Educação médica online durante a Pandemia de COVID-19: relatos de experiência após mentoria/ Online medical education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: experience reports after mentorship

O distanciamento e isolamento social decorrente da pandemia causada pela doença coronavírus-2019 (COVID-19), trouxe grandes mudanças nas vidas dos estudantes de medicina do Brasil, incluindo a migração para o ensino à distância. Nesse contexto, durante o primeiro semestre do ano de 2020, cinco acadêmicos da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) foram submetidos à uma mentoria por vídeo conferência, dirigida por um médico e livre docente da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), em que foram explorados assuntos inerentes à formação médica, como gestão de tempo, organização dos estudos, iniciação científica, empatia, resiliência, educação financeira, carreira profissional e especialidades médicas. Este estudo foi realizado utilizando os relatos de experiências que foram produzidos pelos acadêmicos de medicina da UFRR após a mentoria por vídeo conferência. A maioria dos participantes relatou sentir que a pandemia de 2020 trouxe desafios de adaptação, diante da substituição do estudo presencial para a forma online, além de relatarem impactos positivos em relação às orientações abordadas pela mentoria. Na análise dos textos livres e subjetivos, foi possível observar um alto nível de satisfação dos alunos em relação à mudança para a aprendizagem online, com destaque às favoráveis de acessibilidade, a forma leve e descontraída das reuniões e a grande capacidade de gerar autorreflexão. O ensino médico à distância não substitui o presencial, todavia, como uma forma de auxílio e complementação, pode ser de grande ajuda na busca do conhecimento e aprimoramento na formação acadêmica

Biogas - Turning Waste into Clean Energy

Expertise in biogas production using anaerobic digestion (AD) can offer many benefits in addition to being an alternative source of energy. This process involves plant digesters and provides an alternative destination for biomass that would eventually go unutilized and deposited in a trash heap. The application of the appropriate plant digester technology can generate energy, and the gas produced can be used for many purposes, such as water and space heating, lighting, and grain drying. In this context, agro residues are one of the most abundant energy sources available world wide. Nevertheless, the bioconversion of organic matter to biogas is a complex process of AD that involves many reactions among several microorganisms living in a stable community. Microorganisms from many diverse genera of obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes constitute these steps, and four groups are recognized to be the most frequent in biogas production plants. These groups, in order of substrate hydrolysis, are hydrolytic, acidogenic, and acetogenic bacteria, followed by the core group, the methanogenic archaea. All together, they compose the operation of a systematized activity with synergistic effects that ensure the stability of the process

Production Processes for Monoclonal Antibodies

Antibodies are glycoprotein structures with immune activity. They are able to identify or induce a neutralizing immune response when they identify foreign bodies such as bacteria, viruses, or tumor cells. Immunoglobulins are produced and secreted by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of antigens. The first monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged from a survey of hybridomas, and nowadays mAbs are produced mostly from cultivations of these cells. Additionally, there are studies and patents using a range of cells and microorganisms engineered for the production of mAbs at commercial scale. For some years, new methodologies have advanced with new production processes, allowing scale-up production and market introduction. Large-scale production has revolutionized the market for monoclonal antibodies by boosting its production and becoming a more practical method of production. Production techniques have only had a sizable breakthrough due to molecular techniques. Various systems of production are used, including animal cells, microorganisms, plants, and mammary glands. All of these require the technological development of production process such as a stirrer, a wave bioreactor, and roller bottles

Tuberculose e Tomografia de Coerência Óptica: Uma revisão sistemática das manifestações oculares / Tuberculosis and Optical Coherence Tomography: A systematic review of eye manifestations

A tuberculose é uma doença causada pelo bacilo aeróbico Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cujo órgão mais atingido é o pulmão (80% dos casos), mas que pode apresentar quadro clínico extrapulmonar em 20% dos pacientes, incluindo-se as manifestações clínicas oculares, em que a disseminação hematogênica é a principal via pela qual o aparelho ocular é infectado. Além disso, devido o diagnóstico de tuberculose ocular ser difícil apenas pelo quadro clínico e o fato de outros exames complementares não mostrarem grandes alterações, a tomografia de coerência óptica pode fornecer dados importantes sobre a região específica da estrutura ocular acometida. Assim, considerando a importância do tema, o objetivo desta dissertação científica visa analisar os achados à tomografia de coerência óptica correspondentes a apresentação ocular da tuberculose. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica mediante as bases de dados MEDLINE, LILCAS, IBECS e PUBMED, na qual foram analisados 15 artigos. Os estudos denotam que é necessário haver um alto nível de suspeição em casos com quadro clínico redicivante ou com presença de fator de risco para tuberculose. Outrossim, esses pacientes merecem uma abordagem multidisciplinar

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias and vagal dysfunction in Chagas disease patients with no apparent cardiac involvement

INTRODUCTION : Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia (EIVA) and autonomic imbalance are considered as early markers of heart disease in Chagas disease (ChD) patients. The objective of the present study was to verify the differences in the occurrence of EIVA and autonomic maneuver indexes between healthy individuals and ChD patients with no apparent cardiac involvement. METHODS : A total of 75 ChD patients with no apparent cardiac involvement, aged 44.7 (8.5) years, and 38 healthy individuals, aged 44.0 (9.2) years, were evaluated using echocardiography, symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing and autonomic function tests. RESULTS : The occurrence of EIVA was higher in the chagasic group (48%) than in the control group (23.7%) during both the effort and the recovery phases. Frequent ventricular contractions occurred only in the patient group. Additionally, the respiratory sinus arrhythmia index was significantly lower in the chagasic individuals compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS : ChD patients with no apparent cardiac involvement had a higher frequency of EIVA as well as more vagal dysfunction by respiratory sinus arrhythmia. These results suggest that even when asymptomatic, ChD patients possess important arrhythmogenic substrates and subclinical disease