1,384 research outputs found
Spectroscopy and BVI photometry of the young open cluster NGC 6604
BVI photometry (from South Africa Astron. Obs.), Echelle high resolution
spectroscopy and AFOSC integral field spectroscopy (from Asiago, Italy) of the
young open cluster NGC 6604 are presented. Age, distance, reddening,
membership, radial and rotational velocities are derived and discussed. An age
of 5 million years, a distance of 1.7 kpc and a reddening E(B-V)=1.02 are
found. The cluster radial velocity is in agreement with the Hron (1987) model
for the Galaxy disk rotation. Pre-ZAMS objects are not present down to M_V =
+1.5 mag.Comment: accepted in Astron.Astrophys.Suppl. Figure 2 is degraded in
resolutio
Giant Quantum Reflection of Neon Atoms from a Ridged Silicon Surface
The specular reflectivity of slow, metastable neon atoms from a silicon
surface was found to increase markedly when the flat surface was replaced by a
grating structure with parallel narrow ridges. For a surface with ridges that
have a sufficiently narrow top, the reflectivity was found to increase more
than two orders of magnitude at the incident angle of 10 mRad from the surface.
The slope of the reflectivity vs the incident angle near zero was found to be
nearly an order of magnitude smaller than that of a flat surface. A grating
with 6.5% efficiency for the first-order diffraction was fabricated by using
the ridged surface structure.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. To be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
The comet 17P/Holmes 2007 outburst: the early motion of the outburst material
Context. On October 24, 2007 the periodic comet 17P/Holmes underwent an
astonishing outburst that increased its apparent total brightness from
magnitude V\sim17 up to V\sim2.5 in roughly two days. We report on Wendelstein
0.8 m telescope (WST) photometric observations of the early evolution stages of
the outburst. Aims. We studied the evolution of the structure morphology, its
kinematic, and estimated the ejected dust mass. Methods. We analized 126 images
in the BVRI photometric bands spread between 26/10/2007 and 20/11/2007. The
bright comet core appeared well separated from that one of a quickly expanding
dust cloud in all the data, and the bulk of the latter was contained in the
field of view of our instrument. The ejected dust mass was derived on the base
of differential photometry on background stars occulted by the moving cloud.
Results. The two cores were moving apart from each other at a relative
projected constant velocity of (9.87 +/- 0.07) arcsec/day (0.135 +/-0.001
km/sec). In the inner regions of the dust cloud we observed a linear increase
in size at a mean constant velocity of (14.6+/-0.3) arcsec/day (0.200+/-0.004
km/sec). Evidence of a radial velocity gradient in the expanding cloud was also
found. Our estimate for the expanding coma's mass was of the order of 10^{-2}-1
comet's mass implying a significant disintegration event. Conclusions. We
interpreted our observations in the context of an explosive scenario which was
more probably originated by some internal instability processes, rather than an
impact with an asteroidal body. Due to the peculiar characteristics of this
event, further observations and investigations are necessary in order to
enlight the nature of the physical processes that determined it.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, A&A accepte
Nonlinear Trimodal Regression Analysis of Radiodensitometric Distributions to Quantify Sarcopenic and Sequelae Muscle Degeneration.
Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files.Muscle degeneration has been consistently identified as an independent risk factor for high mortality in both aging populations and individuals suffering from neuromuscular pathology or injury. While there is much extant literature on its quantification and correlation to comorbidities, a quantitative gold standard for analyses in this regard remains undefined. Herein, we hypothesize that rigorously quantifying entire radiodensitometric distributions elicits more muscle quality information than average values reported in extant methods. This study reports the development and utility of a nonlinear trimodal regression analysis method utilized on radiodensitometric distributions of upper leg muscles from CT scans of a healthy young adult, a healthy elderly subject, and a spinal cord injury patient. The method was then employed with a THA cohort to assess pre- and postsurgical differences in their healthy and operative legs. Results from the initial representative models elicited high degrees of correlation to HU distributions, and regression parameters highlighted physiologically evident differences between subjects. Furthermore, results from the THA cohort echoed physiological justification and indicated significant improvements in muscle quality in both legs following surgery. Altogether, these results highlight the utility of novel parameters from entire HU distributions that could provide insight into the optimal quantification of muscle degeneration.European Commissio
Structural membrane proteins and loosely associated proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Testing the chemical tagging technique with open clusters
Context. Stars are born together from giant molecular clouds and, if we
assume that the priors were chemically homogeneous and well-mixed, we expect
them to share the same chemical composition. Most of the stellar aggregates are
disrupted while orbiting the Galaxy and most of the dynamic information is
lost, thus the only possibility of reconstructing the stellar formation history
is to analyze the chemical abundances that we observe today.
Aims. The chemical tagging technique aims to recover disrupted stellar
clusters based merely on their chemical composition. We evaluate the viability
of this technique to recover co-natal stars that are no longer gravitationally
bound.
Methods. Open clusters are co-natal aggregates that have managed to survive
together. We compiled stellar spectra from 31 old and intermediate-age open
clusters, homogeneously derived atmospheric parameters, and 17 abundance
species, and applied machine learning algorithms to group the stars based on
their chemical composition. This approach allows us to evaluate the viability
and efficiency of the chemical tagging technique.
Results. We found that stars at different evolutionary stages have distinct
chemical patterns that may be due to NLTE effects, atomic diffusion, mixing,
and biases. When separating stars into dwarfs and giants, we observed that a
few open clusters show distinct chemical signatures while the majority show a
high degree of overlap. This limits the recovery of co-natal aggregates by
applying the chemical tagging technique. Nevertheless, there is room for
improvement if more elements are included and models are improved.Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Corrected
typo
CT and MRI assessment and characterization using segmentation and 3D modeling techniques: applications to muscle, bone and brain.
To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files.
This article is open access.This paper reviews the novel use of CT and MRI data and image processing tools to segment and reconstruct tissue images in 3D to determine characteristics of muscle, bone and brain.This to study and simulate the structural changes occurring in healthy and pathological conditions as well as in response to clinical treatments. Here we report the application of this methodology to evaluate and quantify: 1. progression of atrophy in human muscle subsequent to permanent lower motor neuron (LMN) denervation, 2. muscle recovery as induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES), 3. bone quality in patients undergoing total hip replacement and 4. to model the electrical activity of the brain. Study 1: CT data and segmentation techniques were used to quantify changes in muscle density and composition by associating the Hounsfield unit values of muscle, adipose and fibrous connective tissue with different colors. This method was employed to monitor patients who have permanent muscle LMN denervation in the lower extremities under two different conditions: permanent LMN denervated not electrically stimulated and stimulated. Study 2: CT data and segmentation techniques were employed, however, in this work we assessed bone and muscle conditions in the pre-operative CT scans of patients scheduled to undergo total hip replacement. In this work, the overall anatomical structure, the bone mineral density (BMD) and compactness of quadriceps muscles and proximal femoral was computed to provide a more complete view for surgeons when deciding which implant technology to use. Further, a Finite element analysis provided a map of the strains around the proximal femur socket when solicited by typical stresses caused by an implant press fitting. Study 3 describes a method to model the electrical behavior of human brain using segmented MR images. The aim of the work is to use these models to predict the electrical activity of the human brain under normal and pathological conditions by developing detailed 3D representations of major tissue surfaces within the head, with over 12 different tissues segmented. In addition, computational tools in Matlab were developed for calculating normal vectors on the brain surface and for associating this information with the equivalent electrical dipole sources as an input into the mode
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the liver field: the double face of Everolimus in vitro.
Everolimus (EVE), a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, has been proposed as liver transplant immunosuppressive drug, gaining wide interest also for the treatment of cancer. Although an appropriate tolerance, it may induce several adverse effects, such as fibro-interstitial pneumonitis due to the acquisition of activated myofibroblasts. The exact molecular mechanism associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be crucial also in the liver context. This work examines the role and the molecular mediators of EMT in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and human liver cancer cells (HepG2) and the potential role of EVE to maintain the epithelial phenotype rather than to act as a potential initiators of EMT.Real time-PCR and western blot have been used to assess the capability of EVE at low-therapeutic (10 nM) and high (100 nM) dose to induce an in vitro EMT in HSC and HepG2.Biomolecular experiments demonstrated that low concentration of EVE (10 nM) did not modify the gene expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Vimentin (VIM), Fibronectin (FN) in both HSC and HepG2 cells, whereas EVE at 100 nM induced a significant over-expression of all the three above-mentioned genes and an increment of α-SMA and FN protein levels. Additionally, 100 nM of EVE induced a significant phosphorylation of AKT and an up-regulation of TGF-β expression in HSC and HepG2 cells.Our data, although obtained in an in vitro model, revealed, for the first time, that high concentration of EVE may induce EMT in liver cells confirming previous published evidences obtained in renal cells. Additionally, they suggested that mTOR-I should be administered at the lowest dose able to maximize their important and specific therapeutic properties minimizing or avoiding fibrosis-related adverse effects.In summary, if confirmed by additional studies, our results could be useful for researchers to standardize new therapeutic immunosuppressive and anticancer drugs protocols
The Infrared Ca II triplet as metallicity indicator
From observations of almost 500 RGB stars in 29 Galactic open and globular
clusters, we have investigated the behaviour of the infrared Ca II triplet
(8498, 8542 and 8662 \AA) in the age range 13Age/Gyr0.25 and the
metallicity range [Fe/H] +0.47. These are the widest ranges of
ages and metallicities in which the behaviour of the Ca II triplet lines has
been investigated in a homogeneous way. We report the first empirical study of
the variation of the CaII triplet lines strength, for given metallicities, with
respect to luminosity. We find that the sequence defined by each cluster in the
Luminosity-Ca plane is not exactly linear. However, when only stars in
a small magnitude interval are observed, the sequences can be considered as
linear. We have studied the the Ca II triplet lines on three metallicities
scales. While a linear correlation between the reduced equivalent width (
or ) versus metallicity is found in the \citet{cg97} and \citet{ki03}
scales, a second order term needs to be added when the \citet{zw84} scale is
adopted. We investigate the role of age from the wide range of ages covered by
our sample. We find that age has a weak influence on the final relationship.
Finally, the relationship derived here is used to estimate the metallicities of
three poorly studied open clusters: Berkeley 39, Trumpler 5 and Collinder 110.
For the latter, the metallicity derived here is the first spectroscopic
estimate available.Comment: 52 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomical
Journa
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