The information sources of the first Spanish Newspapers (1618-1635): the construction of information credibility

Este trabajo analiza las fuentes de información utilizadas en un corpus numeroso de avisos recogidos en periódicos españoles impresos entre 1618 y 1635. El objetivo de partida es determinar cómo se construye, en términos tanto históricos como retóricos, la credibilidad informativa. Analizaremos la construcción retórica de la credibilidad en el texto mismo de los avisos, concretamente en las fuentes de información que estos declaran u ocultan; para comprobar si existe una intención deliberada de encubrir las fuentes de información, estudiaremos la frecuencia con que aparece la atribución on deep background. La aproximación metodológica que orienta este estudio es la que sostiene el Historical News Discourse, que aplica las conclusiones y métodos de análisis del Análisis Crítico del Discurso a los periódicos del pasado, y contextualiza y explica sus resultados en relación a los planteamientos de la Historia del Periodismo y de la Comunicación (Conboy, Brownlees, Broersma y otros). Defendemos en este trabajo que el análisis del discurso de los primeros impresos informativos resulta fundamental para conocer cómo se consolida en España la profesión periodística, gracias a una nueva forma de auctoritas basada en la competencia discursiva. El gacetero o periodista aparece como una nueva modalidad de escritor, cuya credibilidad y reputación dependen de su capacidad para acceder, organizar y declarar –de acuerdo a patrones retóricos reconocibles para sus lectores– las fuentes de información a las que tiene acceso.This paper analyses the information sources used in a large corpus of news items published in Spanish printed newspapers between 1618 and 1635. The initial aim is to determine how information credibility was constructed in both historical and rhetorical terms. To this end, the rhetorical construction of credibility in the news stories are analysed by focusing on the information sources that these reveal or conceal. And in order to determine whether or not these sources were deliberately concealed, the frequency with which ‘on deep background’ attribution appears is examined. The methodological approach on which this study is based is Historical News Discourse, which applies the conclusions and methods of critical discourse analysis to newspapers of the past, in addition to contextualising and explaining the results in terms of journalism history and communication approaches (Conboy, Brownlees and Broersma, among others). In this work, we contend that the discourse analysis of the first printed newspapers is essential for gaining further insights into how the journalistic profession consolidated its position in Spain thanks to a new form of auctoritas based on discourse competence. The gazetteer or journalist emerged as a new kind of writer, whose credibility and reputation depended on his ability to access, organise and reveal –according to rhetorical patterns recognisable to readers– the information sources available to him

Bioactive Potential of Aqueous Phenolic Extracts of Spices for Their Use in the Food Industry—A Systematic Review

The interest on the use of natural sources in the food industry has promoted the study of plants’ phenolic compounds as potential additives. However, the literature has been focusing on essential oils, with very few studies published regarding aqueous extracts, their phenolic composition, and bioactivity. A systematic review was conducted on different databases following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the relevance of the phenolic content of different aromatic spices (oregano, rosemary, thyme, ginger, clove, and pepper), as related to their bioactivity and potential application as food additives. Although different extraction methods have been applied in the literature, the use of green approaches using ethanol and deep eutectic solvents has increased, leading to the development of products more apt for human consumption. The studied plants present an interesting phenolic profile, ranging from phenolic acids to flavonoids, establishing a correlation between their phenolic content and bioactivity. In this sense, results have proven to be very promising, presenting those extracts as having similar if not higher bioactivity than synthetic additives already in use, with associated health concerns. Nevertheless, the study of spices’ phenolic extracts is somehow limited to in vitro studies. Therefore, research in food matrices is needed for more understanding of factors interfering with their preservation activityNutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada (grant from the Regional Government of Andalucía PREDOC_00110

Endocardial-mesenchymal transition underlies fusion of the conotruncal ridges during embryonic cardiac outflow tract septation

The embryonic cardiac outflow tract (conotruncus) is a single tubular chamber that connects the right ventricle with the aortic arch arteries. It contains two opposite, long and helical mesenchymal cushions covered by endocardial cells (conotruncal ridges). Conotruncal division (septation) gives rise to the adult right and left outflows together with the aortic and pulmonary valves. It takes place by fusion of the two opposite ridges and formation of the conotruncal septum. Although the participation of neural crest cells in septation is well established, the mechanism of fusion of the conotruncal ridges remains unknown. Defects in fusion have been shown to produce bicuspid aortic valve, the most prevalent human congenital cardiac malformation, in a hamster model. Three fusion mechanisms have been proposed to operate during embryonic development: epithelial adhesion, epithelial apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The first mechanism entails the expression of adhesion molecules and the maintenance of the identity of cells in contact, whereas in the other two, epithelial cells covering the fusing structures disappear by apoptosis or by transforming into mesenchymal cells. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism involved in the fusion of the conotruncal ridges. Immunofluorecence techniques were used in ED 11-12 hamster embryos. The results indicate that the mechanism of EMT, but not epithelial adhesion or apoptosis, is involved in the process of fusion of the conotruncal ridges. The EMT mechanism associated with conotruncal septation seems to be uncoupled from the process of formation of the endocardial cushions, which takes place at early stages. With these results, we can raise the hypothesis that defects in the EMT process may lead to different morphological types of bicuspid aortic valve.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This study was supported by P10-CTS-6068 (Junta de Andalucía), CGL2014-52356-P and CGL2017-85090-P (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), contract UMAJI75 (Junta de Andalucía, European Social Fund), and Universidad de Málaga

IPv6 Network Mobility

Network Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting has been used since before the days of the Internet as we know it today. Authentication asks the question, “Who or what are you?” Authorization asks, “What are you allowed to do?” And fi nally, accounting wants to know, “What did you do?” These fundamental security building blocks are being used in expanded ways today. The fi rst part of this two-part series focused on the overall concepts of AAA, the elements involved in AAA communications, and highlevel approaches to achieving specifi c AAA goals. It was published in IPJ Volume 10, No. 1[0]. This second part of the series discusses the protocols involved, specifi c applications of AAA, and considerations for the future of AAA

Entre el discurso historiográfico y la escritura íntima: otra Javiera Carrera que emerge, vive y siente

The liberal historiography of the XIX built an imaginary around Javiera Carrera, which was limited to a pasive role, something very typical of the woman of this period and that lets out others behaviors. From this premise, and focused on History of Mentalities, this study has the aim to reconstruct the symbolic repertoire about the body of Javiera, as a woman absorbed in a national independence context. Through her letters it is possible to elucidate how she was placed or presented in front of the period's facts, mainly from the perspective of the body and emotions, as a woman who lives and feels.    La historiografía liberal del siglo XIX construyó un imaginario en torno a Javiera Carrera, limitado a un rol pasivo, propio de la mujer del periodo, dejando de lado otro tipo de accionar. A partir de esta primicia, y desde un enfoque de historia de las mentalidades, este estudio tiene por objetivo la reconstrucción del repertorio simbólico operante sobre el cuerpo de Javiera, como mujer inmersa en el contexto independista a través de sus cartas, para dilucidar cómo se posiciona o autorepresenta frente a los hechos del periodo, principalmente desde una perspectiva del cuerpo y las emociones, en cuanto mujer que vive y siente.  

Scalable QoS-aware Mobility for Future Mobile Operators

Telecom operators and Internet service providers are heading for a new shift in communications paradigms. The forthcoming convergence of cellular and wireless data networks is often manifested in an “all IP approach” in which all communications are based on an end-to-end IP protocol framework. The approach to network design becomes user and service-centered, so that continuous reachability of mobile users and sustained communication capabilities are default requirements for a prospective architecture. In this article, we describe a network architecture which is able to provide seamless communication mobility, triggered either by the user or by the network, across multiple technologies. The architecture allows for media independent handovers and supports optimized mobility and resource management functions. The main focus of the article is on major technical highlights of mobility and quality-of-service (QoS) management subsystems for converged networks.Publicad

La construcción del estado-nación en Eritrea

Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEunpu

Prevalence of caries and gingivitis in 2- to 4-year-old children attending daycare centers managed by the Chilean National Kindergartens Board (JUNJI) and municipal schools, Valdivia.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of carious lesions and gingivitis in 2- to 4-year-old children attending JUNJI daycare centers and urban municipal schools in the city of Valdivia, Chile. Material and method: Descriptive cross-sectional study. A population of 182 two-year-old children and 285 four-year-old children were examined. Subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. All subjects were enrolled in daycare centers managed by JUNJI and municipal schools in the city of Valdivia. An oral examination was performed to measure the DMFT and hemorrhagic indexes according to the WHO diagnostic criteria. The presence of cavitated carious lesions and gingivitis was determined, resulting in descriptive statistics according to age and gender. Results: The prevalence of caries was 12.6% in two-year-old children and 41% in four-year-olds, respectively. The prevalence of gingivitis was 36.8% at 2 years of age and 70.5% at 4 years. There were no significant differences by gender at 2 years of age (p=1) or at 4 years (p=0.37). Two year-old children have significantly fewer carious lesions and gingivitis less frequently than four-year-olds (p=<.001). Conclusion: Two year-old children have a lower prevalence of carious lesions and gingivitis than four-year-old ones. No relationship between the variables and gender was found

Chamber specific expression of Myosin heavy chain 7b in the heart of vertebrates

In extant vertebrates, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) 6 and 7 are the main isoforms of atrial and ventricular myocardium respectively, whereas MyHC7b has been proposed to be an ancient cardiac isoform only expressed during embryonic development in modern species. In preliminary immunohistochemical studies of the heart of the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula; Chondrichthyes), we have observed that while MF20 labels homogeneously all the myocardium, A4.1025 labels the inflow cardiac segments (sinus venosus and atrium) but not the outflow segments (ventricle and conus arteriosus). In order to interpret these results, we have performed western and slot blots from samples of dogfish and hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) hearts, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS from dogfish samples, and immunohistochemistry in hearts of representative species of vertebrates, namely elasmobranchs, polypteriforms, acipenseriforms, teleosts and mammals, using MF20 and A4.1025 antibodies. Western and slot blot results confirmed the specificity of MF20 and A4.1025 for MyHC in dogfish, as well as their differential reactivity against different myocardial segments. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS using protein databases from Callorhinchus milii (Chondrichthyes) and Chordata revealed the presence of MyHC6 and 7 in all the dogfish myocardial segments, and of MyHC7b only in the outflow segments. Immunohistochemistry showed that while MF20 signals were homogeneous in all the myocardial segments of all the species studied, A4.1025 signals were restricted to the inflow myocardial segments in elasmobranchs, homogeneous in teleosts and acipenseriforms, and low in the ventricle of polypteriforms. It can be inferred that the A4.1025 antibody, as opposed to MF20, has a low affinity for MyHC7b, at least in the dogfish. In addition, we show that MyHC distribution in the cardiac chambers has changed during the evolution of gnathostomes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.Study supported by grants CGL2017-85090-P and CGL2014-52356-P (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), FPU15/03209 (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte), contract UMAJI75 (Junta de Andalucía, European Social Found), FEDER and Universidad de Málaga