A further analysis of the weight status and dietary characteristics of people reporting food insecurity in NSW: NSW Population Health Survey data 2007 and 2008.

Food security refers to the ability to acquire appropriate and nutritious food on a regular and reliable basis. The NSW Population Health Survey uses a single item indicator of individual and household level food insecurity which measures financial access to food by asking the question “In the last 12 months, were there any times that you ran out of food and couldn’t afford to buy more?” The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between food insecurity and dietary habits in the NSW population, using data from the 2007 and 2008 NSW Population Health Surveys. Dietary habits of interest comprised the frequency of consumption of energy dense nutrient poor (EDNP) foods and drinks, as well as intake of fruit and vegetables. This study explores self reported data from the 2007 and 2008 New South Wales Population Health Surveys. Six dietary intake variables were included for this analysis based on their relevance to chronic disease and weight gain: vegetable intake, fruit intake, soft drink, hot chip, salty snacks and takeaway food consumption. Responses on these variables were dichotomised into ‘healthier’/’unhealthier’ categories

A further analysis of the weight status and dietary characteristics of people reporting food insecurity in NSW: NSW Population Health Survey data 2007 and 2008.

Food security refers to the ability to acquire appropriate and nutritious food on a regular and reliable basis. The NSW Population Health Survey uses a single item indicator of individual and household level food insecurity which measures financial access to food by asking the question “In the last 12 months, were there any times that you ran out of food and couldn’t afford to buy more?” The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between food insecurity and dietary habits in the NSW population, using data from the 2007 and 2008 NSW Population Health Surveys. Dietary habits of interest comprised the frequency of consumption of energy dense nutrient poor (EDNP) foods and drinks, as well as intake of fruit and vegetables. This study explores self reported data from the 2007 and 2008 New South Wales Population Health Surveys. Six dietary intake variables were included for this analysis based on their relevance to chronic disease and weight gain: vegetable intake, fruit intake, soft drink, hot chip, salty snacks and takeaway food consumption. Responses on these variables were dichotomised into ‘healthier’/’unhealthier’ categories

An Examination of the Demographic Characteristics and Dietary Intake of People Who Meet the Physical Activity Guidelines: NSW Population Health Survey Data 2007

The purpose of this report is to examine the association between physical activity and dietary intake using self reported data from the 2007 NSW Population Health Survey. This report first investigates whether being physically active is associated with healthy dietary behaviours, and then describes the sociodemographic profile of physically active people who do not engage in healthy eating behaviours. Overall, results showed that older people, especially men, tend to do less physical activity compared to younger people, and that obese women were less likely to meet physical activity guidelines compared to healthy weight women. Those who reported a higher intake of fruits and vegetables and/or a lower consumption of soft drinks were more likely to meet the physical activity guidelines. Findings also indicate that among those meeting the physical activity guidelines, men were more likely to report a lower intake of vegetables and a higher consumption of soft drinks and takeaway foods compared to women. Among active people, young people were at a higher risk of unhealthy eating than older age groups. This study strongly supports the hypothesis that physical activity and dietary habits are correlated behaviours, which is consistent with other research findings. The gender and age differences in the association of these health behaviours suggest the value of targeting specific population groups for future interventions

NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) 2010: Full Report.

NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey 2010 is the fourth in a series of monitoring surveys that have been conducted in NSW. The survey provides a comprehensive overview of weight and weight-related behaviours of school children in the state. The NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) 2010 is the fourth in a series of school-based surveys of NSW school students which provides valuable trend information on weight status and associated behaviours of the NSW school-age population. The survey has been designed to update information provided by the 1985 Australian Health and Fitness survey (NSW cases) and previous NSW surveys of school children conducted in 1997 and 2004, and report on the trajectory of the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and on key modifiable weight-related behaviours

NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) 2010: Short Report.

This short report comprises a summary of the full report. The NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) is conducted periodically by the NSW Ministry of Health to monitor weight and weight related behaviours of NSW school-aged children. SPANS surveys have been conducted in 1985, 1997, 2004 and 2010. Over this 25 year period, the survey has produced internationally significant evidence on childhood overweight and obesity and its determinants, which has proven useful to policy makers with a focus on population health

The valine and lysine residues in the conserved FxVTxK motif are important for the function of phylogenetically distant plant cellulose synthases

Cellulose synthases (CESAs) synthesize the β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls. In addition to a large cytosolic (catalytic) domain, CESAs have eight predicted transmembrane helices (TMHs). However, analogous to the structure of BcsA, a bacterial cellulose synthase, predicted TMH5 in CESA may instead be an interfacial helix. This would place the conserved FxVTxK motif in the plant cell cytosol where it could function as a substrate-gating loop as occurs in BcsA. To define the functional importance of the CESA region containing FxVTxK, we tested five parallel mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana CESA1 and Physcomitrella patens CESA5 in complementation assays of the relevant cesa mutants. In both organisms, the substitution of the valine or lysine residues in FxVTxK severely affected CESA function. In Arabidopsis roots, both changes were correlated with lower cellulose anisotropy, as revealed by Pontamine Fast Scarlet. Analysis of hypocotyl inner cell wall layers by atomic force microscopy showed that two altered versions of Atcesa1 could rescue cell wall phenotypes observed in the mutant background line. Overall, the data show that the FxVTxK motif is functionally important in two phylogenetically distant plant CESAs. The results show that Physcomitrella provides an efficient model for assessing the effects of engineered CESA mutations affecting primary cell wall synthesis and that diverse testing systems can lead to nuanced insights into CESA structure/function relationships. Although CESA membrane topology needs to be experimentally determined, the results support the possibility that the FxVTxK region functions similarly in CESA and BcsA

Respiratory Health Effects of Exposure to Low-NOx Unflued Gas Heaters in the Classroom: A Double-Blind, Cluster-Randomized, Crossover Study

There are long-standing concerns about adverse effects of gas appliances on respiratory health. However, the potential adverse effect of low-NOx (nitrogen oxide) unflued gas heaters on children’s health has not been assessed. Our goal was to compare the respiratory health effects and air quality consequences of exposure to low-NOx unflued gas heaters with exposure to non–indoor-air-emitting flued gas heaters in school classrooms. We conducted a double-blind, cluster-randomized, crossover study in 400 primary school students attending 22 schools in New South Wales, Australia. Children measured their lung function and recorded symptoms and medication use twice daily. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and formaldehyde concentrations were measured in classrooms using passive diffusion badges.NO₂ concentrations were, on average, 1.8 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–2.1] and formaldehyde concentrations were, on average, 9.4 ppb higher (95% CI, 5.7–13.1) during exposure to unflued gas versus flued gas heaters. Exposure to the unflued gas heaters was associated with increased cough reported in the evening [odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01–1.34] and wheeze reported in the morning (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04–1.83). The association with wheeze was greater in atopic subjects. There was no evidence of an adverse effect on lung function. We conclude that classroom exposure to low-NOx unflued gas heaters causes increased respiratory symptoms, particularly in atopic children, but is not associated with significant decrements in lung function. It is important to seek alternative sources of heating that do not have adverse effects on health

Reduction of missed appointments at an urban primary care clinic: a randomised controlled study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Missed appointments are known to interfere with appropriate care and to misspend medical and administrative resources. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a sequential intervention reminding patients of their upcoming appointment and to identify the profile of patients missing their appointments.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a randomised controlled study in an urban primary care clinic at the Geneva University Hospitals serving a majority of vulnerable patients. All patients booked in a primary care or HIV clinic at the Geneva University Hospitals were sent a reminder 48 hrs prior to their appointment according to the following sequential intervention: 1. Phone call (fixed or mobile) reminder; 2. If no phone response: a Short Message Service (SMS) reminder; 3. If no available mobile phone number: a postal reminder. The rate of missed appointment, the cost of the intervention, and the profile of patients missing their appointment were recorded.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>2123 patients were included: 1052 in the intervention group, 1071 in the control group. Only 61.7% patients had a mobile phone recorded at the clinic. The sequential intervention significantly reduced the rate of missed appointments: 11.4% (n = 122) in the control group and 7.8% (n = 82) in the intervention group (p < 0.005), and allowed to reallocate 28% of cancelled appointments. It also proved to be cost effective in providing a total net benefit of 1846. - EUR/3 months. A satisfaction survey conducted with 241 patients showed that 93% of them were not bothered by the reminders and 78% considered them to be useful. By multivariate analysis, the following characteristics were significant predictors of missed appointments: younger age (OR per additional decade 0.82; CI 0.71-0.94), male gender (OR 1.72; CI 1.18-2.50), follow-up appointment >1year (OR 2.2; CI: 1.15-4.2), substance abuse (2.09, CI 1.21-3.61), and being an asylum seeker (OR 2.73: CI 1.22-6.09).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A practical reminder system can significantly increase patient attendance at medical outpatient clinics. An intervention focused on specific patient characteristics could further increase the effectiveness of appointment reminders.</p

A clinically compatible drug-screening platform based on organotypic cultures identifies vulnerabilities to prevent and treat brain metastasis

We report a medium‐throughput drug‐screening platform (METPlatform) based on organotypic cultures that allows to evaluate inhibitors against metastases growing in situ. By applying this approach to the unmet clinical need of brain metastasis, we identified several vulnerabilities. Among them, a blood–brain barrier permeable HSP90 inhibitor showed high potency against mouse and human brain metastases at clinically relevant stages of the disease, including a novel model of local relapse after neurosurgery. Furthermore, in situ proteomic analysis applied to metastases treated with the chaperone inhibitor uncovered a novel molecular program in brain metastasis, which includes biomarkers of poor prognosis and actionable mechanisms of resistance. Our work validates METPlatform as a potent resource for metastasis research integrating drug‐screening and unbiased omic approaches that is compatible with human samples. Thus, this clinically relevant strategy is aimed to personalize the management of metastatic disease in the brain and elsewhere

A remarkable synergistic effect at the transcriptomic level in peach fruits doubly infected by Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Peach latent mosaic viroid

[EN] Background: Microarray profiling is a powerful technique to investigate expression changes of large amounts of genes in response to specific environmental conditions. The majority of the studies investigating gene expression changes in virus-infected plants are limited to interactions between a virus and a model host plant, which usually is Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana. In the present work, we performed microarray profiling to explore changes in the expression profile of field-grown Prunus persica (peach) originating from Chile upon single and double infection with Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), worldwide natural pathogens of peach trees. Results: Upon single PLMVd or PNRSV infection, the number of statistically significant gene expression changes was relatively low. By contrast, doubly-infected fruits presented a high number of differentially regulated genes. Among these, down-regulated genes were prevalent. Functional categorization of the gene expression changes upon double PLMVd and PNRSV infection revealed protein modification and degradation as the functional category with the highest percentage of repressed genes whereas induced genes encoded mainly proteins related to phosphate, C-compound and carbohydrate metabolism and also protein modification. Overrepresentation analysis upon double infection with PLMVd and PNRSV revealed specific functional categories over- and underrepresented among the repressed genes indicating active counter-defense mechanisms of the pathogens during infection. Conclusions: Our results identify a novel synergistic effect of PLMVd and PNRSV on the transcriptome of peach fruits. We demonstrate that mixed infections, which occur frequently in field conditions, result in a more complex transcriptional response than that observed in single infections. Thus, our data demonstrate for the first time that the simultaneous infection of a viroid and a plant virus synergistically affect the host transcriptome in infected peach fruits. These field studies can help to fully understand plant-pathogen interactions and to develop appropriate crop protection strategies.We thank Drs M.A. Perez-Amador y J. Gadea for helping in the result analysis. This work was supported by grant BIO2011-25018 from the Spanish granting agency Direccion General de Investigacion Cientifica for the transcriptomic analyses and from the grant 2009CL0020 from the bilateral project INIA-Chile/CSIC-Spain for the phytosanitary evaluation. MC Herranz was the recipient of a contract from the Juan de la Cierva program of the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain.Herranz Gordo, MDC.; Niehl, A.; Rosales, M.; Fiore, N.; Zamorano, A.; Granell Richart, A.; Pallás Benet, V. (2013). 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