Título: Crónica de don Juan II

Obra atribuida a Fernan Perez de Guzman, a Lucio Marineo Sículo segun Palau o a Alvar Garcia de Santamaria por otros.Sign.: []2, *-(5)*2, A-3Z4, 4A-4C4, 4D1, 4E2-4E4, 4E-4G4, 4H-402Texto a dos col.Port. con grab. calc.Antep.Error tip. en el segundo cuadernillo 4E2-4E4 que tendria que ser 4D2-4D4.Grab. calc.: "Rafael Ximeno delineó, Mariano Brandi gravó", retrato de Enrique III, en p.1Grab. calc.: "Rafael Ximeno delineó, Mariano Brandi gravó", retrato de Juan II, en p.23Contiene: Generaciones y semblanzas de los señores reyes don Enrique III y don Juan II ..

Epítome de la crónica del Rey Don Iván el Segundo de Castilla

Sign. : [calderón]\p6\s, A-Z\p6\s, Aa-Hh\p6\s.Desde p.308 a 342 "Libro quinto. Claros varones que florecieron en España... reducido a un breve catálogo por el noble caballero Fernán Pérez de Guzmán, corregido y adicionado por el Doctor Lorenço Galindez de Carvajal..."Esc. del editor Gabriel de LeónAntep.Texto a dos col.Port. a dos tintas.Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Título: Generaciones y semblanzas del noble caballero Fernan Perez de Guzman

Generaciones, semblanzas é obras de los excelentes Reyes de España D. Enrique III y D. Juan el II y de los venerables Perlados, y notables Caballeros que en los tiempos de estos Reyes fueron / ordenadas por el noble caballero Fernán Pérez de Guzmán, corregidas y emendadas y adicionadas por el Doctor Lorenzo Galindez de Carbajal.Autor tomado de Palau, 359009 su verdadero nombre, sin embargo, es Juan Antonio de Vera y AvilaCopia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-2010Marca de imp. en port.Sign.: [calderón]8, A-Z8, 2A-2C8, 2D

Investigating the highest melting temperature materials : a laser melting study of the TaC-HfC system

TaC, HfC and their solid solutions are promising candidate materials for thermal protection structures in hypersonic vehicles because of their very high melting temperatures (\u3e4000 K) among other properties.  The melting temperatures of slightly hypostoichiometric TaC, HfC and three solid solution compositions (Ta1−xHfxC, with x = 0.8, 0.5 and 0.2) have long been identified as the highest known. In the current  research, they were reassessed, for the first time in the last fifty years, using a laser heating technique.  They were found to melt in the range of 4041–4232 K, with HfC having the highest and TaC the lowest.  Spectral radiance of the hot samples was measured in situ, showing that the optical emissivity of these compounds plays a fundamental role in their heat balance. Independently, the results show that the melting point for HfC0.98, (4232 ± 84) K, is the highest recorded for any compound studied until now

Marruecos (África) (Reino). Mapas generales. 1775

Al verso anotado en tinta china en la primera hoja: "Mapa de una parte de África. Túnez, Marruecos, etc." y "n.º 136". La letra es del siglo XIX y el número corresponde al inventario de la colección de Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, virrey de Nueva España, que fue legada por su nieto Fernando de Gabriel Ruiz de Apodaca en 1883. Allí figura el título de este mapa impreso en 2 hojas (Memorias de la Real Academia de la Historia, Cuaderno complementario, t. X, 1886, pp. 843-850, 850 para esta cita)Escala gráfica también expresada en 120 grandes millas arábigas de 50 en un grado, 150 millas arábigas de 2336 varas cada una, 14 giams medida marítima de los árabes, compuesta de 9 millas de las de 50 en grado y 150 horas de camino que andan las caravanas, reguladas en 4412 varas cada unaCopia Digital. Real Academia de la Historia : 2010En el ángulo superior izquierdo meridiano de origen: "Longitud Oriental de la Isla del Hierro". Márgenes graduados de 1º en 1º. Indica los cuatro puntos cardinales. Relieve por montes de perfil sombreados. Costa sombreadaLos límites de los reinos y sus respectivas provincias están delimitados por línea punteada e iluminados a la aguada con un color para cada reinoEn la mención de responsabilidad se indica que fue compuesto con los mejores mapas, sin especificar cuáles, "y con lo que escribieron" siete historiadores: Luis del Mármol y Carvajal, Diego de Torres, Diego de Haedo (OSB), Oliveiro Dapper, Abbeville, Pierre Davity, François Lamothe y otros (identificados en Líter Mayayo y Sanchis Ballester, Tomás López y sus colaboradores, Madrid, 1998)Impreso en dos hojas de papel con marcas de agua: "R. Romani". Restaurado en 200

Behavior and Impact of Zirconium in the Soil–Plant System: Plant Uptake and Phytotoxicity

Because of the large number of sites they pollute, toxic metals that contaminate terrestrial ecosystems are increasingly of environmental and sanitary concern (Uzu et al. 2010, 2011; Shahid et al. 2011a, b, 2012a). Among such metals is zirconium (Zr), which has the atomic number 40 and is a transition metal that resembles titanium in physical and chemical properties (Zaccone et al. 2008). Zr is widely used in many chemical industry processes and in nuclear reactors (Sandoval et al. 2011; Kamal et al. 2011), owing to its useful properties like hardness, corrosion-resistance and permeable to neutrons (Mushtaq 2012). Hence, the recent increased use of Zr by industry, and the occurrence of the Chernobyl and Fukashima catastrophe have enhanced environmental levels in soil and waters (Yirchenko and Agapkina 1993; Mosulishvili et al. 1994 ; Kruglov et al. 1996)

Pathogenesis of Candida albicans Infections in the Alternative Chorio-Allantoic Membrane Chicken Embryo Model Resembles Systemic Murine Infections

Alternative models of microbial infections are increasingly used to screen virulence determinants of pathogens. In this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of Candida albicans and C. glabrata infections in chicken embryos infected via the chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) and analyzed the virulence of deletion mutants. The developing immune system of the host significantly influenced susceptibility: With increasing age, embryos became more resistant and mounted a more balanced immune response, characterized by lower induction of proinflammatory cytokines and increased transcription of regulatory cytokines, suggesting that immunopathology contributes to pathogenesis. While many aspects of the chicken embryo response resembled murine infections, we also observed significant differences: In contrast to systemic infections in mice, IL-10 had a beneficial effect in chicken embryos. IL-22 and IL-17A were only upregulated after the peak mortality in the chicken embryo model occurred; thus, the role of the Th17 response in this model remains unclear. Abscess formation occurs frequently in murine models, whereas the avian response was dominated by granuloma formation. Pathogenicity of the majority of 15 tested C. albicans deletion strains was comparable to the virulence in mouse models and reduced virulence was associated with significantly lower transcription of proinflammatory cytokines. However, fungal burden did not correlate with virulence and for few mutants like bcr1Δ and tec1Δ different outcomes in survival compared to murine infections were observed. C. albicans strains locked in the yeast stage disseminated significantly more often from the CAM into the embryo, supporting the hypothesis that the yeast morphology is responsible for dissemination in systemic infections. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of C. albicans infections in the chicken embryo model resembles systemic murine infections but also differs in some aspects. Despite its limitations, it presents a useful alternative tool to pre-screen C. albicans strains to select strains for subsequent testing in murine models

Genetic Admixture and Population Substructure in Guanacaste Costa Rica

The population of Costa Rica (CR) represents an admixture of major continental populations. An investigation of the CR population structure would provide an important foundation for mapping genetic variants underlying common diseases and traits. We conducted an analysis of 1,301 women from the Guanacaste region of CR using 27,904 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on a custom Illumina InfiniumII iSelect chip. The program STRUCTURE was used to compare the CR Guanacaste sample with four continental reference samples, including HapMap Europeans (CEU), East Asians (JPT+CHB), West African Yoruba (YRI), as well as Native Americans (NA) from the Illumina iControl database. Our results show that the CR Guanacaste sample comprises a three-way admixture estimated to be 43% European, 38% Native American and 15% West African. An estimated 4% residual Asian ancestry may be within the error range. Results from principal components analysis reveal a correlation between genetic and geographic distance. The magnitude of linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured by the number of tagging SNPs required to cover the same region in the genome in the CR Guanacaste sample appeared to be weaker than that observed in CEU, JPT+CHB and NA reference samples but stronger than that of the HapMap YRI sample. Based on the clustering pattern observed in both STRUCTURE and principal components analysis, two subpopulations were identified that differ by approximately 20% in LD block size averaged over all LD blocks identified by Haploview. We also show in a simulated association study conducted within the two subpopulations, that the failure to account for population stratification (PS) could lead to a noticeable inflation in the false positive rate. However, we further demonstrate that existing PS adjustment approaches can reduce the inflation to an acceptable level for gene discovery

Individual Shrink Wrapping of Zucchini Fruit Improves Postharvest Chilling Tolerance Associated with a Reduction in Ethylene Production and Oxidative Stress Metabolites

We have studied the effect of individual shrink wrapping (ISW) on the postharvest performance of refrigerated fruit from two zucchini cultivars that differ in their sensitivity to cold storage: Sinatra (more sensitive) and Natura (more tolerant). The fruit was individually shrink wrapped before storing at 4°C for 0, 7 and 14 days. Quality parameters, ethylene and CO2 productions, ethylene gene expression, and oxidative stress metabolites were assessed in shrink wrapped and non-wrapped fruit after conditioning the fruit for 6 hours at 20°C. ISW decreased significantly the postharvest deterioration of chilled zucchini in both cultivars. Weight loss was reduced to less than 1%, pitting symptoms were completely absent in ISW fruit at 7 days, and were less than 25% those of control fruits at 14 days of cold storage, and firmness loss was significantly reduced in the cultivar Sinatra. These enhancements in quality of ISW fruit were associated with a significant reduction in cold-induced ethylene production, in the respiration rate, and in the level of oxidative stress metabolites such as hydrogen peroxide and malonyldialdehyde (MDA). A detailed expression analysis of ethylene biosynthesis, perception and signaling genes demonstrated a downregulation of CpACS1 and CpACO1 genes in response to ISW, two genes that are upregulated by cold storage. However, the expression patterns of six other ethylene biosynthesis genes (CpACS2 to CpACS7) and five ethylene signal transduction pathway genes (CpCTR1, CpETR1, CpERS1, CpEIN3.1 and CpEN3.2), suggest that they do not play a major role in response to cold storage and ISW packaging. In conclusion, ISW zucchini packaging resulted in improved tolerance to chilling concomitantly with a reduction in oxidative stress, respiration rate and ethylene production, as well as in the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes, but not of those involved in ethylene perception and sensitivity.This work was supported by grants AGL2011-30568-C02/ALI from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and AGR1423 from the Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía, Spain. Z.M. acknowledges FPU program scholarships from MEC, Spain. S.M. is funded by grant PTA2011-479-I from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

The cost of severe haemophilia in Europe: the CHESS study

Background Severe haemophilia is associated with major psychological and economic burden for patients, caregivers, and the wider health care system. This burden has been quantified and documented for a number of European countries in recent years. However, few studies have taken a standardised methodology across multiple countries simultaneously, and sought to amalgamate all three levels of burden for severe disease. The overall aim of the ‘Cost of Haemophilia in Europe: a Socioeconomic Survey’ (CHESS) study was to capture the annualised economic and psychosocial burden of severe haemophilia in five European countries. A cross-section of haemophilia specialists (surveyed between January and April 2015) provided demographic and clinical information and 12-month ambulatory and secondary care activity for patients via an online survey. In turn, patients provided corresponding direct and indirect non-medical cost information, including work loss and out-of-pocket expenses, as well as information on quality of life and adherence. The direct and indirect costs for the patient sample were calculated and extrapolated to population level. Results Clinical reports for a total of 1,285 patients were received. Five hundred and fifty-two patients (43% of the sample) provided information on indirect costs and health-related quality of life via the PSC. The total annual cost of severe haemophilia across the five countries for 2014 was estimated at EUR 1.4 billion, or just under EUR 200,000 per patient. The highest per-patient costs were in Germany (mean EUR 319,024) and the lowest were in the United Kingdom (mean EUR 129,365), with a study average of EUR 199,541. As expected, consumption of clotting factor replacement therapy represented the vast majority of costs (up to 99%). Indirect costs are driven by patient and caregiver work loss. Conclusions The results of the CHESS study reflect previous research findings suggesting that costs of factor replacement therapy account for the vast majority of the cost burden in severe haemophilia. However, the importance of the indirect impact of haemophilia on the patient and family should not be overlooked. The CHESS study highlights the benefits of observational study methodologies in capturing a ‘snapshot’ of information for patients with rare diseases