701 research outputs found
Study of 0- phase transition in hybrid superconductor-InSb nanowire quantum dot devices
Hybrid superconductor-semiconducting nanowire devices provide an ideal
platform to investigating novel intragap bound states, such as the Andreev
bound states (ABSs), Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states, and the Majorana bound
states. The competition between Kondo correlations and superconductivity in
Josephson quantum dot (QD) devices results in two different ground states and
the occurrence of a 0- quantum phase transition. Here we report on
transport measurements on hybrid superconductor-InSb nanowire QD devices with
different device geometries. We demonstrate a realization of continuous
gate-tunable ABSs with both 0-type levels and -type levels. This allow us
to manipulate the transition between 0 and junction and explore charge
transport and spectrum in the vicinity of the quantum phase transition regime.
Furthermore, we find a coexistence of 0-type ABS and -type ABS in the same
charge state. By measuring temperature and magnetic field evolution of the
ABSs, the different natures of the two sets of ABSs are verified, being
consistent with the scenario of phase transition between the singlet and
doublet ground state. Our study provides insights into Andreev transport
properties of hybrid superconductor-QD devices and sheds light on the crossover
behavior of the subgap spectrum in the vicinity of 0- transition
Conjugate Points and Shocks in Nonlinear Optimal Control
In this paper the authors use the method of characteristics to extend the Jacobi conjugate points theory to the Bolza problem arising in nonlinear optimal control. This yields necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for weak and strong local minima stated in terms of the existence of a solution to a corresponding matrix Riccati differential equation. The same approach allows to investigate as well smoothness of the value function
Optimality and Characteristics of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equations
In this paper the authors study the Bolza problem arising in nonlinear optimal control and investigate under what circumstances the necessary conditions for optimality of Pontryagin's type are also sufficient. This leads to the question when shocks do not occur in the method of characteristics applied to the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. In this case the value function is its (unique) continuously differentiable solution and can be obtained from the canonical equations. In optimal control this corresponds to the case when the optimal trajectory of the Bolza problem is unique for every initial state and the optimal feedback is an upper semicontinuous set-valued map with convex, compact images
Correlation-induced conductance suppression at level degeneracy in a quantum dot
The large, level-dependent g-factors in an InSb nanowire quantum dot allow
for the occurrence of a variety of level crossings in the dot. While we observe
the standard conductance enhancement in the Coulomb blockade region for aligned
levels with different spins due to the Kondo effect, a vanishing of the
conductance is found at the alignment of levels with equal spins. This
conductance suppression appears as a canyon cutting through the web of direct
tunneling lines and an enclosed Coulomb blockade region. In the center of the
Coulomb blockade region, we observe the predicted correlation-induced
resonance, which now turns out to be part of a larger scenario. Our findings
are supported by numerical and analytical calculations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Formation of Long Single Quantum Dots in High Quality InSb Nanowires Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
We report on realization and transport spectroscopy study of single quantum
dots (QDs) made from InSb nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The
nanowires employed are 50-80 nm in diameter and the QDs are defined in the
nanowires between the source and drain contacts on a Si/SiO substrate. We
show that highly tunable QD devices can be realized with the MBE-grown InSb
nanowires and the gate-to-dot capacitance extracted in the many-electron
regimes is scaled linearly with the longitudinal dot size, demonstrating that
the devices are of single InSb nanowire QDs even with a longitudinal size of
~700 nm. In the few-electron regime, the quantum levels in the QDs are resolved
and the Land\'e g-factors extracted for the quantum levels from the
magnetotransport measurements are found to be strongly level-dependent and
fluctuated in a range of 18-48. A spin-orbit coupling strength is extracted
from the magnetic field evolutions of a ground state and its neighboring
excited state in an InSb nanowire QD and is on the order of ~300 eV. Our
results establish that the MBE-grown InSb nanowires are of high crystal quality
and are promising for the use in constructing novel quantum devices, such as
entangled spin qubits, one-dimensional Wigner crystals and topological quantum
computing devices.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure
Conjugate times and regularity of the minimum time function with differential inclusions
This paper studies the regularity of the minimum time function, ,
for a control system with a general closed target, taking the state equation in
the form of a differential inclusion. Our first result is a sensitivity
relation which guarantees the propagation of the proximal subdifferential of
along any optimal trajectory. Then, we obtain the local regularity of
the minimum time function along optimal trajectories by using such a relation
to exclude the presence of conjugate times
Analysis of strain and stacking faults in single nanowires using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging
Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) on Bragg reflections is a promising
technique for the study of three-dimensional (3D) composition and strain fields
in nanostructures, which can be recovered directly from the coherent
diffraction data recorded on single objects. In this article we report results
obtained for single homogeneous and heterogeneous nanowires with a diameter
smaller than 100 nm, for which we used CDI to retrieve information about
deformation and faults existing in these wires. The article also discusses the
influence of stacking faults, which can create artefacts during the
reconstruction of the nanowire shape and deformation.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures Submitted to New Journal of Physic
A candidate gene study of tardive dyskinesia in the CATIE schizophrenia trial
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary oro-facial, limb, and truncal movements. As a genetic basis for inter-individual variation is assumed, there have been a sizeable number of candidate gene studies. All subjects met diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and were randomized to receive antipsychotic medications as participants in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness project (CATIE). TD was assessed via the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale at regular intervals. Probable TD was defined as meeting Schooler–Kane criteria at any scheduled CATIE visit (207/710 subjects, 29.2%). A total of 128 candidate genes were studied in 710 subjects—2,580 SNPs in 118 candidate genes selected from the literature (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA pathways) and composite genotypes for 10 drug-metabolizing enzymes. No single marker or haplotype association reached statistical significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Thus, we found no support for either novel or prior associations from the literature
Detection of variable VHE gamma-ray emission from the extra-galactic gamma-ray binary LMC P3
Context. Recently, the high-energy (HE, 0.1-100 GeV) -ray emission
from the object LMC P3 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has been discovered
to be modulated with a 10.3-day period, making it the first extra-galactic
-ray binary.
Aims. This work aims at the detection of very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV)
-ray emission and the search for modulation of the VHE signal with the
orbital period of the binary system.
Methods. LMC P3 has been observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System
(H.E.S.S.); the acceptance-corrected exposure time is 100 h. The data set has
been folded with the known orbital period of the system in order to test for
variability of the emission. Energy spectra are obtained for the orbit-averaged
data set, and for the orbital phase bin around the VHE maximum.
Results. VHE -ray emission is detected with a statistical
significance of 6.4 . The data clearly show variability which is
phase-locked to the orbital period of the system. Periodicity cannot be deduced
from the H.E.S.S. data set alone. The orbit-averaged luminosity in the
TeV energy range is erg/s. A luminosity of erg/s is reached during 20% of the orbit. HE and VHE
-ray emissions are anti-correlated. LMC P3 is the most luminous
-ray binary known so far.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in A&
Atomic scale strain relaxation in axial semiconductor III-V nanowire heterostructures
Combination of mismatched materials in semiconductor nanowire heterostructures offers a freedom of bandstructure engineering that is impossible in standard planar epitaxy. Nevertheless, the presence of strain and structural defects directly control the optoelectronic properties of these nanomaterials. Understanding with atomic accuracy how mismatched heterostructures release or accommodate strain, therefore, is highly desirable. By using atomic resolution high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with geometrical phase analyses and computer simulations, we are able to establish the relaxation mechanisms (including both elastic and plastic deformations) to release the mismatch strain in axial nanowire heterostructures. Formation of misfit dislocations, diffusion of atomic species, polarity transfer, and induced structural transformations are studied with atomic resolution at the intermediate ternary interfaces. Two nanowire heterostructure systems with promising applications (InAs/InSb and GaAs/GaSb) have been selected as key examples
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