar é propício para o treinamento de tais habilidades. Assim, é importante que outras pesquisas sejam desenvolvidas para testar empiricamente a eficácia de treinamentos em habilidades sociais como forma de prevenção e controle de comportamentos agressivos em crianças e adolescentes

Oral and maxillofacial lesions in older individuals and associated factors : a retrospective analysis of cases retrieved in two different services

Studies on the oral and maxillofacial lesions (OMLs) in older people usually assess data of laboratory services and data from oral medicine clinic have been poorly described. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare OMLs in older individuals considering two data sources, besides to assess associated factors with the three most frequent lesions. A retrospective study was conducted with individuals aged 60 years or older. Data of individuals and lesions reported in both services were collected. Univariate analysis was used to test the association between the occurrence of the lesion and the independent variables. The level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 1,695 (37.3%) records were from the Oral Medicine clinic and 2,848 (62.7%) from the Laboratory service. Inflammatory/reactive lesion group was the most frequent in both services (40.4% in Oral Medicine Clinic and in 44.2% Laboratory). The second and third groups of lesions in the Oral Medicine clinic were infectious diseases (18.5%), and variations of normality (10.8%), while in the laboratorial service were the malignant neoplasms (17.6%) and potentially malignant disorders (13.3%). Differences between services regarding the frequency of lesion groups occurred (p<0.05), except for pigmented (p=0.054) and infectious (p=0.054) groups. Females (OR: 2.08; CI: 1.81?2.39) and individuals who wore a removable prosthesis (OR: 3.99; CI: 2.83?5.62) were also likely to have inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Old?old individuals (OR: 1.70; CI: 1.30?2.21), male (OR: 3.63; CI: 3.00?4.39), smoking (OR: 6.05; CI: 4.84?7.56) or alcohol use (OR: 3.95; CI: 3.12?5.01) were likely to have squamous cell carcinoma. The results showed different frequencies of OMLs in older individuals according to the data sources and age group. The findings are important to direct public policies for this age group

Acute rheumatic fever in a 61-year-old patient

O estudo e a descrição da febre reumática aguda (FRA) em adultos é escasso, dado que sua ocorrência é rara acima dos 40 anos de idade. Descrevemos um episódio de FRA em paciente feminina de 61 anos com uma história de um mês de dor retrosternal, dispnéia, ortopnéia e tosse não-produtiva. Dopplerecocardiograma revelou achados novos de espessamento da valva mitral, calcificação, mobilidade reduzida e regurgitação significativa, além de uma fração de ejeção de 39% e aumento dos diâmetros do ventrículo esquerdo e do átrio esquerdo. Ressonância magnética cardíaca confirmou importante disfunção e aumento de diamêtro sistólico do ventrículo esquerdo, com insuficiência mitral grave e ausência de realce tardio ou edema miocárdico. PET/CT com 18F-FDG mostrou aumento de captação na parede ventricular esquerda e na musculatura papilar. A biópsia endomiocárdica confirmou miocardite linfohistiocitária leve. Tratada com prednisona e azatioprina, além de profilaxia secundária com penicilina G e otimização da prescrição, a paciente apresentou melhora clínica significativa no seguimento.The study and description of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) in adults is scarce as its occurrence is rare over the age of 40 years old. We describe an ARF episode in a 61-year-old woman that presented with a one-month history of retrosternal pain, dyspnea, orthopnea and nonproductive cough. Her doppler echocardiogram revealed new findings of mitral valve thickening, calcification, reduced mobility and significant regurgitation, in addition to an ejection fraction of 39% and increased left ventricular and left atrium diameters. Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed important left ventricular systolic dysfunction and enlargement, with severe mitral regurgitation and no delayed myocardial enhancement or edema. PET/CT with 18F-FDG showed increased uptake in the left ventricular wall and papillary musculature. Endomyorcadial biopsy confirmed mild lymphohistiocytic myocarditis. Treated with Prednisone and Azathioprine, besides secondary prophylaxis with Penicillin G and prescription optimization, the patient presented significant clinical improvement on follow-up

LE FORT I OSTEOTOMY AS A SURGICAL APPROACH TO REMOVE A JUVENILE OSSIFYING FIBROMA IN THE MAXILLARY SINUS: PEDIATRIC CASE REPORT

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a well-defined benign neoplasm formed by different fibrocellular tissue and mineralized material. The OF clinical presentation is commonly an asymptomatic slow-growing swelling, mainly affecting the posterior mandibular region. Radiographically, this condition is characterized as a well-defined lesion with radiopaque and radiolucent areas. Histopathology shows dense cellular fibrous stroma and characteristic spheroidal calcifications called psammoma bodies. Regarding pediatric patients, the Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma (JOF) is an uncommon benign fibro‑osseous lesion with fast growth that impacts the facial skeleton, as it has a high-frequency potential. It occurs in early life, and approximately 79% are diagnosed before the age of 15 years. It affects both genders equally, and the maxilla is more involved compared to the mandible, there are cases also discovered in the orbit and skull. Surgical intervention to remove the tumor is the treatment of choice. The article presents a case of a pediatric patient who had the diagnosis of Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma and was submitted to surgical removal. The Le-Fort I Osteotomy approach proved to be safe, as it allows direct access to the base of the skull, allows good visualization and tumor exposure, and also allows easy tumor manipulation and curettage, enabling the preservation of facial aesthetics.Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a well-defined benign neoplasm formed by different fibrocellular tissue and mineralized material. The OF clinical presentation is commonly an asymptomatic slow-growing swelling, mainly affecting the posterior mandibular region. Radiographically, this condition is characterized as a well-defined lesion with radiopaque and radiolucent areas. Histopathology shows dense cellular fibrous stroma and characteristic spheroidal calcifications called psammoma bodies. Regarding pediatric patients, the Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma (JOF) is an uncommon benign fibro‑osseous lesion with fast growth that impacts the facial skeleton, as it has a high-frequency potential. It occurs in early life, and approximately 79% are diagnosed before the age of 15 years. It affects both genders equally, and the maxilla is more involved compared to the mandible, there are cases also discovered in the orbit and skull. Surgical intervention to remove the tumor is the treatment of choice. The article presents a case of a pediatric patient who had the diagnosis of Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma and was submitted to surgical removal. The Le-Fort I Osteotomy approach proved to be safe, as it allows direct access to the base of the skull, allows good visualization and tumor exposure, and also allows easy tumor manipulation and curettage, enabling the preservation of facial aesthetics

Ventricular Septal Rupture after Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but serious complication of acute myocardial infarction, which occurs in about 0.2 to 0.3% of patients with myocardial ischemia. If early therapy is not initiated, 90% of patients with VSR will die within the first month. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with VSR as a mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among nine patients who presented to the Cardiovascular Emergency Room of Pernambuco with acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation and VSR complications. Results: There were five women and 4 men, and the mean age of the patients was 72.5 years. The median time from the onset of the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation to the diagnosis of VSR was 3.5 days. Among the nine patients included in the study, three were treated surgically. Of all the patients, including those who underwent corrective surgery, eight patients died, 44.4% (N = 4), in the first four days after AMI. Conclusion: VSR occurs more frequently among elderly patients with multi-arterial involvement, lower wall infarction, and involvement of the right coronary artery. The prognosis is extremely limited, especially in patients who are already admitted to the cardiac emergency room with Killip IV, with > 24 hours of clinical evolution, and do not require surgical correction.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Comparing native and non-native seed-isolated strains for drought resilience in maize (Zea mays L.)

Funding Information: The authors extend their sincere gratitude to Tiago Silva Pinto, Jo\u00E3o Martins, and Manuel Coelho of 'Anpromis' and the 'InovMilho' initiative, for their invaluable support, expert guidance, provision of experimental fields, and field assistance throughout the course of this study. This work was supported by FCT - Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia, I.P. through the R&D Unit \"GREEN-IT - Bioresources for Sustainability\" [Base funding, UIDB/04551/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04551/2020) and Programmatic funding UIDP/04551/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04551/2020)] and the LS4FUTURE Associated Laboratory (LA/P/0087/2020). R.V. and O.V.D. also acknowledges the support of FCT through the Program \u201CConcurso de Est\u00EDmulo ao Emprego Cient\u00EDfico\u201D (CEECINST/00102/2018/CP1567/CT0039 and 2022.07839.CEECIND/CP1725/CT0022, respectively). Funding Information: This work was supported by FCT - Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia, I.P., through the R&D Unit \" GREEN-IT - Bioresources for Sustainability\" [Base funding, UIDB/04551/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04551/2020) and Programmatic funding UIDP/04551/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04551/2020)] and the LS4FUTURE Associated Laboratory ( LA/P/0087/2020 ). R.V. and O.V.D. also acknowledges the support of FCT through the Program \u201CConcurso de Est\u00EDmulo ao Emprego Cient\u00EDfico\u201D (CEECINST/00102/2018/CP1567/CT0039 and 2022.07839.CEECIND/CP1725/CT0022, respectively). Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)Maize, a vital crop for human nutrition, livestock, and industrial development, faces increasingly severe climatic conditions that hinder its production capacity along with other strategic crops. Novel treatments based on microorganisms have demonstrated efficiency in enhancing plant development and responding to stress. The use of bacteria isolated from seeds is a novel approach for biotreatment, as recent studies point to a co-evolution process for their presence in seeds. This approach hypothesize a pre-adaptation to its host, which may lead to increased efficiency. However, several aspects of this approach remain understudied. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of native maize seed microbiota in comparison to that isolated from other species to mitigate drought stress. For this we characterized seedborne microbiota of a common productive maize variety in Portugal, to use it as biotreatment in other two varieties (sensitive and resistant to drought), selecting the strain Pseudomonas fulva MB as the most promising candidate. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MS-M1 strain, isolated from wild alfalfa seeds and previously characterized as a drought-tolerant enhancer, served as a non-native control strain. According to the data, both varieties of maize demonstrated enhanced vegetative growth when treated with both individual strains, as well with the consortium, with an increase in plant height of 5–7 % in full and medium irrigation, and 50–55 % when not irrigated. This trend was also observed in plant weight, which increased by 13–23 %, even under no irrigation. In addition, production in both varieties was positively impacted by these treatments, based on the amount of grain produced (by weight). The drought-sensitive variety experienced a 17 % increase under full irrigation, while the most tolerant variety experienced a 25–40 % increase. Under medium irrigation level, the increase was about 15 % in both varieties, while a 100 % and 140 % increase was observed in each variety, respectively, when no irrigation was applied. The results suggest that native strain the P. fulva MB was slightly more efficient treatment, as it outperformed the non-native strain in terms of productivity in both varieties. However, the differences were not solid enough along all parameters to consistently asses such difference. The consortium treatment only showed better performance under full or medium irrigation conditions for some production traits. These findings support the use of seed microbiota as very efficient biotreatments, suggesting than even non-native strains have a remarkable beneficial impact (interspecific), expanding the possible of use of this kind of bioinoculants. Further test are required to optimize the use of seed-isolated strains as better adapted or tailor-made solutions for agriculture.publishersversionpublishe

Sistemas de cultivo, milhos variedade e Azospirillum - alternativas para pequenas propriedades rurais / Cultivation systems, corn varietie and Azospirillum - alternatives for small rural properties

Na região Oeste de Goiás predomina a atividade agropecuária realizada por pequenos produtores, dos quais muitos estão insatisfeitos com a produção de milho para silagem, devido seu elevado custo de produção. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta de materiais genéticos de milho (variedade SCS 154, SCS 156e híbrido Dow 2A620PW), cultivados de forma solteira e consorciada com abóbora, com e sem Azospirillum brasilense como inoculante quanto aos aspectos fitotécnicos e produtivos, buscando alternativas viáveis para a agricultura familiar. O experimento foi desenvolvido em faixas, semeando-se 1 hectare de milho e 1 hectare de abóbora em monocultivo; e, 1 hectare de milho + abóbora em consórcio. A semeadura foi realizada em 15/11/2018, sendo para o milho mecanizada, e para a abóbora, manualmente. Para a abóbora, maior produtividade (13,11 t.ha-1), foi obtida no sistema solteiro. Já para o milho, não houve influência dos sistemas de cultivo na produtividade de grãos. O uso do Azospirillum foi eficiente, proporcionando melhor desenvolvimento nas plantas de milho, no entanto, houve resposta diferenciada dos materiais genéticos ao inoculante. O híbrido apresentou maior produtividade de grãos (5.536 kg.ha-1), enquanto as variedades testadas, apresentaram maior produção de massa seca pela parte aérea, tornando-a promissoras na produção de alimentos volumosos. 

Religiosidade e Espiritualidade no Enfrentamento da Ansiedade, Estresse e Depressão / Religiosity and Spirituality in Facing Anxiety, Stress and Depression

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da religiosidade e espiritualidade no enfrentamento da ansiedade, estresse e depressão em estudantes de medicina da cidade de Montes Claros, MG. Fez parte da pesquisa 110 estudantes e foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de ansiedade, depressão e estresse (EADS – 21), a escala de Coping Religioso-Espiritual Breve (CRE Breve) e um questionário contendo variáveis sóciodemográficas, econômicas e estilo de vida. A prevalência de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foi elevada entre os estudantes de medicina avaliados (71,8%, 60% e 60% respectivamente). Além disso, 53,6% dos estudantes avaliados utilizam o CRE em nível alto e 23,6% em nível médio. Dessa forma, destaca-se a importância do papel da religiosidade e espiritualidade como uma forma dos estudantes de medicina buscar o controle psicológico e emocional para lidar com suas crises e enfrentamentos das adversidades durante o período da graduação

Educadores como heróis: impacto da educação em saúde na intervenção efetiva diante de casos de engasgo em crianças

Objetivo: Demonstrar a relevância de ações de educação em saúde em instituições escolares visando a prevenção, reconhecimento e manejos adequados diante do engasgo. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida através das bases de dados: BVS, Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Ao todo foram encontrados 58 artigos e após a realização dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão totalizaram seis para a composição amostral. Resultados: Em relação aos principais recursos utilizados pelos estudos destaca-se as oficinas educativas, recursos audiovisuais e simulação. Sendo que todas as intervenções realizadas demonstraram efetividade e elevação no conhecimento dos profissionais da educação após. Conclusão: Pode-se enfatizar a necessidade de ações de educação em saúde de modo contínuo aos profissionais da educação infantil. Ressalta-se, assim, a contribuição da educação permanente para a minimização das falhas, proporcionando ambiente escolar seguro e apto para possíveis emergências em casos de engasgamento em crianças

Complicações pulmonares em pacientes diabéticos com infecção por covid-19 / Pulmonary complications in diabetic patientes with covid-19 infection

INTRODUÇÃO: A COVID-19 se tornou uma preocupação mundial de saúde pública devido à sua rápida disseminação, instalando uma pandemia. Vários estudos indicaram o Diabetes mellitus contribuindo com um risco aumentado para eventos pulmonares graves. O objetivo do artigo é discutir as complicações respiratórias presentes em pacientes diabéticos infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa bibliográfica realizada selecionando estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos pelos bancos de dados PubMed, Scielo e BVS MS. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que pacientes diabéticos com COVID-19 têm mais chance de ter um envolvimento pulmonar  grave. Além disso, esses pacientes possuem maior probabilidade de desenvolver um quadro de pneumonia grave. DISCUSSÃO: Devido ao processo inflamatório generalizado, inerente a Diabetes Mellitus (DM), é necessário um manejo especial desses pacientes perante a uma infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Uma resposta imunológica já desencadeada pela DM, somada a tempestade de citocinas causada pelo vírus, ocasiona uma resposta tecidual deletéria sistêmica. CONCLUSÃO: Um protocolo de manejo para casos de SARS-CoV-2 em pacientes portadores de diabetes deve ser feito, devido à alta prevalência de complicações sistêmicas das duas anomalias  concomitantes.