Interaction between dietary intake and GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in head and neck cancer risk: a case-control study in São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo foi investigar a interação entre fatores dietéticos e polimorfismos de enzimas de metabolização de xenobióticos (GSTM1 e GSTT1) associadas ao câncer de cabeça e pescoço em um estudo caso controle de base hospitalar, no Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Participaram 103 casos incidentes, histologicamente confirmados, e 101 controles. O consumo alimentar foi obtido por um questionário de frequência alimentar validado. Os polimorfismos GSTM1 e GSTT1 foram avaliados pelo método PCR. Observou-se aumento de risco no mais alto tercil de consumo de carne bovina na presença do alelo nulo da GSTM1 (OR = 10,79; IC95%: 2,17-53,64) e GSTT1 (OR = 3,41; IC95%: 0,43-27,21). Considerando-se a razão entre alimentos de origem animal e vegetal, verificou-se para o tercil intermediário a OR = 2,02 (IC95%: 0,24-16,0) e no tercil superior OR = 3,23 (IC95%: 0,40-25,92). Os resultados apontam para uma possível interação entre o consumo de carne e variantes polimórficas dos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 na modulação do risco para o câncer de cabeça e pescoço, influenciados pelo consumo de alimentos de origem vegetal.A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to investigate the potential interaction between dietary factors and polymorphisms in phase II metabolic enzymes GSTM1 and GSTT1, associated with head and neck cancer risk. The study included 103 histologically confirmed incident cases and 101 controls. Food intake was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The gene polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR. Increased risk was observed in the highest tertile of beef consumption in the presence of the GSTM1 (OR = 10.79; 95%CI: 2.17-53.64) and GSTT1 null alleles (OR = 3.41; 95%CI: 0.43-27.21). Assessment of dietary intake considering the ratio between animal product and vegetable consumption showed OR = 2.35 (95%CI: 0.27-19.85) in the intermediate tertile and OR = 3.36 (95%CI: 0.41-27.03) in the highest tertile. The results suggest a possible interaction between meat intake and GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms in modulating the risk of head and neck cancer, influenced by vegetable consumption

Survival and quality of life of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer at 1-year follow-up of tumor resection

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the survival and life quality evolution of patients subjected to surgical excision of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients treated at a Brazilian healthcare unit specialized in head and neck surgery between 2006 and 2007 were enrolled in the study. The gathering of data comprised reviewing hospital files and applying the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire previously and 1 year after the surgery. Comparative analysis used Poisson regression to assess factors associated with survival and a paired t-test to compare preoperative and 1-year postoperative QOL ratings. RESULTS: 1 year after surgery, 7 patients were not found (dropout of the cohort); 15 had died and 25 fulfilled the UW-QOL again. The risk of death was associated with having regional metastasis previously to surgery (relative risk=2.18; 95% confidence interval=1.09-5.17) and tumor size T3 or T4 (RR=2.30; 95%CI=1.05-5.04). Survivors presented significantly (p<0.05) poorer overall and domain-specific ratings of quality of life. Chewing presented the largest reduction: from 74.0 before surgery to 34.0 one year later. Anxiety was the only domain whose average rating increased (from 36.0 to 70.7). CONCLUSIONS: The prospective assessment of survival and quality of life may contribute to anticipate interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of functional limitations in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer.(FAPESP) São Paulo Research Foundation(CNPq) Brazilian Council for the Scientific and Technological Developmen

Diabetes mellitus, metformin and head and neck cancer

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM (Diabetes Mellitus)) is directly associated with some cancers. However, studies on the association between diabetes mellitus and head and neck cancer (HNC (Head and Neck Cancer)) have rendered controversial results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between DM and HNC, as well as the impact of metformin use on the risk of HNC. Material and methods: This case-control study was conducted within the framework of the Brazilian Head and Neck Genome Project in 2011-2014. The study included 1021 HNC cases with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck admitted to five large hospitals in Sao Paulo state. A total of 1063 controls were selected in the same hospitals. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: Diabetic participants had a decreased risk of HNC (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49-0.95) than nondiabetic participants, and this risk was further decreased among diabetic metformin users (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.29-0.99). Diabetic metformin users that were current smokers (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04-0.44) or had an alcohol consumption of >40 g/day (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.11-0.88) had lower risk of HNC than equivalent non-diabetic participants. Conclusion: The risk of HNC was decreased among diabetic participants; metformin use may at least partially explain this inverse association. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Dietary factors and oral cancer: a case-control study in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

Dietary factors associated with oral cancer were investigated in a case-control hospital-based study in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1998 to 2002. A total of 835 subjects, 366 with histologically confirmed incident cases of oral-cavity or pharyngeal cancer and 469 controls participated in the study. Dietary data were collected with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained from unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders. Inverse associations with risk of oral cancer were found for the highest intake of beans, OR = 0.37 (95%CI: 0.22-0.64), raw vegetables, OR = 0.51 (95%CI: 0.29-0.93) and the intermediate tertile of rice and pasta intake, OR = 0.56 (95%CI: 0.38-0.83). Positive associations were observed for the highest intake of eggs, OR = 1.84 (95%CI: 1.23-2.75), potatoes, OR = 2.22 (95%CI: 1.53-3.25), and milk, OR= 1.80 (95%CI: 1.09-2.98). Some traditional Brazilian foods like rice and beans emerged as protective factors against oral cancer, independently of other risk factors.Neste estudo, investigou-se os fatores dietéticos associados com o câncer oral, em um estudo tipo caso-controle de base hospitalar no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 1998 e 2002. Participaram 835 indivíduos, sendo 366 casos incidentes de câncer de cavidade oral ou faringe e 469 controles. Os dados de consumo alimentar foram obtidos por um Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar (QFA). Os valores de odds ratio (OR) e intervalos com 95% de confiança (IC95%) foram estimados por regressão logística não condicional, ajustada por potenciais fatores de confusão. Verificaram-se associações inversas entre o câncer oral e o consumo mais elevado de feijão, OR = 0,37 (IC95%: 0,22-0,64), vegetais crus, OR = 0,51 (IC95%: 0,29-0,93) e para o tercil intermediário de arroz e massas, OR = 0,56 (IC95%: 0,38-0,83). Associações diretas foram observadas para o mais elevado consumo de ovos, OR = 1,84 (IC95%: 1,23-2,75), batata, OR = 2,22 (IC95%: 1,53-3,25) e leite, OR= 1,80 (IC95%: 1,09-2,98). Alimentos básicos da dieta do brasileiro, como arroz e feijão, emergiram como fatores de proteção para o câncer oral, independente de outros fatores de risco.Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Saúde PúblicaInstituto do Câncer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Departamento de Cabeça e PescoçoHospital Heliópolis Departamento de Cabeça e PescoçoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Hospital São PauloUNIFESP, Hospital São PauloSciEL

Padrões dietéticos e risco de câncer oral: estudo caso-controle em São Paulo

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between dietary patterns and oral cancer. METHODS: The study, part of a Latin American multicenter hospital-based case-control study, was conducted in São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between November 1998 and March 2002 and included 366 incident cases of oral cancer and 469 controls, frequency-matched with cases by sex and age. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The risk associated with the intake of food groups defined a posteriori, through factor analysis (called factors), was assessed. The first factor, labeled prudent, was characterized by the intake of vegetables, fruit, cheese, and poultry. The second factor, traditional, consisted of the intake of rice, pasta, pulses, and meat. The third factor, snacks, was characterized as the intake of bread, butter, salami, cheese, cakes, and desserts. The fourth, monotonous, was inversely associated with the intake of fruit, vegetables and most other food items. Factor scores for each component retained were calculated for cases and controls. After categorization of factor scores into tertiles according to the distribution of controls, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Traditional factor showed an inverse association with cancer (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.32; 0.81, p-value for trend 0.14), whereas monotonous was positively associated with the outcome (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.78; 2.85, p-value for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study data suggest that the traditional Brazilian diet, consisting of rice and beans plus moderate amounts of meat, may confer protection against oral cancer, independently of any other risk factors such as alcohol intake and smoking.OBJETIVO: Analisar padrões dietéticos relacionados com o câncer oral. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar, parte de um estudo multicêntrico na América Latina, foi realizado em São Paulo entre novembro de 1998 e março de 2003 em 366 casos incidentes de câncer oral e 469 controles, pareados por freqüência de sexo e idade. O inquérito dietético foi realizado por questionário de freqüência alimentar. Analisou-se o risco associado ao consumo de grupos de alimentos definidos a posteriori, por análise fatorial. O primeiro fator, denominado prudente, caracterizou-se pelo consumo de vegetais, frutas, queijos e aves. O segundo, tradicional, pelo consumo de arroz e massas, leguminosas e carne, enquanto o terceiro, lanches, pelo consumo de pão, manteiga, embutidos, queijos e doces. O último, monótono, associou-se inversamente ao consumo de frutas e vegetais, e a maior parte dos outros itens alimentares. Calculou-se um escore para cada padrão derivado, para casos e controles. Após categorização dos escores em tercis, de acordo com a distribuição dos controles, estimou-se a odds ratio e o intervalo de confiança de 95% por regressão logística múltipla não condicional. RESULTADOS: O padrão tradicional relacionou-se inversamente com o câncer oral (OR=0,51; IC 95%: 0,32; 0.81, p=0,140), enquanto o padrão monótono associou-se positivamente (OR=1,78; IC 95%: 1,78; 2,85, p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que o prato tradicional do brasileiro, composto de arroz e feijão, mais quantidades moderadas de carne, pode conferir proteção quanto ao câncer oral, independente de outros fatores de risco reconhecidos, como consumo de álcool e tabaco.Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Saúde Pública Departamento de NutriçãoInstituto do Câncer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Departamento de Cabeça e PescoçoHospital do Câncer A.C.Camargo Departamento de Cabeça, Pescoço e OtorrinolaringologiaHospital Heliópolis Departamento de Cabeça e PescoçoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Cabeça e Pescoço. Hospital São PauloUSP FSP Departamento de EpidemiologiaUSP Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Medicina PreventivaUNIFESP, Depto. de Otorrinolaringologia, Cabeça e Pescoço. Hospital São PauloSciEL

O SILÊNCIO TERAPÊUTICO NA PSICOLOGIA HUMANISTA

O silêncio é concebido foneticamente como a ausência de ruídos, como a falta de sons

Padrões dietéticos e risco de câncer oral: estudo caso-controle em São Paulo

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between dietary patterns and oral cancer. METHODS: The study, part of a Latin American multicenter hospital-based case-control study, was conducted in São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between November 1998 and March 2002 and included 366 incident cases of oral cancer and 469 controls, frequency-matched with cases by sex and age. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The risk associated with the intake of food groups defined a posteriori, through factor analysis (called factors), was assessed. The first factor, labeled "prudent," was characterized by the intake of vegetables, fruit, cheese, and poultry. The second factor, "traditional," consisted of the intake of rice, pasta, pulses, and meat. The third factor, "snacks," was characterized as the intake of bread, butter, salami, cheese, cakes, and desserts. The fourth, "monotonous," was inversely associated with the intake of fruit, vegetables and most other food items. Factor scores for each component retained were calculated for cases and controls. After categorization of factor scores into tertiles according to the distribution of controls, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: "Traditional" factor showed an inverse association with cancer (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.32; 0.81, p-value for trend 0.14), whereas "monotonous" was positively associated with the outcome (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.78; 2.85, p-value for trendOBJETIVO: Analisar padrões dietéticos relacionados com o câncer oral. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar, parte de um estudo multicêntrico na América Latina, foi realizado em São Paulo entre novembro de 1998 e março de 2003 em 366 casos incidentes de câncer oral e 469 controles, pareados por freqüência de sexo e idade. O inquérito dietético foi realizado por questionário de freqüência alimentar. Analisou-se o risco associado ao consumo de grupos de alimentos definidos a posteriori, por análise fatorial. O primeiro fator, denominado "prudente", caracterizou-se pelo consumo de vegetais, frutas, queijos e aves. O segundo, "tradicional", pelo consumo de arroz e massas, leguminosas e carne, enquanto o terceiro, "lanches", pelo consumo de pão, manteiga, embutidos, queijos e doces. O último, "monótono", associou-se inversamente ao consumo de frutas e vegetais, e a maior parte dos outros itens alimentares. Calculou-se um escore para cada padrão derivado, para casos e controles. Após categorização dos escores em tercis, de acordo com a distribuição dos controles, estimou-se a odds ratio e o intervalo de confiança de 95% por regressão logística múltipla não condicional. RESULTADOS: O padrão "tradicional" relacionou-se inversamente com o câncer oral (OR=0,51; IC 95%: 0,32; 0.81, p=0,140), enquanto o padrão "monótono" associou-se positivamente (OR=1,78; IC 95%: 1,78; 2,85,

FGFR4 Profile as a Prognostic Marker in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mouth and Oropharynx

Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a member of a receptor tyrosine kinase family of enzymes involved in cell cycle control and proliferation. A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Gly388Arg variant has been associated with increased tumor cell motility and progression of breast cancer, head and neck cancer and soft tissue sarcomas. The present study evaluated the prognostic significance of FGFR4 in oral and oropharynx carcinomas, finding an association of FGFR4 expression and Gly388Arg genotype with tumor onset and prognosis. Patients and Methods: DNA from peripheral blood of 122 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas was used to determine FGFR4 genotype by PCR-RFLP. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays. Results: Presence of allele Arg388 was associated with lymphatic embolization and with disease related premature death. In addition, FGFR4 low expression was related with lymph node positivity and premature relapse of disease, as well as disease related death. Conclusion: Our results propose FGFR4 profile, measured by the Gly388Arg genotype and expression, as a novel marker of prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and oropharynx.FAPESPFAPESP [04/15022-0, 04/12054-9