Liderazgo y pacto global: nuevos instrumentos de responsabilidad social empresarial

Para proyectar un cambio positivo en la sociedad desde las grandes industrias, se debe iniciar con estimulación y fomento del trabajo en equipo con compromiso y convicción; seguido, la evaluación de recursos tecnológicos, financieros, humanos, físicos, entre otros, para el diseño, gestión e implementación de estrategias de desarrollo; y, finalmente, con el fin alcanzado plenamente, socializar y proyectar los logros a la sociedad, al Estado y a los diferentes sectores económicos. Los factores económicos, sociales, humanos y medio-ambientales evaluados y potencializados en una organización, proporcionan el análisis de la realidad, los supuestos positivos y negativos a los cuales se afronta dicha empresa; y, en base a esto, se generan acciones y tareas en términos de competitividad y posicionamiento, además de contribución positiva en determinados problemas sociales actuales

Evaluación del programa Escuela Saludable en algunos colegios públicos de Santa Marta, 2017

ABSTRACT The health and well-being of the community is the basic objective of public health. Healthy school is constituted in a program that seeks to strengthen the social production of health in the school environment through actions of public policy, healthy environment, empowerment and social participation, health education and surveillance. With the objective of establishing the degree of application of the guidelines of the healthy school program in some public schools of the city of Santa Marta for the year 2017, a descriptive quantitative study was carried out in 14 institutions that voluntarily agreed to participate. In general, there was a deficient level of application of the national guidelines for the strategy; In each of the evaluated items a low percentage of compliance was evidenced, concluding that it is necessary to design strengthening strategies in the implementation of the program that allow a fundamental objective of improving the health of schoolchildren and the academic community in general.La salud y el bienestar de la comunidad es el objetivo básico de la salud pública. Escuela saludable se constituye en un programa que busca fortalecer la producción social de la salud en el ámbito escolar a través de acciones de política pública, ambiente saludable, empoderamiento y participación social, educación para la salud y vigilancia. Con el objetivo de establecer el grado de aplicación de los lineamientos del programa escuela saludable en algunos colegios públicos de la ciudad de Santa Marta para el año 2017, se realizó un estudio descriptivo cuantitativo en 14 instituciones que voluntariamente aceptaron participar. De manera general, se encontró un nivel deficiente de aplicación de los lineamientos nacionales para la estrategia; en cada uno de los ítems evaluados se evidenció un bajo porcentaje de cumplimiento, concluyendo que se requieren diseñar estrategias de fortalecimiento en la implementación del programa que permitan objetivo fundamental de mejorar la salud de los colectivos (escolares y la comunidad académica en general)

Social inequalities in multimorbidity patterns in Europe: A multilevel latent class analysis using the European Social Survey (ESS)

Multimorbidity is associated with lower quality of life, greater disability and higher use of health services and is one of the main challenges facing governments in Europe. There is a need to identify and characterize patterns of chronic conditions and analyse their association with social determinants not only from an individual point of view but also from a collective point of view. This paper aims to respond to this knowledge gap by detecting patterns of chronic conditions and their social determinants in 19 European countries from a multilevel perspective. We used data from the ESS round 7. The final sample consisted of 18,933 individuals over 18 years of age, and patterns of multimorbidity from 14 chronic conditions were detected through Multilevel Latent Class Analysis, which also allows detecting similarities between countries. Gender, Age, Housing Location, Income Level and Educational Level were used as individual covariates to determine possible associations with social inequalities. The goodness-of-fit indices derived in a model with six multimorbidity patterns and five countries clusters. The six patterns were "Back, Digestive and Headaches", "Allergies and Respiratory", "Complex Multi -morbidity", "Cancer and Cardiovascular", "Musculoskeletal" and "Cardiovascular"; the five clusters could be associated with some geographical areas or welfare states. Patterns showed significant differences in the cova-riates of interest, with differences in education and income being of particular interest. Some significant dif-ferences were found among patterns and the country groupings. Our findings show that chronic diseases tend to appear in a combined and interactive way, and socioeconomic differences in the occurrence of patterns are not only of the individual but also of group importance, emphasising how the welfare states in each country can influence in the health of their inhabitants

A DNA damage repair gene-associated signature predicts responses of patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma to treatment with trabectedin

Predictive biomarkers of trabectedin represent an unmet need in advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, involved in homologous recombination or nucleotide excision repair, had been previously described as biomarkers of trabectedin resistance or sensitivity, respectively. The majority of these studies only focused on specific factors (ERCC1, ERCC5, and BRCA1) and did not evaluate several other DDR-related genes that could have a relevant role for trabectedin efficacy. In this retrospective translational study, 118 genes involved in DDR were evaluated to determine, by transcriptomics, a predictive gene signature of trabectedin efficacy. A six-gene predictive signature of trabectedin efficacy was built in a series of 139 tumor samples from patients with advanced STS. Patients in the high-risk gene signature group showed a significantly worse progression-free survival compared with patients in the low-risk group (2.1 vs 6.0 months, respectively). Differential gene expression analysis defined new potential predictive biomarkers of trabectedin sensitivity (PARP3 and CCNH) or resistance (DNAJB11 and PARP1). Our study identified a new gene signature that significantly predicts patients with higher probability to respond to treatment with trabectedin. Targeting some genes of this signature emerges as a potential strategy to enhance trabectedin efficacy.This study was funded by the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcoma (GEIS) and partially by PharmaMar. The authors would like to thank the GEIS data center for data management. The authors also thank the donors and the Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío—Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Biobank (Andalusian Public Health System Biobank and ISCIII-Red de Biobancos PT17/0015/0041) for part of the human specimens used in this study. David S. Moura is recipient of a Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship funded by the National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) (CD20/00155)

Areas of Interest and Social Consideration of Antidepressants on English Tweets: A Natural Language Processing Classification Study

Background: Antidepressants are the foundation of the treatment of major depressive disorders. Despite the scientific evidence, there is still a sustained debate and concern about the efficacy of antidepressants, with widely differing opinions among the population about their positive and negative effects, which may condition people’s attitudes towards such treatments. Our aim is to investigate Twitter posts about antidepressants in order to have a better understanding of the social consideration of antidepressants. Methods: We gathered public tweets mentioning antidepressants written in English, published throughout a 22-month period, between 1 January 2019 and 31 October 2020. We analysed the content of each tweet, determining in the first place whether they included medical aspects or not. Those with medical content were classified into four categories: general aspects, such as quality of life or mood, sleep-related conditions, appetite/weight issues and aspects around somatic alterations. In non-medical tweets, we distinguished three categories: commercial nature (including all economic activity, drug promotion, education or outreach), help request/offer, and drug trivialization. In addition, users were arranged into three categories according to their nature: patients and relatives, caregivers, and interactions between Twitter users. Finally, we identified the most mentioned antidepressants, including the number of retweets and likes, which allowed us to measure the impact among Twitter users. Results: The activity in Twitter concerning antidepressants is mainly focused on the effects these drugs may have on certain health-related areas, specifically sleep (20.87%) and appetite/weight (8.95%). Patients and relatives are the type of user that most frequently posts tweets with medical content (65.2%, specifically 80% when referencing sleep and 78.6% in the case of appetite/weight), whereas they are responsible for only 2.9% of tweets with non-medical content. Among tweets classified as non-medical in this study, the most common subject was drug trivialization (66.86%). Caregivers barely have any presence in conversations in Twitter about antidepressants (3.5%). However, their tweets rose more interest among other users, with a ratio 11.93 times higher than those posted by patients and their friends and family. Mirtazapine is the most mentioned antidepressant in Twitter (45.43%), with a significant difference with the rest, agomelatine (11.11%). Conclusions: This study shows that Twitter users that take antidepressants, or their friends and family, use social media to share medical information about antidepressants. However, other users that do not talk about antidepressants from a personal or close experience, frequently do so in a stigmatizing manner, by trivializing them. Our study also brings to light the scarce presence of caregivers in Twitter

Depletion of thiols leads to redox deregulation, production of 4-hydroxinonenal and sperm senescence: a possible role for GSH regulation in spermatozoa

[EN] We hypothesized that thiols and particularly glutathione (GSH) are essential for the regulation of stallion sperm functionality. To test this hypothesis, we initially investigated the relationship between sperm function and GSH content, revealing highly significant correlations between GSH, sperm viability, motility, and velocity parameters (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the deleterious effects of GSH depletion using menadione and 1,3 dimethoxy 1,4, naphtoquinone (DMNQ) were able to be prevented by the addition of cysteine, but no other antioxidant. Pre-incubation with cysteine prevented menadione and DMNQ induced damage to sperm membranes after 1 h (P < 0.001; P < 0.05) and after 3 h of incubation (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Pre-incubation with cysteine ameliorated both the menadione- and DMNQ-induced increase in 4-hydroxynonenal (P < 0.001). As cysteine is a precursor of GSH, we hypothesized that stallion spermatozoa are able to synthesize this tripeptide using exogenous cysteine. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the presence of two enzymes required to synthesize GSH (GSH and GCLC) and using western blotting and immunocytochemistry we detected both enzymes in stallion spermatozoa. The inhibition of GCLC reduced the recovery of GSH by addition of cysteine after depletion, suggesting that stallion spermatozoa may use exogenous cysteine to regulate GSH. Other findings supporting this hypothesis were changes in sperm functionality after BSO treatment and changes in GSH and GSSG validated using HPLC-MS, showing that BSO prevented the increase in GSH in the presence of cysteine, although important stallion to stallion variability occurred and suggested differences in expression of glutamate cysteine ligase. Mean concentration of GSH in stallion spermatozoa was 8.2 ± 2.1 μM/109 spermatozoa, well above the nanomolar ranges per billion spermatozoa reported for other mammals.SIThe authors received financial support for this study from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-FEDER, Madrid, Spain, grants AGL2013-43211-R, AGL2017-83149-R Junta de Extremadura-FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) (GR 18008 and IB16030). PMM is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Madrid Spain FPU13/03991. COF is supported by a post-doctoral grant from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad “Juan de la Cierva” IJCI-2014-21671, JMO-R holds a PhD grant from Valhondo Calaaf Foundation, Cáceres Spain

Diseño e implementación de pruebas nacionales –ICFES– e internacionales –PISA– a partir del uso del aula virtual

Es fundamental conocer las fortalezas y las dificultades de los estudiantes en cuanto a los procesos evaluativos que se establecen al interior de las Instituciones Educativas, además del reconocimiento de sus capacidades de conceptualización y aplicación de la teoría a sus actividades cotidianas. Por esta razón el proyecto de investigación docente realizado en el Colegio Rafael Bernal Jiménez está orientado a lograr que los estudiantes, a través del uso del aula virtual Casquete de Esfera Perforada, tengan la oportunidad de reconocer ámbitos que den cuenta de la calidad de la educación frente a los estándares básicos nacionales (pruebas censales ICFES) y estándares internacionales (programa internacional de Evaluación de Estudiantes, pruebas PISA)

Performance of visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) for triage of HPV screen-positive women: results from the ESTAMPA study

Q1Q1Pacientes con Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH)VIA is recommended for triage of HPV-positive women attending cervical screening. In the multicentric ESTAMPA study, VIA performance for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) among HPV-positive women was evaluated. Women aged 30-64 years were screened with HPV testing and cytology and referred to colposcopy if either test was positive. At colposcopy visit, study-trained midwives/nurses/GPs performed VIA ahead of colposcopy. VIA was considered positive if acetowhite lesions were observed in or close to the transformation zone. Ablative treatment eligibility was assessed for VIA positives. Performance indicators were estimated. Three thousand one hundred and forty-two HPV-positive women were included. Sensitivity for CIN3+ was 85.9% (95% CI 81.2-89.5) among women <50 years and, although not significant, slightly lower in women 50+ (78.0%, 95% CI 65.9-86.6). Overall specificity was 58.6% (95% CI 56.7-60.5) and was significantly higher among women 50+ (70.3%, 95% CI 66.8-73.5) compared to women <50 (54.3%, 95% CI 52.1-56.5). VIA positivity was lower among women 50+ (35.2%, 95% CI 31.9-38.6) compared to women <50 (53.2, 95% CI 51.1-55.2). Overall eligibility for ablative treatment was 74.5% and did not differ by age. VIA sensitivity, specificity, and positivity, and ablative treatment eligibility varied highly by provider (ranges: 25%-95.4%, 44.9%-94.4%, 8.2%-65.3%, 0%-98.7%, respectively). VIA sensitivity for cervical precancer detection among HPV-positive women performed by trained providers was high with an important reduction in referral rates. However, scaling-up HPV screening triaged by VIA will be challenging due to the high variability of VIA performance and providers' need for training and supervision.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-9946Revista Internacional - IndexadaA1N

Pobreza en la ocupación e instrumentos de reacción

Unión Europea,Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional DER2015-63701-C3-1-

Multimorbidity Patterns and Their Association with Social Determinants, Mental and Physical Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The challenge posed by multimorbidity makes it necessary to look at new forms of prevention, a fact that has become heightened in the context of the pandemic. We designed a questionnaire to detect multimorbidity patterns in people over 50 and to associate these patterns with mental and physical health, COVID-19, and possible social inequalities. Methods: This was an observational study conducted through a telephone interview. The sample size was 1592 individuals with multimorbidity. We use Latent Class Analysis to detect patterns and SF-12 scale to measure mental and physical quality-of-life health. We introduced the two dimensions of health and other social determinants in a multinomial regression model. Results: We obtained a model with five patterns (entropy = 0.727): ‘Relative Healthy’, ‘Cardiometabolic’, ‘Musculoskeletal’, ‘Musculoskeletal and Mental’, and ‘Complex Multimorbidity’. We found some differences in mental and physical health among patterns and COVID-19 diagnoses, and some social determinants were significant in the multinomial regression. Conclusions: We identified that prevention requires the location of certain inequalities associated with the multimorbidity patterns and how physical and mental health have been affected not only by the patterns but also by COVID-19. These findings may be critical in future interventions by health services and governments17 página