Combining Physical and Mental Practices of a Dart-throwing Task Enhances Motor Learning and Impacts Psychological Skills

Determining practical ways to improve motor skill learning is crucial to enhancing behavior. Combining Visualization technique with dart throwing practice could impact positively skill learning. This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of dart-throwing skill practice and visualization would enhance motor learning. Fifty-three participants were divided in two groups ([1] visualization + dart; [2] dart group). Groups performed pretest of 10 trials, followed by 60 practice trials (6 blocks of 10 throws) with 1-minute break between blocks. Importantly, the Visualization + dart group practiced visualization during the 1-min breaks between blocks, while the Dart group read a nutrition paper during breaks to prevent the possibility to visualize the skill. An immediate posttest section (20 min after practice) was performed to assess motor learning. Participants were required to perform a low pressure; high pressure and transfer test conditions. Results showed that the combination of visualization with Physical practice of dart throwing skills enhanced motor learning (improving accuracy on retention and transfer tests) and prevented learners from choking under pressure relative to only physical practice of the skill. Key-words: Dart-throwing; Visualization, Choke under Pressure; Motor learning

Staff Engagement and Training in Supported Addiction Recovery Program for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

The prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) is similar among individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities (ID/DD) and the general population, yet there is a disparity between treatment and outcomes for these two groups due to a lack of appropriately adapted treatment and staff training. The purpose of this case study was to examine how leaders in a behavioral health organization understand the engagement and training experience for staff who provide substance abuse treatment for individuals with ID/DD. Governance and operational data were collected and analyzed from internal archival sources and organizational leader interviews. Themes identified from coding indicated that workforce engagement and training were influential factors in performance efficacy and long-term commitment to the program and agency. Communication challenges interfered with stakeholder information sharing and relationship building. These challenges negatively impacted workforce engagement, training, and performance. Recommended strategies may contribute positively to the organization\u27s capability and capacity to serve more individuals, increase public awareness of the prevalence of SUD among individuals with ID/DD, and these individuals\u27 positive social impact as contributing members of their communities

Lungs, land and laws: How legislation defined tuberculosis care in Minnesota

The Minnesota State Sanatorium for Consumptives opened in 1907 on the shore of Leech Lake, surrounded by piney forests. The location and laws ruling the sanatorium reflected the predominant medical beliefs about tuberculosis in the early twentieth century. Over the following three decades, clinical treatment for tuberculosis advanced quickly. These changes made keeping up with current standards of treatment for sanatorium patients difficult, as features of the sanatorium and its laws that had once been logical became dated or impossible to work with. During the 1920s, the sanatorium’s superintendent was allowed to ignore or selectively invoke the laws and was able to compensate for changing treatment standards by having new buildings constructed or repurposed. When a new, less tactful sanatorium supervisor took over the sanatorium at the end of the decade and into the Depression years, the State Board of Control, which had oversight over the sanatorium, allowed him significantly less leeway. Although some new buildings were constructed, the sanatorium was consistently understaffed and underfunded, leading to a variety of conflicts as the sanatorium’s location and state laws became a point of contention

Mary Pauper: A Historical Exploration of Early Care and Education Compensation, Policy, and Solutions

The Early Educator Investment Collaborative is committed in our work to recognizing and understanding the historical context in which structural racism continues to present in the early childhood workforce and eliminating the systemic oppression that keeps many early childhood educators living in poverty. In 2021, Child Trends was selected to conduct a literature review and develop a policy and practice report to map the history of systemic racism in the U.S. and how it has influenced early childhood education (ECE) policy and practice, with a particular focus on educator pay and benefits, preparation, and workforce stability.This report articulates a landscape analysis and a set of recommendations for policy, practice, and future research to improve the professional status of early childhood educators. The intent of this work is to build a common understanding of the biggest equity issues impacting early childhood educators—historically and in the present day

Development of a novel tool for assessing coverage of implementation factors in health promotion program resources

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.Katharine B. Richardson Research Award at Children's Mercy Kansas CityNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number F32DK115146Institute of Education Sciences and U.S. Department of Education by grant R305A15027

Perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with walking and cycling for transport among adult residents of 17 cities in 12 countries: The IPEN study

Introduction: Prevalence of walking and cycling for transport is low and varies greatly across countries. Few studies have examined neighborhood perceptions related to walking and cycling for transport in different countries. Therefore, it is challenging to prioritize appropriate built-environment interventions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the strength and shape of the relationship between adults’ neighborhood perceptions and walking and cycling for transport across diverse environments. Methods: As part of the International Physical activity and Environment Network (IPEN) adult project, self-reported data were taken from 13,745 adults (18–65 years) living in physically and socially diverse neighborhoods in 17 cities across 12 countries. Neighborhood perceptions were measured using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, and walking and cycling for transport were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Long Form. Generalized additive mixed models were used to model walking or cycling for transport during the last seven days with neighborhood perceptions. Interactions by city were explored. Results: Walking-for-transport outcomes were significantly associated with perceived residential density, land use mix–access, street connectivity, aesthetics, and safety. Any cycling for transport was significantly related to perceived land use mix–access, street connectivity, infrastructure, aesthetics, safety, and perceived distance to destinations. Between-city differences existed for some attributes in relation to walking or cycling for transport. Conclusions: Many perceived environmental attributes supported both cycling and walking; however, highly walkable environments may not support cycling for transport. People appear to walk for transport despite safety concerns. These findings can guide the implementation of global health strategies

Form and function:Optional complementizers reduce causal inferences

Many factors are known to influence the inference of the discourse coherence relationship between two sentences. Here, we examine the relationship between two conjoined embedded clauses in sentences like 'The professor noted that the student teacher did not look confident and (that) the students were poorly behaved'. In two studies, we find that the presence of 'that 'before the second embedded clause in such sentences reduces the possibility of a forward causal relationship between the clauses, i.e., the inference that the student teacher’s confidence was what affected student behavior. Three further studies tested the possibility of a backward causal relationship between clauses in the same structure, and found that the complementizer’s presence aids that relationship, especially in a forced-choice paradigm. The empirical finding that a complementizer, a linguistic element associated primarily with structure rather than event-level semantics, can affect discourse coherence is novel and illustrates an interdependence between syntactic parsing and discourse parsing