186 research outputs found
Cine y género en la posguerra española
En este artículo se exploran los modelos de feminidad en el cine exhibido en los primeros años de la posguerra española, tanto el que proviene de la cinematografía nacional como el que lo hace de la cinematografía hollywoodiense, puesto que ésta última era la que más aplauso de público suscitaba en España, a través del estudio de ambas cinematografías y del análisis de género en los filmes más exitosos de la época. Para ello se abordan las relaciones entre cine e historia como un modo renovado de acercarse al pasado, así como se explora el peso de los medios de comunicación de masas (concretamente el cinematográfico) a la hora de consolidar y reproducir los significados de la feminidad histórica y culturalmente construidos
Female representations through Hollywood musical cinema in the Spain of the 50’s
This article aims to approximate systems of representation of the feminine through the Hollywood musical films exhibited in Spain during the 50s, using tools such as cultural and gender history, considering that the musical numbers are vital importance as they are the pieces which primarily establish and symbolize power relationships between female and male characters. As it´s well known, the Francoism gave women a fundamental role. Women became a key element in the social and economical policy of dominance, as they were the main tool to reproduce and consolidate the social basis of the «New State». In this sense, keeping in mind that the meanings of masculinity and feminity have been historically and culturally constructed and starting from the hypothesis that cinema is a social influence, it´s interesting to look into the female examples presented to Spanish women during the age through Hollywood films, given that going to the cinema by that time was one of the most popular ways of entertainment.Este trabajo pretende aproximarse a los sistemas de representación de lo femenino a través del cine musical de Hollywood exhibido en España durante la década de los 50, utilizando para ello como herramientas la Historia cultural y de género, teniendo en cuenta que los números musicales tienen una importancia vital en el relato constituyéndose en las piezas que fundamentalmente establecen y simbolizan las relaciones de poder que se dan entre los personajes masculinos y femeninos. Como es sabido, el franquismo otorgó un papel fundamental a las mujeres, que se convirtieron en una pieza clave para su política de dominio social y económico pues ellas fueron el instrumento para reproducir y consolidar la base social del “Nuevo Estado”. En este sentido, teniendo en cuenta que los significados de la masculinidad y la feminidad han sido histórica y culturalmente construidos y partiendo de la hipótesis de que el cine influye socialmente, resulta interesante indagar cuáles eran los ejemplos femeninos que les eran presentados a las mujeres españolas de la época a través de la cinematografía de Hollywood, puesto que ir al cine en la España de aquellos años era una de las formas de ocio más popular
Marketing mix effects on private labels brand equity
The present study explores some marketing mix effects on private labels brand equity creation. The research aims to study the effect of some elements under retailer's direct control such as in-store communications, in-store promotions and distribution intensity as well as other general marketing mix levers such as advertising, perceived price, and monetary promotions. The results indicate that the most efficient marketing mix tools for private label brand equity creation are private labels in-store communications, private labels distribution intensity and the perceived price. These results highlight the importance of the store as a key driver for the private labels brand equity creation. As opposed to manufacturer brands we find no effect of advertising on the private labels brand equity and an opposite effect of the perceived price. This study is a pioneering contribution in the domain of private labels brand equity research exploring a more comprehensive and in-store specific set of marketing mix initiatives as sources of brand equity. The results suggest important implications for retailers when managing their own brands
Analysis of the ergonomics fits the work place on one sample of students of computing engineering
Introducción: La ergonomía realiza una adaptación del trabajo con respecto al hombre. El puesto informático requiere un
trabajo prolongado, adoptando posturas incorrectas a causa de una mala disposición del mobiliario, por lo que ergonomía e
informática se funden creando un ancho camino de posibilidades para crear la comodidad y eficacia ante el trabajo, y lo que
es más importante para conseguir una mejora de la salud de estos profesionales.
Hemos realizado un estudio sobre estudiantes de informática para comprobar su conocimiento de la ergonomía y lo que
su aplicación conlleva, y para saber si sufren alguna molestia a causa de este trabajo. Por otro lado, hemos realizado una
revisión bibliográfica sobre el diseño de un puesto de trabajo con ordenador.
Hemos averiguado que los estudiantes conocen la ergonomía pero no la aplican, y que un importante numero de ellos
padece molestias a causa de sus posturas frente al ordenador, siendo la zona cervical y los hombros la más afectada, dato
que coincide con algunos estudios realizados sobre trabajadores relacionados con las Pantallas de Visualización de Datos
(P.V.D.). También hemos ido descubriendo el gran abanico de factores importantes y necesarios a tener en cuenta, para poder
adaptar el puesto de trabajo y la amplia controversia entre autores sobre las distintas medidas para adaptar el lugar de
trabajo. Destacamos también algunas de las explicaciones biomecánicas del cuerpo humano que ayudan a entender una
adaptación determinada.Terapia y Rehabilitació
Modelos enfrentados: La influencia del cine estadounidense en las mujeres españolas del medio siglo (1949-1961)
Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Historia Contemporánea. Fecha de Lectura: 13-01-2023El triunfo franquista tras la Guerra Civil inauguró un periodo en la Historia de España que significó una importante involución para las mujeres españolas. Las conquistas conseguidas durante la Segunda República fueron barridas por el bando vencedor y las libertades que empezaron a disfrutar las mujeres en el periodo republicano se vieron interrumpidas retornando al tradicional exilio doméstico, que si bien no era nuevo, era recuperado por el discurso del franquismo como parte de su política de control social.
Para reinstaurar este modelo, rescatado del barroquismo y del discurso decimonónico, de mujer recatada, sumisa y dependiente, el Régimen se sirvió de todas las herramientas que pudo, instaurando leyes, normativas, modelos educativos, y creencias, a través de su intervención en todos los aspectos de la cotidianidad, sin embargo, inevitablemente entraron, en esa pretendida jaula cerrada, otras ideas y actitudes que penetraron a través de varios cauces que mostraban a la sociedad que otros mundos eran posibles, a saber, el turismo, la emigración, y también la cinematografía extranjera, sobre todo la procedente de Hollywood, la preferida por el público español, que mostraba otros modelos referenciales femeninos y masculinos de los elaborados por los discursos oficiales. Es particularmente interesante acercarse a esta problemática a través del cine, pues era el principal entretenimiento de los españoles en estos años.
Esta investigación pretende aproximarse al estudio del periodo desde una perspectiva que se sirve de la historia sociocultural y de género para ello, centrando el interés de nuestro estudio en el papel que jugó la cinematografía como herramienta difusora de valores, actitudes y comportamientos en la sociedad española de los años 50 prestando particular atención a las mujeres, pues fueron éstas una de las piezas claves del Régimen en tanto quedaron definidas como guardianas del hogar y de la familia, definida ésta como célula social básica.
El particular interés por la década de los 50 radica en que es éste un decenio bisagra entre los autárquicos años 40 y los desarrollistas 60, entre el estancamiento y el impulso económico y social, constituyéndose en los años fundamentales de consolidación y continuidad para la dictaduraFranco's triumph after the Civil War inaugurated a period in the History of Spain that meant an important involution for Spanish women. The conquests achieved during the Second Republic were swept away by the winning side and the freedoms that women began to enjoy during the Republican period were interrupted, returning to the traditional domestic exile, which, although not new, was recovered by Franco's discourse as part of his policy of social control.
To reinstate this model, rescued from baroque and nineteenth-century discourse, of the demure, submissive and dependent woman, the Regime used all the tools it could, establishing laws, regulations, educational models, and beliefs, through its intervention in all aspects of daily life, however, inevitably entered this supposedly closed cage, other ideas and attitudes that penetrated through various channels that showed society that other worlds were possible, namely, tourism, emigration, and also foreign cinematography, especially that coming from Hollywood, preferred by the Spanish public, which showed other feminine and masculine referential models than those elaborated by the official discourses. It is particularly interesting to approach this issue through the cinema, since it was the main entertainment for Spaniards in those years.
This research aims to approach the study of the period from a perspective that uses sociocultural and gender history to do so, focusing the interest of our study on the role played by cinematography as a tool to disseminate values, attitudes and behaviors in the Spanish society of the 1950s, paying particular attention to women, since they were one of the key pieces of the Regime as they were defined as guardians of the home and the family, defined as the basic social cell.
The particular interest in the decade of the 50's lies in the fact that it is a hinge decade between the autarchic 40's and the developmentalist 60's, between stagnation and economic and social impulse, constituting the fundamental years of consolidation and continuity for the dictatorshi
“LA CIBERADICCIÓN Y SUS RIESGOS”: proyecto de aprendizaje y servicio en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria
Educació
Comparative Analysis of Muscle Transcriptome between Pig Genotypes Identifies Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms Associated to Growth, Fatness and Metabolism.
Iberian ham production includes both purebred (IB) and Duroc-crossbred (IBxDU) Iberian pigs, which show important differences in meat quality and production traits, such as muscle growth and fatness. This experiment was conducted to investigate gene expression differences, transcriptional regulation and genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with the observed phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs. Nine IB and 10 IBxDU pigs were slaughtered at birth. Morphometric measures and blood samples were obtained and samples from Biceps femoris muscle were employed for compositional and transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq technology. Phenotypic differences were evident at this early age, including greater body size and weight in IBxDU and greater Biceps femoris intramuscular fat and plasma cholesterol content in IB newborns. We detected 149 differentially expressed genes between IB and IBxDU neonates (p < 0.01 and Fold-Change > 1. 5). Several were related to adipose and muscle tissues development (DLK1, FGF21 or UBC). The functional interpretation of the transcriptomic differences revealed enrichment of functions and pathways related to lipid metabolism in IB and to cellular and muscle growth in IBxDU pigs. Protein catabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis and immune system were functions enriched in both genotypes. We identified transcription factors potentially affecting the observed gene expression differences. Some of them have known functions on adipogenesis (CEBPA, EGRs), lipid metabolism (PPARGC1B) and myogenesis (FOXOs, MEF2D, MYOD1), which suggest a key role in the meat quality differences existing between IB and IBxDU hams. We also identified several polymorphisms showing differential segregation between IB and IBxDU pigs. Among them, non-synonymous variants were detected in several transcription factors as PPARGC1B and TRIM63 genes, which could be associated to altered gene function. Taken together, these results provide information about candidate genes, metabolic pathways and genetic polymorphisms potentially involved in phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs associated to meat quality and production traits
Growth analysis and blood profile in piglets born by embryo transfer
©2022. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Research in Veterinary Science. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.010Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), besides solving several reproductive problems, it has also been used as a tool to improve the animal productivity that is required for feeding the human population. One of these
techniques, the embryo transfer (ET), has presented limitations in the porcine species, which could constrain its
use in the porcine industry. To clarify the potential of this technique, we aimed to compare the impact of using
ET or artificial insemination (AI) on the phenotype of the offspring during its first days of age, in terms of growth
and blood parameters. At birth, the body weight was higher for ET-females than AI-females, but this difference
was no longer observed at day 15. On day 3, it was observed a higher concentration of red blood cells, haemoglobin, and haematocrit in females-ET and a higher concentration of white blood cells in both ET-derived
piglets (males and females) when compared to AI groups. On day 3, the biochemical analysis showed a higher
level of albumin for ET-derived males, and a lower level of bilirubin for ET-females than AI controls. However, all
values were within the normal ranges. Our results indicate that piglets derived from ET seem to be phenotypically similar to those born by AI, which provides preliminary evidence that the ET procedure is a safe technique, but additional studies beyond 15 days of life are requested to conclude its global impact. Furthermore, the presented reference values of blood parameters in this species are interesting data for the pig industry
Fructose metabolism in Chromohalobacter salexigens: interplay between the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas and Entner–Doudoroff pathways
Background
The halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens metabolizes glucose exclusively through the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway, an adaptation which results in inefficient growth, with significant carbon overflow, especially at low salinity. Preliminary analysis of C. salexigens genome suggests that fructose metabolism could proceed through the Entner–Doudoroff and Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathways. In order to thrive at high salinity, this bacterium relies on the biosynthesis and accumulation of ectoines as major compatible solutes. This metabolic pathway imposes a high metabolic burden due to the consumption of a relevant proportion of cellular resources, including both energy molecules (NADPH and ATP) and carbon building blocks. Therefore, the existence of more than one glycolytic pathway with different stoichiometries may be an advantage for C. salexigens. The aim of this work is to experimentally characterize the metabolism of fructose in C. salexigens.
Results
Fructose metabolism was analyzed using in silico genome analysis, RT-PCR, isotopic labeling, and genetic approaches. During growth on fructose as the sole carbon source, carbon overflow was not observed in a wide range of salt concentrations, and higher biomass yields were reached. We unveiled the initial steps of the two pathways for fructose incorporation and their links to central metabolism. While glucose is metabolized exclusively through the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway, fructose is also partially metabolized by the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) route. Tracking isotopic label from [1-13C] fructose to ectoines revealed that 81% and 19% of the fructose were metabolized through ED and EMP-like routes, respectively. Activities of enzymes from both routes were demonstrated in vitro by 31P-NMR. Genes encoding predicted fructokinase and 1-phosphofructokinase were cloned and the activities of their protein products were confirmed. Importantly, the protein encoded by csal1534 gene functions as fructose bisphosphatase, although it had been annotated previously as pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase. The gluconeogenic rather than glycolytic role of this enzyme in vivo is in agreement with the lack of 6-phosphofructokinase activity previously described.
Conclusions
Overall, this study shows that C. salexigens possesses a greater metabolic flexibility for fructose catabolism, the ED and EMP pathways contributing to a fine balancing of energy and biosynthetic demands and, subsequently, to a more efficient metabolism.University of Murcia and University of Seville was supported by projects: BIO2015-63949-R, BIO2014-54411-C2-1-REuropa MINECO/FEDER RTI2018-094393-B-C21Fundación Séneca (Grant no. 19236/PI/14
Understanding the interplay of carbon and nitrogen supply for ectoines production and metabolic overflow in high density cultures of Chromohalobacter salexigens
Background
The halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens has been proposed as promising cell factory for the production of the compatible solutes ectoine and hydroxyectoine. This bacterium has evolved metabolic adaptations to efficiently grow under high salt concentrations by accumulating ectoines as compatible solutes. However, metabolic overflow, which is a major drawback for the efficient conversion of biological feedstocks, occurs as a result of metabolic unbalances during growth and ectoines production. Optimal production of ectoines is conditioned by the interplay of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. In this work, we set out to determine how nitrogen supply affects the production of ectoines.
Results
Chromohalobacter salexigens was challenged to grow in media with unbalanced carbon/nitrogen ratio. In C. salexigens, overflow metabolism and ectoines production are a function of medium composition. At low ammonium conditions, the growth rate decreased importantly, up to 80%. Shifts in overflow metabolism were observed when changing the C/N ratio in the culture medium. 13C-NMR analysis of ectoines labelling revealed a high metabolic rigidity, with almost constant flux ratios in all conditions assayed. Unbalanced C/N ratio led to pyruvate accumulation, especially upon N-limitation. Analysis of an ect − mutant demonstrated the link between metabolic overflow and ectoine biosynthesis. Under non ectoine synthesizing conditions, glucose uptake and metabolic overflow decreased importantly. Finally, in fed-batch cultures, biomass yield was affected by the feeding scheme chosen. High growth (up to 42.4 g L−1) and volumetric ectoine yields (up to 4.21 g L−1) were obtained by minimizing metabolite overflow and nutrient accumulation in high density cultures in a low nitrogen fed-batch culture. Moreover, the yield coefficient calculated for the transformation of glucose into biomass was 30% higher in fed-batch than in the batch culture, demonstrating that the metabolic efficiency of C. salexigens can be improved by careful design of culture feeding schemes.
Conclusions
Metabolic shifts observed at low ammonium concentrations were explained by a shift in the energy required for nitrogen assimilation. Carbon-limited fed-batch cultures with reduced ammonium supply were the best conditions for cultivation of C. salexigens, supporting high density growth and maintaining high ectoines production.España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación BIO2011-29233-C02-01España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2014-54411-C2-1-
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