82 research outputs found
Law, politics and the governance of English and Scottish joint-stock companies 1600-1850
This article examines the impact of law on corporate governance by means of a case study of joint-stock enterprise in England and Scotland before 1850. Based on a dataset of over 450 company constitutions together with qualitative information on governance practice, it finds little evidence to support the hypothesis that common-law regimes such as England were more supportive of economic growth than civil-law jurisdictions such as Scotland: indeed, levels of shareholder protection were slightly stronger in the civil-law zone. Other factors, such as local political institutions, played a bigger role in shaping organisational forms and business practice
Constraints on diffuse neutrino background from primordial black holes
We calculated the energy spectra and the fluxes of electron neutrino emitted
in the process of evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early
universe. It was assumed that PBHs are formed by a blue power-law spectrum of
primordial density fluctuations. We obtained the bounds on the spectral index
of density fluctuations assuming validity of the standard picture of
gravitational collapse and using the available data of several experiments with
atmospheric and solar neutrinos. The comparison of our results with the
previous constraints (which had been obtained using diffuse photon background
data) shows that such bounds are quite sensitive to an assumed form of the
initial PBH mass function.Comment: 18 pages,(with 7 figures
Stakeholder perceptions of key aspects of high-quality cancer care to assess with patient reported outcome measures: A systematic review
Performance measurement is the process of collecting, analyzing, and reporting standard-ized measures of clinical performance that can be compared across practices to evaluate how well care was provided. We conducted a systematic review to identify stakeholder perceptions of key symptoms and health domains to test as patient-reported performance measures in oncology. Stakeholders included cancer patients, caregivers, clinicians, and healthcare administrators. Standard review methodology was used, consistent with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies through August 2020. Four coders independently reviewed entries and con-flicts were resolved by a fifth coder. Efficacy and effectiveness studies, and studies focused exclusively on patient experiences of care (e.g., communication skills of providers) were excluded. Searches generated 1813 articles and 1779 were coded as not relevant, leaving 34 international articles for extraction. Patients, caregivers, clinicians, and healthcare administrators prioritize psychosocial care (e.g., distress) and symptom management for patient-reported performance measures. Patients and caregivers also perceive that maintaining physical function and daily activities are critical. Clinicians and administrators perceive control of specific symptoms to be critical (gastrointestinal symptoms, pain, poor sleep). Results were used to inform testing at six US cancer centers
Direct evidence of nonstationary collisionless shocks in space plasmas
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous throughout the universe: around stars, supernova remnants, active galactic
nuclei, binary systems, comets, and planets. Key information is carried by electromagnetic emissions from particles
accelerated by high Mach number collisionless shocks. These shocks are intrinsically nonstationary, and the
characteristic physical scales responsible for particle acceleration remain unknown. Quantifying these scales is crucial, as it affects the fundamental process of redistributing upstream plasma kinetic energy into other degrees of
freedom—particularly electron thermalization. Direct in situ measurements of nonstationary shock dynamics have
not been reported. Thus, the model that best describes this process has remained unknown. Here, we present
direct evidence demonstrating that the transition to nonstationarity is associated with electron-scale field
structures inside the shock ramp
Simulação tĂ©cnico-econĂ´mica da inclusĂŁo de ractopamina em dietas de suĂnos em terminação
PerĂodo de suplementação de ractopamina em dietas para suĂnos machos castrados em terminação
Duração da suplementação de ractopamina em dietas para leitoas em terminação mantidas sob alta temperatura ambiente
Lessons to be learned: a case study approach An unusual case of alveloar deposition from swallow ing metallic mercury in an attempt at self-poisoning
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