Determination of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil using a methacrylate-based polymer modified with gold nanoparticles as solid-phase extraction sorbent

This paper describes a novel and sensitive method for extraction, preconcentration, and determination of two important widely used fungicides, azoxystrobin, and chlorothalonil. The developed methodology is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a polymeric material functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as sorbent followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD). Several experimental variables that affect the extraction efficiency such as the eluent volume, sample flow rate, and salt addition were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the sorbent provided satisfactory enrichment efficiency for both fungicides, high selectivity and excellent reusability (> 120 re-uses). The proposed method allowed the detection of 0.05 mu g L-1 of the fungicides and gave satisfactory recoveries (75-95 %) when it was applied to drinking and environmental water samples (river, well, tap, irrigation, spring, and sea waters).This work was supported by project CTQ2014-52765-R (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)) and PROMETEO/2016/145 (Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain).Catalá-Icardo, M.; Gómez Benito, C.; Simo Alfonso, E.; Herrero Martinez, JM. (2017). Determination of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil using a methacrylate-based polymer modified with gold nanoparticles as solid-phase extraction sorbent. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 409(1):243-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9993-yS2432504091Leitão S, Cerejeira MJ, Van den Brink PJ, Paulo Sousa J. 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Multiresidue determination of pesticides in malt beverages by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring. J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52:6361–72.Walorczyk S, Gnusowski B. Fast and sensitive determination of pesticide residues in vegetables using low-pressure gas chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr A. 2006;1128:236–43.Leandro CC, Hancock O, Fussell RJ, Keely BJ. Quantification and screening of pesticide residues in food by gas chromatography–exact mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1166:152–62.Ono Y, Yamagami T, Nishina T, Tobino T. Pesticide multiresidue analysis of 303 compounds using supercritical fluid extraction. Anal Sci. 2006;22:1473–6.Walorczyk S. Development of a multi-residue screening method for the determination of pesticides in cereals and dry animal feed using gas chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1165:200–12.Guedes TJ, Heleno FF, Amaral MO, Pinto NAVD, de Queiroz MELR, da Silva DF, et al. A simple and efficient method employing solid–liquid extraction with low-temperature partitioning for the determination/monitoring of pesticide residues in strawberries by GC/ECD. J Braz Chem Soc. 2014;25:1520–7.Słowik-Borowiec M. Validation of a QuEChERS-based gas chromatographic method for multiresidue pesticide analysis in fresh peppermint including studies of matrix effects. Food Anal Methods. 2015;8:1413–24.El Mouden OI, Salghi R, Zougagh M, Ríos A, Chakir A, El Rachidi M, et al. Pesticide residue levels in peppers cultivated in Souss Masa valley (Morocco) after multiple applications of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 2013;93:499–510.Yang M, Xi X, Wu X, Lu R, Zhou W, Zhang S, et al. Vortex-assisted magnetic β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite-linked ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the fast determination of four fungicides in water samples. J Chromatogr A. 2015;1381:37–47.Buszewski B, Szultka M. Past, present, and future of solid phase extraction: a review. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2012;42:198–213.Żwir-Ferenc A, Biziuk M. Solid phase extraction technique—trends, opportunities and applications. Pol J Environ Stud. 2006;15:677–90.Bielicka-Daszkiewicz K, Voelkel A. Theoretical and experimental methods of determination of the breakthrough volume of SPE sorbents. Talanta. 2009;80:614–21.Liu K, Aggarwal P, Lawson JS, Tolley HD, Lee ML. Organic monoliths for high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci. 2013;36:2767–81.Tasfiyati AN, Iftitah ED, Sakti SP, Sabarudin A. Evaluation of glycidyl methacrylate-based monolith functionalized with weak anion exchange moiety inside 0.5 mm i.d. column for liquid chromatographic separation of DNA. Anal Chem Res. 2016;7:9–16.Svec F, Lv Y. Advances and recent trends in the field of monolithic columns for chromatography. Anal Chem. 2015;87:250–73.Tong S, Liu S, Wang H, Jia Q. Recent advances of polymer monolithic columns functionalized with micro/nanomaterials: synthesis and application. Chromatographia. 2014;77:5–14.Lv Y, Maya Alejandro F, Fréchet JMJ, Svec F. Preparation of porous polymer monoliths featuring enhanced surface coverage with gold nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A. 2012;1261:121–8.Connolly D, Twamley B, Paull B. High-capacity gold nanoparticle functionalised polymer monoliths. Chem Commun. 2010;46:2109–11.Wang X, Du Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Pan Y, Wu T, et al. Fast enrichment and ultrasensitive in-situ detection of pesticide residues on oranges with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based on Au nanoparticles decorated glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate material. Food Control. 2014;46:108–14.Vergara-Barberán M, Lerma-García MJ, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM. Solid-phase extraction based on ground methacrylate monolith modified with gold nanoparticles for isolation of proteins. Anal Chim Acta. 2016;917:37–43.Prasad BB, Jauhari D, Tiwari MP. Doubly imprinted polymer nanofilm-modified electrochemical sensor for ultra-trace simultaneous analysis of glyphosate and glufosinate. Biosens Bioelectron. 2014;59:81–8.Tan X, Hu Q, Wu J, Li X, Li P, Yu H, et al. Electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles modified electrode for detection of carbofuran. Sensors Actuators B. 2015;220:216–21.Matsui J, Takayose M, Akamatsu K, Nawafune H, Tamaki K, Sugimoto N. 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Preparation of organic monolithic columns in polytetrafluoroethylene tubes for reversed-phase liquid chromatography

[EN] In this work, a method for the preparation and anchoring of polymeric monoliths in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing as a column housing for microbore HPLC is described. In order to assure a covalent attachment of the monolith to the inner wall of the PTFE tube, a two-step procedure was developed. Two surface etching reagents, a commercial sodium naphthalene solution (Fluoroetch®), or mixtures of H2O2 and H2SO4, were tried and compared. Then, the obtained hydroxyl groups on the PTFE surface were modified by methacryloylation. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the successful modification of the tubing wall and the stable anchorage of monolith to the wall, respectively. Special emphasis was also put on the reduction of the unwanted effects of shrinking of monolith during polymerization, by using an external proper mold and by selecting the adequate monomers in order to increase the flexibility of the polymer. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) monoliths were in situ synthesized by thermal polymerization within the confines of surface-vinylized PTFE tubes. The modified PTFE tubing tightly held the monolith, and the monolithic column exhibited good pressure resistance up to 20 MPa. The column performance was also evaluated via the isocratic separation of a series of alkylbenzenes in the reversed-phase mode. The optimized monolithic columns gave plate heights ranged between 70 and 80 um. The resulting monoliths were also satisfactorily applied to the separation of proteins.This work was supported by projects CTQ2014-52765-R (MINECO of Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER) and PROMETEO/2016/145 (Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain). The authors also thank Dr. P. Amoros del Toro from Institute of Materials Science (University of Valencia) and Dr. S. Armenta from Department of Analytical Chemistry for their help in surface area and FT-IR measurements, respectively.Catalá-Icardo, M.; Torres-Cartas, S.; Meseguer-Lloret, S.; Gómez Benito, C.; Carrasco-Correa, E.; Simó-Alfonso, EF.; Ramis-Ramos, G.... (2017). Preparation of organic monolithic columns in polytetrafluoroethylene tubes for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta. 960:160-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.01216016796

Metodología aplicada en el estudio del desarrollo del lenguaje en niños con detección temprana de la hipoacusia neonatal

Producción CientíficaDado que el potencial discapacitante que causa la deficiencia auditiva neonatal disminuye con una detección e intervención tempranas, hemos elaborado un proyecto de investigación, con el que nos proponemos conocer el grado de desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños y niñas que procedentes del cribado auditivo universal, han sido diagnosticados/as por nosotros de hipoacusia prelingual en estos últimos 15 años y analizar las variables determinantes y las que son modificables. El objeto de esta comunicación consistirá en presentar la metodología que vamos a utilizar. Método: Partimos de los datos almacenados en nuestro Servicio de ORL, que comprende a 282 niños con hipoacusia. Hemos tenido la oportunidad de crear un grupo de investigación en el que coincidimos especialistas de la audición infantil y del lenguaje, por lo que contamos con medios suficientes para el estudio. Resultados: Describimos los elementos que configuran este proyecto, en relación al equipo de trabajo y a su desarrollo. Tras aplicar unos criterios de exclusión/inclusión, hemos seleccionado a un grupo de 45 niños entre 3 y 15 años, definiendo sus características auditivas. Mediante pruebas específicas, adaptadas a la edad, estudiaremos los diferentes aspectos del lenguaje; y a través Rev. ORL, 20xx, x x de una entrevista estructurada realizada a los padres, intentaremos determinar las variables que influyen en el proceso re-habilitador. Finalmente, los datos serán analizados estadísticamente. Discusión: La variabilidad y la escasa prevalencia de la hipoacusia infantil, dificultan la realización de estudios con población suficiente para obtener resultados estadísticamente significativos. Sin embargo, creemos que el grupo de niños seleccionado y la metodología utilizada nos permitirán conocer mejor las variables influyentes en el desarrollo del lenguaje. Conclusiones: El programa de cribado auditivo universal ha permitido una intervención más precoz, lo que debería mejorar los niveles de lenguaje de los niños detectados/as con hipoacusia. Aunque el desarrollo normalizado de la comunicación depende de otros factores difíciles de determinar, a través del protocolo presentado pretendemos equiparar estos resultados, validando el proceso de cribado/diagnóstico e intervención de nuestro medio.Universidad de Valladoli

Cellular and humoral functional responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination differ longitudinally between naive and subjects recovered from COVID-19

We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4+ T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time.C.d.F., J.G.-P., and J.A. are supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII). We thank JM Ligos and Cytek Biosciences for their technical support. Research in E.L.-C.’s lab was supported by Fundación Familia Alonso, Santander Bank, Real Seguros, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Fundación Uria, Fundación La Caixa, and Ayuntamiento de Madrid.S

Estudio preliminar sobre una posible inhibición dopaminérgia en la reproducción del lenguado senegalés (Solea senegalensis)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del sistema dopaminérgico sobre la reproducción del lenguado senegalés (Solea senegalensis). Para ello, reproductores de lenguado senegalés nacidos y criados en cautividad (generación F1) fueron tratados con 1) GnRHa, 2) inhibidor dopaminérgico (pimozide) o 3) un tratamiento combinado (GnRHa + pimozide). El efecto de los tratamientos se evaluó a nivel de producción de huevos y esperma (cantidad y calidad); además se estudió el efecto sobre niveles plasmáticos de esteroides sexuales y desarrollo gonadal (histología). Las hembras no mostraron una estimulación en la ocurrencia de puestas por el tratamiento combinado GnRHa + pimozide respecto a aquellas tratadas solo con GnRHa. Sin embargo, los machos que recibieron el tratamiento combinado mostraron una mayor estimulación en la producción de esperma y en el grado de maduración testicular respecto a aquellos que recibieron solo GnRHa o pimozide. Los resultados indican que el sistema dopaminérgico no parece ejercer una acción fuerte sobre la ocurrencia de puestas en hembras, aunque podría estimular la espermiación en machos de lenguado senegalés.Preliminary study on dopaminergic inhibition in Senegalese sole reproduction (Solea senegalensis) The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the dopaminergic system on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) reproduction. For this purpose, Senegalese sole breeders hatched and raised in captivity (F1 generation) were treated with 1) GnRHa, 2) a well-known dopaminergic inhibitor (pimozide) or 3) a combined treatment (GnRHa + pimozide). The effect of each treatment was determined by studying spawning occurrence and sperm (quantity and quality); in addition, effects on sex steroids levels and on gonadal development (histology) were also considered. Females did not show any improvement of spawning occurrence by combining GnRHa and pimozide respect to those females treated only with GnRHa. However, males which received the combined treatment showed a greater stimulation of sperm production and testicular maturity than those males treated with a single GnRHa or pimozide treatment. Our results indicate that dopaminergic system do not seem to play a strong action on eggs spawning in females, but may stimulate spermiation in Senegalese sole males

Proteomic Profile Associated With Loss of Spontaneous Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Elite Control

[Background] Elite controllers (ECs) spontaneously control plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA without antiretroviral therapy. However, 25% lose virological control over time. The aim of this work was to study the proteomic profile that preceded this loss of virological control to identify potential biomarkers.[Methods] Plasma samples from ECs who spontaneously lost virological control (transient controllers [TCs]), at 2 years and 1 year before the loss of control, were compared with a control group of ECs who persistently maintained virological control during the same follow-up period (persistent controllers [PCs]). Comparative plasma shotgun proteomics was performed with tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric tag labeling and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry.[Results] Eighteen proteins exhibited differences comparing PC and preloss TC timepoints. These proteins were involved in proinflammatory mechanisms, and some of them play a role in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis and interact with structural viral proteins. Coagulation factor XI, α-1-antichymotrypsin, ficolin-2, 14-3-3 protein, and galectin-3-binding protein were considered potential biomarkers.[Conclusions] The proteomic signature associated with the spontaneous loss of virological control was characterized by higher levels of inflammation, transendothelial migration, and coagulation. Galectin-3 binding protein could be considered as potential biomarker for the prediction of virological progression and as therapeutic target in ECs.This work was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondos Europeos para el Desarrollo Regional (grant numbers PI10/02635, PI13/00796, and PI16/00503 to F. V.; PI12/02283, PI16/00684, and CPII014/00025 to E. R.-M.; FI14/00431 to L. T.-D.; and CP14/00198 to N. R.); Programa de Suport als Grups de Recerca (grant numbers 2017SGR948 and 2014SGR250); the Gilead Fellowship Program (grant numbers GLD14/293 and GLD17/00299); the Red de Investigación en Sida (grant numbers RD12/0017/0005, RD16/0025/0006, RD12/0017/0029, RD16/0025/0020, and RD12/0017/0031, RD16/0025/0013); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain (grant number SAF2015-66193-R); and the Spanish Ministry of Education (grant number FPU13/02451 to B. D. M). E. R.-M. is supported by Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social of Junta de Andalucía through the Nicolás Monardes program (C-0032/17). F. V. is supported by a grant from the Programa de Intensificación de Investigadores, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers INT11/240, INT12/282, and INT15/226). A. R. is supported by a grant from the Acció Instrumental d’incorporació de científics i tecnòlegs (PERIS SLT002/16/00101), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya.Peer reviewe

Physical therapy in unilateral and bilateral vestibular hypofunction

[ES] Introducción: La rehabilitación vestibular (RV) basada en la terapia física, tiene el objetivo, en el caso de patología vestibular, de inducir la compensación del sistema nervioso central (SNC) a nivel de núcleos vestibulares y de otros niveles del SNC. Incluye ejercicios de habituación, adaptación y sustitución vestibular, ejercicios para mejorar el equilibrio y el control postural dinámico y ejercicios para el acondicionamiento general. En este capítulo discutimos los recientes avances sobre el adiestramiento del equilibrio y de la marcha, la estabilidad de la mirada y la habituación, en el contexto de los trastornos vestibulares uni y bilaterales. Método: Revisión narrativa. Resultados: Los ejercicios se prescriben para mejorar la función; fortaleciendo, y favoreciendo la flexibilidad y la resistencia, a través de la adaptación del RVO, la habituación, la sustitución sensorial, la marcha y el equilibrio postural. Son más eficaces los programas personalizados que los genéricos. El cumplimiento mejora con la personalización y las visitas de seguimiento a un fisioterapeuta. Discusión/Conclusiones: La RV permite mejorar el déficit funcional y los síntomas subjetivos derivados de la hipofunción vestibular periférica uni y bilateral, así como las alteraciones del equilibrio de origen central. Los objetivos de la RV consisten en reducir los síntomas para mejorar la estabilidad postural y de la mirada (particularmente durante los movimientos de la cabeza) y devolver al individuo a sus actividades normales, incluyendo la actividad física, la conducción y el trabajo habitual. Los médicos deben ofrecer la RV a quienes muestren limitaciones funcionales relacionadas con un déficit vestibular, pues actualmente se considera el tratamiento estándar en la disfunción vestibular periférica

Methodology applied in the study of the language development in children with early detection of neonatal hearing loss.

Introducción y objetivo: Dado que el potencial discapacitante que causa la deficiencia auditiva neonatal disminuye con una detección e intervención tempranas, hemos elaborado un proyecto de investigación, con el que nos proponemos conocer el grado de desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños y niñas que procedentes del cribado auditivo universal, han sido diagnosticados/as por nosotros de hipoacusia prelingual en estos últimos 15 años y analizar las variables determinantes y las que son modificables. El objeto de esta comunicación consistirá en presentar la metodología que vamos a utilizar. Método: Partimos de los datos almacenados en nuestro Servicio de ORL, que comprende a 282 niños con hipoacusia. Hemos tenido la oportunidad de crear un grupo de investigación en el que coincidimos especialistas de la audición infantil y del lenguaje, por lo que contamos con medios suficientes para el estudio. Resultados: Describimos los elementos que configuran este proyecto, en relación al equipo de trabajo y a su desarrollo. Tras aplicar unos criterios de exclusión/inclusión, hemos seleccionado a un grupo de 45 niños entre 3 y 15 años, definiendo sus características auditivas. Mediante pruebas específicas, adaptadas a la edad, estudiaremos los diferentes aspectos del lenguaje; y a través de una entrevista estructurada realizada a los padres, intentaremos determinar las variables que influyen en el proceso re-habilitador. Finalmente, los datos serán analizados estadísticamente. Discusión: La variabilidad y la escasa prevalencia de la hipoacusia infantil, dificultan la realización de estudios con población suficiente para obtener resultados estadísticamente significativos. Sin embargo, creemos que el grupo de niños seleccionado y la metodología utilizada nos permitirán conocer mejor las variables influyentes en el desarrollo del lenguaje. Conclusiones: El programa de cribado auditivo universal ha permitido una intervención más precoz, lo que debería mejorar los niveles de lenguaje de los niños detectados/as con hipoacusia. Aunque el desarrollo normalizado de la comunicación depende de otros factores difíciles de determinar, a través del protocolo presentado pretendemos equiparar estos resultados, validando el proceso de cribado/diagnóstico e intervención de nuestro medio.Introduction and objective: Given that the disabling potential causing neonatal hearing impairment decreases with early detection and intervention, we have drawn up a research project, with which we intend to know the degree of development of the language of children and girls than from the universal hearing screening, have been diagnosed for us of prelingual hearing loss in the last 15 years and analyze the determining variables and which are modifiable. The object of this communication will be to present the methodology that we use. Method: We assume the data stored on our ENT service, including 282 children with hearing loss. We have had the opportunity to create a research group in which we agree ENT and language specialists so we have resources sufficient for the study. Results: We describe the elements that make up this project in relation to the team and to its development. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, we have selected a group of 45 children between 3 and 15 years, defining their auditory characteristics. Through specific tests, adapted to the age, we will study the different aspects of the language; and through a structured interview parents, we try to determine the variables that influence the rehabilitator process. Finally, the data will be analyzed statistically. Discussion: The variability and the low prevalence of infant hearing loss, make it difficult studies with sufficient population to obtain statistically significant results. However, we believe that the group of children and the methodology selected will allow us to learn more about the influential in the development of the language variables. Conclusions: The hearing screening program allowed us to earlier intervention, which should improve the levels of language of children detected with hearing loss. Although the standard development of communication depends on other factors difficult to determine, through the presented protocol we equate these findings, validating the process of screening/diagnosis and intervention of our environment